Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.. Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil[r]
(1)UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
LESSON 1: VOCABULARY + READING
* VOCABULARY REVIEW
Word Type Pronunciation Meaning
aquatic (adj) /əˈkwætɪk/ nước, sống nước
article (n) /ˈɑːtɪkl/ báo
chemical (n)/ (adj) /ˈkemɪkl/ hóa chất, hóa học
confuse (v) /kənˈfjuːz/ làm lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn
+ confusion (n) /kənˈfjuːʒn/ lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn consumption (n) /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ tiêu thụ, tiêu dùng contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ làm bẩn, nhiễm
damage (v) /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ làm hại, làm hỏng
deforestation (n) /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ phá rừng, phát quang
degraded (adj) /dɪˈɡreɪd/ giảm sút chất lượng
deplete (v) /dɪˈpliːt/ làm suy yếu, cạn kiệt
+ depletion (n) /dɪˈpliːʃn/ suy yếu, cạn kiệt destruction (n) /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ phá hủy, tiêu diệt
ecosystem (n) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ hệ sinh thái
editor (n) /ˈedɪtə(r)/ biên tập viên
fertilizer (n) /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ phân bón
fossil fuel (n.phr) /ˈfɒs.əl ˌfjʊəl/ nhiên liệu hóa thạch (làm từ phân hủy động vật hay
thực vật tiền sử) global
warming
(n.phr) /ˌɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ nóng lên tồn cầu
greenhouse effect
(n.phr) /ˈɡriːnhaʊsɪˈfekt/ hiệu ứng nhà kính
influence (v,n) /ˈɪnfluəns/ ảnh hưởng, tác dụng
inorganic (adj) /ˌɪnɔːˈɡỉnɪk/ vơ
long-term (adj) /ˌlɒŋˈtɜːm/ dài hạn, lâu dài
mass-media (n.phr) /ˌmỉs ˈmiːdiə/ truyền thơng đại chúng
pesticide (n) /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ thuốc trừ sâu
polar ice melting
/ˈpəʊlə(r) aɪs ˈmeltɪŋ/ tan băng địa cực
pollute (v) /pəˈluːt/ gây ô nhiễm
+ pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/ chất ô nhiễm
+ pollution (n) /pəˈluːʃn/ nhiễm
preserve (y) /prɪˈzɜːv/ giữ gìn, bảo tồn
+ preservation (n) /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ bảo tồn, trì
protect (v) /prəˈtekt/ bảo vệ, che chở
+ protection (n) /prəˈtekʃn/ bảo vệ, che chở
sewage (n) /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ nước cống
(2)* EXERCISES
I WORD FORMS: Supply the correct word form.1 People should change their habit of using plastic bags to contribute to environmental (preserve)
2 One of the causes of massive _ is a lack of awareness of a few local people (forest) A _ energy system converts the energy found in sunlight, wind, falling water, waves, geothermal heat, or biomass (renew)
4 The energy _ of the community has increased since the new resort was built (consume) The coastal areas have been severely by the disposals of harmful chemical rubbish (pollute)
6 Could you _ the picture over the sofa? (straight) I found the visit most _ (education)
8 The police are interested in the sudden _ of the valuable paintings (appear) II GAP-FILL: Complete the sentences, using the given words/ phrases in the box:
flood ice caps environment gradual rise protect rural industrial extinct
1 There are lots of things we can all to _ the environment
2 If you ask me, waste is a much bigger problem than ordinary household waste There’s been a _ in Germany and a village was completely destroyed
4 Dinosaurs have been for millions of years
5 As towns grow, they tend to destroy the surrounding _ areas
6 During the last hundred years we have done great damage to the The in the Earth's temperature is known as global warming
8 As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic will slowly melt and the level of the oceans will rise
III MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose the best option.
1 Environmental pollution is becoming an _ serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as possible
A increasingly B increasing C increase D increased Do you know what CFC _?
