EX: Daisy hurt her foot ≠ Daisy hurt his foot David and Mary hurt their feet. The plural pronoun “they” is used informally, as a substitute[r]
(1)Gr Members: Trinh Thi Bich Chung Thi Huyen
Dao Ngoc Quy
(2)I Introduction of concord II Types of concord
1 Concord of person
Concord of number
a Grammatical concord b Notional concord
c Proximity concord d Coordinated Subject
(3)I Introduction of concord
Concord, also termed “agreement”, can be
defined as “the relationship between two
grammatical units such that one of them
displays a particular feature( e.g plurality) that
accords with a displayed ( or semantically
(4)II Types of concord
1 Concord of person:
To be (is/are/am) Main verbs
(speak/speaks)
(5)2 Concord of number
a Grammatical concord
Subject-verb concord: S and V must
agree in person and number
S singular V singular S plural V plural
EX: Each student has his own schoolbag
(6)Subject- complement concord: of number
in clause of type SVC
Eg: She (S singular) is a beautiful girl (C singular)
Those books (S pl) are good friends (Cpl)
Object- complement concord: in clause of
type SVOC
(7) Subject-object concord: of gender,
number and person is necessary when object reflective pronoun.
Eg: She hurts herself
Collective noun: plural concord
(8) Pronoun concord
Personal pronouns in the 3rd person agree with their
antecedents both in number and (with the singular pronouns he, she and it) in gender
EX: Daisy hurt her foot ≠ Daisy hurt his foot David and Mary hurt their feet.
The plural pronoun “they” is used informally, as a substitute
for the indefinite pronouns: everyone, every body,
someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody
EX: Everybody thinks they are right Has anyone brought their book?
Relative pronouns agree with their antecedents in number
of gender
(9)b Notional concord
Notional concord is agreement of verb with subject
according to the idea of number rather than the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that idea
Eg: The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Sixteen miles seems like a long walk to her
This news is bad
Singular nouns express singular idea:
Eg: Butter and chicken is my favourite food
Two or more singular nouns refer to the same person
(10)c Proximity concord
Verb form is determined by the nearest word
(11)
d Coordinated Subject
When a subject consists of two or more noun phrases
coordinated by “and”, a distinction has to be made
between appositional and non-appostional coordination these have a verb in the plural
Eg: Lan and Sinh are now ready
A singular verb is used with conjoinings which represent
a single entity
Eg: The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flag pole
Conjoinings expressing a mutual relationship
take a plural verb
Eg: Your problem and mine are similar
For the coordinated structures refer to the same thing
take a singular verb
(12)