các rủi ro phát sinh trong quá trình phát triển dịch vụ thẻ tín dụng
Vocabulary for MBA
... unsophisticated person from a rural area Hillbillies are from mountainous areas Bubba describes a male, probably a young adult from the Southern USA (the term comes from a nickname derived from a young child’s ... I’m skeptical." Problem solve - Solve problems in a meeting devoted to that activity "One study group thought they learned to problem solve." Pro-con - Method of evaluating a proposal by listing ... up.’" Scrounge - Get by as needed by scavenging [from Merriam-Webster's Dictionary]; search for from any source "We always scrounge around looking for a fourth [golf is usually played in groups...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 46
... private corporations, though generally to a lesser degree Economic progress occurs most rapidly when there are strong pressures to produce the same output with less effort, to lay off workers when ... So a strong case can be made that one of the advantages of the market for corporate control is that it increases the pressure on managers to keep the size of their workforce under control If ... generous from the shareholders’ perspective Ideally, golden parachutes will be provided only to those managers whose responsibilities are relevant to a takeover, and the severance compensation provided...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 47
... arising because consumers need protection from monopolistic exploitation by producers, and producers need protection from opportunistic exploitation arising from the long-lived, transaction specific, ... Its cost curves may shift up, from LRMC1 to LRMC2 and from LRAC1 to LRAC2 Regulators will then have to raise the price from P1 to P2 , and production will fall from Q1 to Q2 The firm will still ... as the sole producer, it may be tempted to restrict production, charge a higher price, and reap monopoly profits The theory of natural monopoly is more fully explored below with appropriate graphs...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 48
... researcher wrote, “Paradoxically the [Civil Aeronautics Board’s policies, on the whole, have probably had little effect on the rate of profit earned by the industry; but, without the Civil Aeronautic ... return trip The railroads had an entire century of regulation-induced problems The results since deregulation in 1980 have been staggering Prices have fallen, service has improved, profits have increased, ... The railroads supported the enactment of the first Interstate Commerce Act, which was designed to prevent railroads from price discrimination because discrimination was undermining the railroad’s...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 60
... for francs will rise from D1 to D , while the supply of francs will contract from S to S The dollar price of francs will rise from ER1 , to ER2 , as the equilibrium shifts from E1 , to E2 26 Chapter ... the national interest, as in the maintenance of a strong defense industry Most probably reflect the political influence of special-interest groups Yet on balance, the overall tariffs are low, ... attempts to check the importation of “coal, iron, cheese, and goods of foreign manufacture, merely because and even in proportion as their price approaches zero.” Clearly, tariffs force consumers to...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 49
... on that retailer’s efforts A retailer with the exclusive right to sell a product in an area has a strong motivation to provide the combination of display and service that consumers find most attractive ... of those extras to guests Because of competition, hotels are strongly motivated to provide those extras that, for any given cost, provide as much real value to their guests as possible But this ... times, willy-nilly, promote efficiency or inefficiency Neither approach has a monopoly on the truth Each explanation mirrors a facet of reality Neither one is valid standing alone Probably the most...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 50
... laborers’ marginal product has risen, producers now want to sell more mousetraps and will hire more workers to produce them Look back again at Table 15.1 If the price of mousetraps rises from $2 to $4, ... Markets When technological change improves worker productivity, the demand for workers may increase If workers produce more, the value of their marginal product may rise, and employers may then ... something produced or developed for use in the production of something else In this sense capital goods include the education or skill a person acquires for use in the production process The...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 1
... designed to be used later in other production processes Plants and equipment—things produced to produce other things—are examples of these manufactured means of production Technology is the knowledge ... problem under study or destroy its relevance to the real world As following chapters will reveal, economic theorizing is largely deductive—that is, the analysis proceeds from very general propositions ... discipline of economics is divided into two main parts—microeconomics and macroeconomics As the term micro (as in microscope) suggests, microeconomics is the study of the individual markets—for...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 2
... away from productive processes If these resources are applied to production, total productio n can rise, and both Fred and Harry can be better off—both can have more than if they try to steal from ... Friday how the property was to be used The notion of property rights is broadly conceived by economists Property rights are most often applied to discussions of real estate and personal property (bicycles, ... and Harry can produce with, say, one hour of labor: Coconut Production Papaya Production Fred Harry 24 In one hour of labor Fred can produce either coconuts or papayas; Harry can produce either...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 51
... 15.10, demand falls from D1 to D2 As a result, the wage rate drops, from W2 to W1 , and employment falls, from Q3 to Q2 Although the method of limiting employment is different from that used in ... altruism.9 But, a company with a productive corporate culture is almost surely a company with strong incentives in place to reward productivity Without taking anything away from the corporate culture ... of production, which is influenced by factors beyond the workers’ control For example, how much each worker produces will be determined by what the employer does to provide workers with a productive...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 52