A sets in B does up C stands for D gets down
3 The gradual rise in the Earth’s temperature is known as _
A greenhouse effect B global warming C ozone layer D acid rain During the last hundred years we have done great _ to the environment
A injury B pollution C damage D hurt
5 In my opinion, _ waste is a much bigger problem than ordinary household waste A industrial B business C working D manufacturing Many of the world’s largest cities are _ and some are permanently covered by a _ A heavily polluted – polluted cloud B heavy pollution – polluted cloud
C heavy pollution – cloud of pollution D heavily polluted – cloud of pollution
Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
7 Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil, and other chemicals in rivers, which makes the water unclean
A substances B stuffs C contaminants D wastes
8 The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human activities through many decades
A worsened B damaged C destroyed D reduced
Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
9 Soil pollution leads to lack of fertile land to grow enough food for an increasing population
(3)10 Global warming may lead to many negative changes, including harsher weather conditions A more unbearable B milder C more extreme D more serious
IV READING: A Choose the word or phrase to fill in the blanks in the following passage:
Nowadays, people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (1) _ Many species of animals are threatened, and could easily become (2) _ if we not make an effort to protect them There are many reasons for this In some cases, animals are (3) _ for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies Some birds, (4) _ as parrots, are caught alive and sold as pets For many animals and birds, the problem is that their habitat - the place where they live - is (5) _ More and more land is used for farms, for houses and for industry All the Earth is being polluted seriously If we not control our action, there will be only one successful animals on the Earth - human beings
1 A problem B vanishing C threat D danger A appeared B empty C bloomed D extinct A game B chased C hunted D extinct A like B such C or D where A disappearing B disappears C being disappeared D disappeared B Read a text and answer the questions that follow
THE BALANCE OF NATURE
All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a state of balance This balance is achieved by the plants and animals interacting with each other and with their non-living surroundings
The plants of a community are the producers: they use carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen to build up their tissues using energy in the form of sunlight The plant tissues form food for the plant-eating animals (herbivores) which are in turn eaten by flesh-eating animals (carnivores) Thus, plants produce the basic food supply for all the animals of a community The animals themselves are the consumers, and are either herbivores or carnivores
Examples of herbivores in a woodland community are rabbits, deer, mice and snails, and insects such as aphids and caterpillars The herbivores are sometimes eaten by the carnivores Woodland carnivores are of all sizes, from insects such as beetles and lacewings to animals such as owls, shrews and foxes Some carnivores feed on herbivores, some feed on the smaller carnivores, while some feed on both: a tawny owl will eat beetles and shrews as well as voles and mice These food relationships between the different members of the community are known as food chains or food webs All food chains start with plants The links of the chain are formed by the herbivores that eat the plants and the carnivores that feed on the herbivores There are more organisms at the base of the food chain than at the top; for example, there are many more green plants than carnivores in a community
Another important section of the community is made up of the decomposers They include the bacteria and fungi that live in the soil and feed on dead animals and plants By doing this they break down the tissues of the dead organisms and release mineral salts into the soil
1 Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A All the plants in a wood are eaten by animals
B All the animals in a wood depend on plants for their food supply
C Plants and animals in a natural community not interact with their non-living surroundings D The balance of a natural community means there is no primary species
2 All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT
A some animals eat other animals B plants depend on the sun to grow C plants depend on the gasses in the atmosphere to grow D not every food chain starts with plants Which of the following is NOT an example of carnivores?
A shrew B lacewings C owl D aphids
4 What makes the links in a food chain?
A the plants and the herbivores B the herbivores and the carnivores C the carnivores and the decomposers D the plants and the decomposers The word “organism" in paragraph is closest in meaning to
(4)UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
LESSON 2: LEXICO - GRAMMAR
* GRAMMAR REVIEW
I REPORTED SPEECH1 Statement: Câu tường thuật
(5)Ex: “I will come back tomorrow” Mary said.
Mary said that she would come back the next day Note: said => said that said to sb => told sb that 2 Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị
Ex: “Don't talk in class” The teacher said to us The teacher told us not to talk in class. 3 Yes / No Questions
Form: S + asked + (sb) + if / whether + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked I asked Diep if she could speak English 4 Wh-Question
Ex: “Where are you from?” He asked me He asked me where I were from. 5 Khơng lùi thì
Ex: “I'm very exhausted now” she says She says she is very exhausted now. * BẢNG LÙI THÌ
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple past Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future (will/shall) Future in the past (would/ should) Near future (be going to V) Was/were going to V
Can Could
May Might
Must Had to
Needn’t Didn’t have to
* BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
this that
these those
here there
now then
ago before (earlier)
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day
the following day the day after Form: S+ asked / told + sb + (not) + to V
Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi
(6)yesterday the previous day the day before
next + N the following + N
the N + after
last + N the previous + N
the N + before
* EXERCISES
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in the following questions.
