NguNghiaHoc c2 1 nguyenthuynga

SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS credits Units 5,6 Week part 1 CONTENTS • Reference and sense: types of reference, referring expression • Word meaning: denotative, connotative • Sentence meaning: semantic roles • Sentence meaning: figures of speech REFERENCE – REFERENT - SENSE Reference (SỞ CHỈ): the relationship between language and the world the relationship between words and the things, actions, events, and qualities they stand for (Hurford & Heasley, 1983: 25) Reference helps listeners or readers identify something in the real world My students are studying with a computer (identified people) (identified thing) The largest city in Viet Nam The students in the linguistics class * REFERENCE – REFERENT - SENSE Referent (vật nói đến): the thing the speaker is talking about, the object referred to =>The actual thing in the world * REFERENCE – REFERENT - SENSE Sense: dealing with relationships inside the language Something in the head; Semantic properties woman girl The moon: the object similar to a planet that goes round the Earth and that you can see shining in the sky at night * Referent: refers to a certain object * The moon was bright last night referent, (refers to a certain object) My love is like the moon (sense, something more is involved in the phrase “the moon” than just the object * “bachelor” •Its referent is the extension of the class bachelors ( THONG, NHAN etc.) •Its sense is the concept of an unmarried male * FOOTBALL PLAYER Sense: someone who plays football, especially as their job Referent HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY •REFERENT •SENSE: a Vietnamese university in HCM city that teaches degree courses through full-time and distant programs * Rector of Ho Chi Minh city Open University Sense Referent •1990: DR.CAO VAN PHUONG •1996: MR LE THE DONG •2003: ASSOC.PROF.DR LE BAO LAM •2013: ASSOC.PROF.DR NGUYEN VAN PHUC •2020: ASSOC.PROF.DR NGUYEN MINH HA Reference and Sense • Proper names, e.g., John, Anna have reference but no sense • Vietnamese names have sense or not? • Other nouns have sense and reference The President of Viet Nam The monitor of the linguistics class • Others have sense but no reference The present King of France is bald * TYPES OF REFERENCE Variable Reference: same expression may refer to different objects “My mother” “Here” in the sentence “I am here” Your examples? Same Reference: different expressions refer to the same object Uncle Ho – Ho Chi Minh – Nguyen Ai Quoc Nguyen Sinh Cung – Nguyen Tat Thanh HCM City and Saigon My father is a teacher Your examples? * Constant Reference: one expression always refers to the same object Proper names, especially geographical names: John, Smith, David, Vietnam, Laos … Unique things: the sun, the moon, the earth, the east, the west, Halley’s Comet * • The sun in “The sun shines” is an example of _ reference • “your mouth” in “Watch your mouth” is a _reference • Bill Clinton and Hillary’s husband have _ reference • The Himalayas has _ reference • “Harry Potter” has reference • The most beautiful girl in this class • The tallest boy in this class • Santa Clause • Nguyen Du and _have the same referent * No reference: an expression which is meaningful but does not refer to anything Function words: and, but, if, almost, … Imaginary characters: Batman, Dragon, Superman, Snow White, Tấm Cám, Thạch Sanh… The objects that not exist now The king of France is bald (France does not have any king nowadays) The Queen of Vietnam nowadays is a Cambodian (no VN queen now) * REVIEW • What is sense and reference? • Do all nouns have both sense and reference? Give examples * • Do Cuong dollar and Quoc cuong gia lai have the same referent? • If we are talking about a situation in which John is standing in the corner, can John have the same referent as the person in the corner? * Give an example of an expression that might be used to refer to the Prime Minister of Viet Nam in 2019 Give an example of an expression that could have variable reference Give an example of an expression that always has constant reference Give an example of different expressions having one referent Give an example of an expression that has no reference * REFERRING EXPRESSIONS Definition: A referring expression is any expression used in an utterance to refer to someone or something particular (Hurford & Heasley, 1983: 35) (on the part of the speaker) Ex: + When a speaker says, ‘My father” he has a particular person in mind => my father is a referring expression + The name Fred in the utterance “Fred hit me”, where the speaker has a particular person in mind, is a referring expression * Some clues of referring expression Possessive: my friend, Paul’s hat, … Demonstrative: this book, that machine, … Proper name: Smith, David, Vietnam … Personal Pronouns (only when being uttered): I, You, He, … Constant Reference (unique thing): the sun, the moon, the earth, the east, the west, Halley’s Comet, … Past tense: helps to recognize Referring Expression * Not a referring expression Something general: family, society, people Representative of social classes or species: the poor, the rich, the elephant, dogs, cats Profession/ Job: singer, teacher, lawyer, … Ex: The singer in “The singer I admire most is Siu Black” is a RE because it refers to a particular person A singer in “My sister is a singer” is not a RE because it is a job in general * Underline the referring expressions A man was in here looking for you last night The first sign of the monsoon is a cloud on the horizon no bigger than a man’s hand Forty buses have been withdrawn from service by the Liverpool Corporation This engine has the power of forty buses Yesterday, Nancy married a Norwegian My sister also wants to marry a Norwegian John is looking for a car to buy Dick believes that a man with a limp killed Bo Peep * A man was in here looking for you last night 2.The first sign of the monsoon is a cloud on the horizon no bigger than a man’s hand Forty buses have been withdrawn from service by the Liverpool Corporation This engine has the power of forty buses Yesterday, Nancy married a Norwegian My sister also wants to marry a Norwegian John is looking for a car to buy 8.Dick believes that a man with a limp killed Bo Peep * ... LƯƠNG 2 014 : TRƯƠNG TẤN SANG 2 019 NGUYỄN PHÚ TRỌNG * Rector of Ho Chi Minh city Open University Sense Referent ? ?19 90: DR.CAO VAN PHUONG ? ?19 96: MR LE THE DONG •2003: ASSOC.PROF.DR LE BAO LAM •2 013 :... between words and the things, actions, events, and qualities they stand for (Hurford & Heasley, 19 83: 25) Reference helps listeners or readers identify something in the real world My students... an example of an expression that might be used to refer to the Prime Minister of Viet Nam in 2 019 Give an example of an expression that could have variable reference Give an example of an expression