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... CATATGCACCAATCCATTGAC TTTTACTGTGTTGATTTTGA TCCTTTCCTCATATGTGTCTAGCC TCTTAACTCGTCGACTTAAACTCCCAT TTGGGCATACTTTATCTGGC CGCCACCTAACAATTCGGTCGACTGAT AGACTTGGCAGAAATGGGAGTTT GGTTCGTGCCTTCATCCGTCGACCAAC CTGGCCAGGTAGGGCTAGACACA ... TCAATAATATCGAATTCCTGCAGTTTGC TCCATCAGACTAACTTCGTGCA CTCCTTCCGTTTTTCCGGTT CATATGCATGAAACAGACATGACCA AGTGGATCCGTTAATAAAAAATTTAGTCTCG CATATGTGCCAAAACTGCGGTT TTTTTCCTTCAACTCTTAG CATATGCACCAATCCATTGAC ... [44] This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This study This...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... phage particles attached to their surface They found that, when the DNA was labelled, the label was transferred to the bacterial cell, while the labelled protein remained with the phage ghosts ... H H P O O H H H OH H Deoxythymidine NH2 O CH3 N N O O P O O O H OH H O O O− H H H H Deoxycytidine-5′-phosphate H OH H H Deoxythymidine-5′-phosphate Cytidine Uridine O NH2 N RNA O O O O − H O H ... and the suspension was blended to separate the phage ‘ghosts’ from the infected bacteria The ghosts should not contain the genetic material, which needs to be replicated inside the host bacteria...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:05

... The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions SV and DR performed the laboratory work and contributed equally to this study PB and SSH conceived the strategies ... repressors of homeotic genes (reviewed in [11,18-20]), and contribute to the maintenance of the silent state of chromatin in upper eukaryotes [21] It was also consistent with the finding that HIV-1 preferentially ... analysis showed that this crystal was really constituted of EED3 -H6 protein (Fig 1B; lane 2) However, the crystals obtained under these conditions failed to generate X-ray diffraction patterns We then...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... metabolism, immune and stress response) This hypothesis was validated both in vitro and in vivo, in that arthritic fibroblasts exhibited F- actin stress fibres that were most probably due to the ... CD4+ T cells into Available online http://arthritis-research.com/content/6/4/155 either T helper (Th) or Th2 effector cells The goals of this arm of EUROME are to identify genes and pathways ... associated with the same HLA-DR4 class II histocompatibility antigens The fact that B burgdorferi can cause a chronic infection is based on the ability of the bacterium to escape complement-mediated...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... 10 11 Competing interests 15 The authors declare that they have no competing interests 16 17 Authors' contributions AH planned the work, carried out all the laboratory work, the statistical analysis ... Griffiths CE, Donn R, Thomson W, Silman A, Worthington J: Association between the PTPN22 gene and rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a UK population: Further support that PTPN22 ... the failure to identify a susceptibility region in the study could be heterogeneity between the dataset used in this study and the dataset used in the previous analysis [9] However, half of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... n = 43) HIV-infected patients with hypertriglyceridemia (treated HTG, (A) Effect of treatment with fenofibrate (160 mg/day) in HIV-infected patients with hypertriglyceridemia (treated HTG, n = ... significant changes in the pattern of chemokine gene expression in circulating leukocytes The data suggest that PPARα activators may be useful in the attempt to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis ... measurements for the study CA-V wrote the first draft of the manuscript JJ, JC and JMA contributed to the final version of the manuscript GA, RB-D and AR helped in the data analysis and interpretation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... which the critical threshold is determined Is the QTL for mRNA or protein rhythms? After the existence of a QTL that affects circadian rhythms is confirmed, we need to test whether it affects the ... Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions The entire theoretical concept of the work was envisaged by RLW The mathematical and statistical ... the genetic architecture of circadian rhythms The genetic control of the entire rhythmic process can be tested by formulating the following hypotheses: H0 : D = vs H1 : D ≠ (6) H0 states that...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... MetLysLeuLeuSerSerIleGluGlnAlaCysAspIleCysStop Point mutation: DNA: 5′-AGCCTCCTGAAAGATGAAGCTACTGTCTGCTATCGAACAAGCATGCGATATTTGCTAATTTGAAGTCA –3′ 3′-TCGGAGGACTTTCTACTTGCATGACAGACGATAGCTTGTTCGTACGCTATAAACGATTAAACTTCAGT –5′ mRNA: ... Eukaryotic CAP binding sites lac operon: Met Thr Met 5′-CAACGCAATTAATGTGAGTTAGCTCACTCATTAGGCACCCCAGGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGAAACAGCT ATG ACC ATG -3′ 3′-GTTGCGTTAATTACACTCAATCGAGTGAGTAATCCGTGGGGTCCGAAATGTGAAATACGAAGGCCGAGCATACAACACACCTTAACACTCGCCTATTGTTAAAGTGTGTCCTTTGTCGA ... 3′-GCATCTCGGTGTGGGACCATTCCCGGTTAGACGAGTGTGTCCTATCTCTCCCGTCCTCGGTCCCGTCTCGTATATTCCACTCCATCCTAGTCAACGAGGAGTGTAAACGAAGACTGTATCA -5′ Mouse b-globin gene: Enhancer Activator TATA binding box sites Eukaryotic...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... been treated with phosphatase to a compatible insert The vector is cut with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and then treated with phosphatase to remove the phosphates from the free -ends of the cut ... result in its reformation This can be prevented by treating the cut vector with phosphatase to remove the phosphate residues from the ends of the DNA The cut insert can provide the missing phosphate ... of the gun towards the target cells that lie just beyond the end of the barrel When the bullet reaches the end of the barrel it is caught and stopped, but the DNA-coated beads continue on towards...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... 5′-GAATTCATGAAGCTACTGTCTTCT-3′ 5′- TGAAAGATGAAGCTACTGTCTTCT GGATTATTTGTACAAGATAATGTG -3′ GAL4 gene 3′- ACTTTCTACTTCGATGACAGAAGA CCTAATAAACATGTTCTATTACAC -5′ 3′-CCTAATAAACATGTTCTACCTAGG-5′ Primer ... BamHI 5′-GAATTCATGAAGCTACTGTCTTCT GGATTATTTGTACAAGATGGATCC-3′ GAL4 gene 3′-CTTAAGTACTTCGATGACAGAAGA CCTAATAAACATGTTCTACCTAGG-5′ Figure 4.7 Primers to amplify part of the GAL4 gene from the Saccharomyces ... GTG GAT GAA GTT GGT GGT GAG GCC CTG GGC W G K V N V D E V G G E A L G AGgttggtatcaaggttacaagacaggtttaaggagaccaatagaaactgggcatgtgg R Intron agacagagaagactcttgggtttctgataggcactgactctctctgcctattggtctat...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... Promoter TTTTT AAAAA Promoter or AAAAA TTTTT Figure 5.5 cDNA that is to be expressed must be cloned in a defined orientation so that the promoter element to which it is attached will initiate the transcription ... The two-hybrid system offers excellent opportunities to identify proteins that interact with each other The caveats described above mean that the technique will not work for every protein but, ... nitrocellulose The nylon replica is then treated in various ways to lyse the bacteria and firmly attach the DNA to the sheet Typically, the following steps are carried out: • the nylon sheet is treated with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... 3'-CTTAAGatagcttgttcgtacgTtataaacgGACGTCcgtttatagcgtacgaacaGgctatCTTAAG-5' Cut with EcoRI and PstI 5'-AATTCtatcgaacaagcatgcAatatttgcCTGCA-3' 3'-GatagcttgttcgtacgTtataaacgG-5' 5'-AATTCtatcgGacaagcatgcgatatttgcCTGCA-3' ... lac : 5’- TTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATATTGTGTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGAAACAGCT ATG -3' −35 −10 RBS Protein trp : 5'- TTGACAATTAATCATCGAACTAGTTAACTAGTACGCAAGTTCACGTAAAAAGGGTATCGACA ATG -3' ... 5'-GAATTCtatcgaacaagcatgcAatatttgcCTGCAG-3' 3'-GACGTCcgtttatagcgtacgaacaGgctatCTTAAG-5' DNA polymerase + dNTP 5'-GAATTCtatcgaacaagcatgcAatatttgcCTGCAGgcaaatatcgcatgcttgtCcgataGAATTC-3' 3'-CTTAAGatagcttgttcgtacgTtataaacgGACGTCcgtttatagcgtacgaacaGgctatCTTAAG-5'...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... 