1 A depletion B preservation C ecosystem D completion A erosion B confusion C mission D television
3 A damage B sewage C advantage D engage
4 A aquatic B access C altar D ancestor
II Choose the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in the following questions.
5 A article B newsletter C editor D pollution
6 A disposal B animal C energy D poverty
7 A awareness B solution C importance D happiness A influence B protection C chemical D scientist III Verb tenses:
1 We _him that he was the first customer to our newly-open shop (tell) “We’re watching TV,” said the twins The twins said they _ TV (watch) Jason told me that he _ his best in the exam the next day (do)
4 "I'm a big fan of U23.” Derek said Derek said he a big fan of U23 (be)
5 “You've been annoying me all day!" my mum said My mum said I her all day (annoy) "The dog ate my homework!” said Ivan Ivan said the dog his homework (eat)
7 "At one o'clock, I was having lunch," said Molly Molly said she _ lunch at one o'clock (have) "You'll get wet without an umbrella," Dad said Dad said I wet without an umbrella (get)
IV WRITING: Change the direct speech statements into reported speech Make any changes, if necessary.
1 She said: “I don’t want anything to eat now.”
……….………
2 “I’ve only had this new bicycle since yesterday,” Peter said
……….………
3 “Are you a student?” the woman asked the boy
……….………
4 The captain said to them: “Wait here until I come back”
……….………
5 “I’ll finish it by the end of this week,” he said
He promised………….………
6 “You shouldn’t use your cars for short distances,” the teacher said
The teacher advised her students ……… V MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: Choose the best option.
1 "He can juggle five balls!" said Angie Angie said he five balls
(7)A pass B if he passes C to pass D if he would pass "Would you mind waiting for a moment?" the shop assistant asked the woman
The shop assistant asked the woman for a moment
A to wait B waiting C if she waits D if she minds waiting “Please don't leave your dirty football boots in the hall," Mum said to Doug
Mum told Doug dirty football boots in the hall
A that he doesn't leave his B not to leave his C not to leave your D don't leave his "Could you tell us where you were at six o'clock?" the police officer asked Barry
The police officer asked Barry had been at six o'clock A telling him where you B where he tells him he C to tell him where you D to tell him where he
7 "Could I have your e-mail address?" I asked Mariella I asked Mariella e -mail address A to give me her B give me your C give me her D gave me your
8 "Can I have a new Xbox for my birthday?" I asked my mum I asked my mum a new Xbox for my birthday
A that she gets me B get me C to get me D if she could have me "What's your name?" she asked me She asked me
A what your name is B what your name was C what my name is D what my name was 10 "Are you a student?" the man asked the boy The man wanted to know
A if I was a student B if the boy was a student C if I am a student D if the boy is a student 11 "What school are you going to?" he asked me He wanted to know
A what school am I going to B what school you are going to C what was the school I go to D what school I was going to
12 "I won't be home this evening because I have to work late," Mike said Mike said that A I wouldn't be home this evening because I had to work late
B he wouldn't be home this evening because he had to work late C he won't be home this evening because he has to work late D he wouldn't be home that evening because he had to work late
Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions:
13 Tim called yesterday and said he needed the report right now
A called B said C needed D now
14 Rosy said that she will come back there on another project the following year A said B will come back C there D the following 15 The teacher asked his students to focus on your topic
A asked B his students C to focus D your 16 Mr Jones told his children not to wasting fresh water
(8)UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
LESSON 3: PRACTICE TEST
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in the following questions.
1 A bear B year C ear D dear
2 A environment B wildlife C circulation D hydroelectric
Choose the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in the following questions.
3 A beautiful B consumption C offensive D aquatic A animal B destruction C unfriendly D solution
Choose the best option for each of the following sentences
5 There is a of water because it hasn’t rained for a long time A shortage B short C shortest D shorter The river has been polluted with toxic waste from factories
A locally B locate C local D locality
(9)A extinction B survival C elimination D disappearance The heavily polluted water near the factory the safety of the local people A preserves B contaminates C is threatened D endangers
9 The huge oil slick is moving slowly towards Ireland, and several miles of coastline are under
A threat B stake C pressure D damage
10 It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die as once fertile areas turn to desert
A off B out C up D down
11 Most of the air pollution results _ the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets
A in B to C on D from
12 Stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and build a future in which humans live in nature
A agree with B fall in love with C harmony with D cooperate with 13 There are more and more species that are
A in danger of extinct B in danger of extinction C in danger of death D in danger of dead 14 “Why don’t we have a look at some websites for more information about the environment?” – “ _.” A Yes, thanks B Yes, why not? C It’s my pleasure D Do we?