... worker productivity and firm profits) to pay workers The basic problem is that both workers and managers have incentives to engage in opportunistic behavior to the detriment of the other group Managers ... the production requirements when they produce more in response to any established rate, then managers should be willing to lower the production requirements when the workers lower their production ... Fifth, to combat quality problems, each unit produced is stenciled with the initials of the workers who produced it If a unit fails after delivery because of flaws in production, the responsible...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 3
... clearly the limitations of communal property rights and the pervasive use of private property 14 To provide for competition and to prevent monopoly profits from emerging, private rights can be ... of managers The Role of Incentives in Firm Successes and Failures Some firms prosper while other firms fail Why? An easy answer is that some firms produce a better product or provide a better ... inconsequential effect on the environment The person who throws a cigarette butt on the ground may reason that if this cigarette butt is the only one on the ground, it will not materially affect...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 4
... sophistication of products and production processes Incentives will continue to grow in importance as production and distribution processes become ever more complex Seen in this light, the problem of ... study in “groups.” If you are not in a study group, imaging yourself in one What incentive problems these groups have to overcome? How has your group sought to overcome the incentive problems? ... example, suppose that without improved incentives firm profits will grow in real-dollar terms by percent a year Suppose that with more effective incentives firm profits can grow by 2.5 percent a year...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 5
... will buy at those prices Note that as the price rises from zero to $11 a bushel, the number of bushels purchased drops from 110,000 to zero Demand may also be thought of as a curve If price is ... process You may recall from Chapter that a market is defined as the process by which buyers and sellers determine what they are willing to buy and sell and on what terms That is, it is the process ... entrepreneurs, attempting to buy and sell on the best terms possible Through the groping process of give and take, they move from relative ignorance about others’ wants and needs to a reasonably...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 53
... production levels in given work environments are under the control of workers and employers The more risk averse workers are, the greater the salary component This is because there is more profit ... of $1.85 per $1,000 increase in stockholder wealth Other studies have found stronger ties (perhaps eight times stronger) between executive compensation and firm performance See Peter F Kostiuk, ... Company to share in its profits? Even this provision has an advantage for the merchants, given the conditions of the area Storeowners understand that the Irvine Company controls much of the commercial...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 54
... pay increments when promoted vary inversely with the prospects of being promoted, which should be expected: the stiffer the competition (and the lower the prospects of being promoted), the greater ... the probability of reaching the top rung Executive pay, in other words, must rise disproportionate to productivity just to account for the declining probability of any one person making it through ... executive pay: the growing tendency of firms to provide their executives with huge payoffs when their firms fail and/or the executives are fired 57 The study covered from 1975 through 1983 (as reported...
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Microeconomics for MBAs 55
... of three proposed projects—a park, a road, and a school—shown in Table 16.3 If the park is put to a vote by itself, it will receive the majority support from A, B and C Similarly, the road will ... and productivity up A producer who is just one of many knows that any independent attempt to raise prices or lower quality will fail Customers will switch to other products or buy from other producers, ... individual producer must minimize its production costs Only a producer who has no competition—that is a monopolist—can afford to raise the price of a product without fear of losing profits These...
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Tài liệu Microeconomics for MBAs 6 doc
... and producers lie in the darkest shaded triangular area From all those acceptable output levels, the competitive market produces Q1, the maximum output level that can be produced given what producers ... quantity rises from Q1 to Q2, but the equilibrium price falls from P2 to P1 A decrease in supply from S1to S2 panel (d) causes the opposite effect: the equilibrium quantity falls from Q2 to Q1, ... actions by other producers and customers all over the city move the market for produce toward equilibrium The information provided by the orders, reorders, and cancellations from stores like Lieberman’s...
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Tài liệu Microeconomics for MBAs 7 pptx
... familiar with the product and market demand increased, shifting the demand curve from D1to D2 Because supply increased more than demand, the price fell from P2 to P1, and quantity rose from Q1 to Q2 ... leads to “product proliferation” too many versions of essentially the same product, such as aspirin— and to waste in production and advertisement Because so many types of the same product are ... percent down from 370 percent and productivity increased about 50 percent It should be pointed out that control over workers is only part of the problem Even if a boss has total control, there...
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Tài liệu Microeconomics for MBAs 8 pdf
... We suspect that firms with new products that represent a substantial improvement over established products would be good candidates The likely success of the new product gives a form of base-line ... product is a substantial improvement increases the likelihood of the firm’s eventual success for two reasons The first reason is widely recognized: a product that represents a substantial improvement ... cash flow in its initial stages of production for other things, such as quality control, distribution, and promotion The firm gets capital sweat equity from an unheralded source, workers The...
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