3'-ACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' T 3'-TTCAGCTGACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-TCAGCTGACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-TGACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-TTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-TGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-TAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' ... if the target protein is not stable under these conditions The final target protein produced by this method is native except for the DTT thioester moiety attached at the carboxy-terminal end The ... 5'-CTAAGTCGACTGAACATTTGTCATGCATCGATC-3' 3'-GATTCAGCTGACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-AGTACGTAGCTAG-5' Sequencing primer G 3'-GATTCAGCTGACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-GCTGACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5' 3'-GACTTGTAAACAGTACGTAGCTAG-5'...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... is treated with proteases to break down some of the proteins that hold the cells together and then teased apart to separate the individual cells These cells are then placed in another dish containing ... copies of the transgene being inserted into the plant genome – either in the form of tandem repeats at a single locus, or scattered throughout the genome of the plant Rather than increasing the levels ... plant cells has also raised the possibility that other viruses, that are still able to infect the plant, may be able to ‘inherit’ the expressed coat protein To date, there is no clear evidence that...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... Cysteine CH2 H Threonine CH CH2 Hydrophilic Asparagine CH2 SH CH3 OH Tyrosine OH Glutamine CH2 CH2 C CH2 O NH2 C O NH2 OH Arginine CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH NH3+ Basic Lysine C Histidine CH2 ... and genetic manipulation in vitro before the return of the modified cells to the patient The type of therapy used depends on the sorts of cell that need to be modified If the cells in which the gene ... form the placenta) Before implanting into the wall of the uterus, the blastocyst floats in the uterine cavity for days and sheds the zona pellucida, allowing its adherence to the uterine wall The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... Rodseth, L.E (1997) Extensive features of tight oligosaccharide binding revealed in high-resolution structures of the maltodextrin transport/chemosensory receptor Structure, 5, 997–1015 Rackwitz, ... Insertional inactivation, 117, 118 Insertional vector, 132 Integrase (Int), 39 Integration host factor (IHF), 39 Intein mediated purification with an affinity chitin binding tag (IMPACT), 282, 285 Inteins, ... acid substitution in the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase confers resistance to the herbicide glyphosate J Biol Chem., 260, 4724–4728 Stanley, J (1993) Geminiviruses: plant viral...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... normalized the log of branch lengths to obtain branch lengths that are integers between and 1,000 that reflect putative time units (this is the requirement of the method of [44] Step three: we ... mutations can be attributed to punctuated evolution [4] The fungal tree analyzed here is a natural starting point The future application of the approach presented here to other phylogenetic trees, ... estimate dS' = r0 × t, which is done using regression This requires the computation of the tAIs of each of the gene sequences (the leaves of the phylogenetic tree), and the estimation of the tAIs...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... subsequent tachycardia, tachypnea, and patient-ventilator asynchrony Treatment with sedatives led to resolution of the hypertension and tachycardia, but the tachypnea and patient-ventilator asynchrony ... withdrawn at the request of the attending physician because the patients were not felt to be appropriate candidates for DIS (The first patient was the subject who developed the adverse events ... withdrawn from the study After study withdrawal, these patients were treated using the ICU SA This could have resulted in eliminating differences in total MV duration between the two groups However,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:35