15 “ _” - “That’s a good idea.”
A What about recycling water for gardening? B Sorry, can I say something?
C Glad to work with you D Excuse me, I want to add something 16 Tom and Henry asked me to go with
A him B their C them D they
17 “Anna left here an hour ago," she said She told me that .
A Anna had left here an hour ago B Anna had left there an hour ago C Anna had left here an hour before D Anna had left there an hour before 18 Bob wanted to know when
A will the exam be taken B the exam will be taken C would the exam be taken D the exam would be taken 19 the foreigner where he came from
A They asked B They said C They informed D They stated 20 “I’ve bought a ring,” he said to his girlfriend
A He said his girlfriend that he had bought a ring B He said his girlfriend that he bought a ring C He told his girlfriend that he had bought a ring D He told his girlfriend that he bought a ring 21 “Let’s go for a walk We’ve been working all day,” said Joanna
A Joanna suggested going for a walk because they had been working all day B Joanna insisted on going for a walk because they had been working all day C Joanna suggested going for a walk because they have been working all day D Joanna suggested going for a walk because she had been working all day 22 “Where did you work years ago?” asked her boss
A Her boss wanted to know where did she work years ago B Her boss wanted to know where had she worked years before C Her boss wanted to know where she has worked years before D Her boss wanted to know where she had worked years before 23 “We saw a strange man in the garden," they told their son
A They told their son that we had seen a strange man in the garden B They told their son that they had seen a strange man in the garden C They told their son that we saw a strange man in the garden D They told their son that they saw a strange man in the garden
Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
24 Sally called from Miami and said that she was swimming here
A B C D
25 They complained that there isn't any fresh water in the local area
A B C D
26 Clarence said he couldn't have repaired the car the next day
(10)Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
27 We are facing severe environmental pollution despite the fact that many world organizations are working hard to reduce it
A heavy B destructive C harmful D serious
28 The seashore was much polluted because of the amount of waste left there All this rubbish is killing fish and other marine life
A sea plants B sea mammals C water life D sea creatures
Choose the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
29 One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful consumption
A costly B excessive C safe D economical
30 Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it Yet it is one of the limited and most endangered natural resources on our planet
A Clean B Drinkable C Polluted D Running
Read the passage and fill in the numbered blanks to complete it
Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life (31) _, human activities are making the planet less fit to live on As the Western world carries on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do, so just to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the only resource we have Everywhere fertile soil is either built on or washed (32) _ the sea Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (33) _ We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences As a (34) _, the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are making increasingly heavy demands on it
The Earth's natural resources are there for us to use We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to keep us fed, comfortable, healthy and active If we are sensible in how we use the resources, they will (35) _ indefinitely But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer
31 A Although B Still C However D Eventually 32 A into B from C at D for
33 A complete B completely C completion D incompleted 34 A development B result C reaction D product 35 A last B stand C go D remain
Read the passage below and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each question.
In many ways, the increasingly rapid pace of climate change is a direct result of the growth of the human population In the last 100 years, the world population has more than tripled Obviously, this has meant that the world has needed to produce three times as much food, energy, and other natural resources In addition, the average person uses more energy and natural resources than the average person one hundred years ago, meaning that the rates of consumption are actually much higher than just the increase in population would imply
All of these activities: food production, energy usage, and the use of natural resources, contribute to climate change in some way The greater amounts of oil and other fuels burned to create energy release chemicals which add to global warming In order to produce more food, farmers cut down trees to gain more land for their fields In addition, we cut down trees to build the houses needed for a larger population Those trees are an essential part of controlling global warming
(11)36 The word “pace” in the passage is closest in meaning to _.
A growth B speed C problem D pollution
37 Which word in the passage is closest in meaning to “three times”?
A double B 100 years C 1.3 billion D tripled 38 According to the passage, how does food production contribute to global warming?
A Food production requires that the forests be cleared to create farmland B Food production uses many chemicals which add to global warming C Producing more food leads to growth in the world population D Food production decreases the ability of the air to release heat
39 According to the passage, how does the standard of living affect global warming? A Higher standards of living are better for the environment
B First world nations create less population than developing nations C The use of natural resources is directly related to the standard of living D High standards of living lead to increases in world population
40 Why does the author discuss China, Japan and the United States? A To compare the standards of their citizens