aspectofconnectedspeech

CHAPTER 8: ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH Compiled by vanyendao.k7.Eng.hvu vanyendao.k7.Eng.hvu RHYTHM ASSIMILATION ELISION LINKING RHYTHM RHYTHM Rhythm of heart-beat THE RHYTHM 1.1 Definition: Rhythm is an event happening at regular internals of time 1.2 The rhythm: The rhythm of speech is the regular occurrence of stressed syllable at regular internals of time Example: He ar’rived ‘six o’clock ‘Walk ‘down to the ‘path to the 'end of the ca’nal English Rhythm Unit of rhythm (Foot) Stressed syllable + unstressed syllable Stress-time rhythm ASSIMILATION 2.1 Definition: Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds Ex: news /njuz/ but newspaper /njuspeipə/ This year / ðij jiə/ Want to / wɔnə/ 2.2 Types of assimilation Assimilation Direction of change Consonant can change In term of direction of change • Regressive assimilation: The phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that comes after it Example: This year / ðij jiə /, bright color /braik kalə/ light blue /laip blu/ • Progressive assimilation: The phoneme that comes first affects the one that comes after it Example: those year / ðəʊʒ jiə Assimilation of place of articulation Assimilation of place of articulation Assimilation of place of articulation Assimilation of manner • Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant Note: Note /ð/ follow a plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word Eg: get them /get ðəm/ → /gettəm/ in the /in ðə/ → /innə/ /inn Assimilation of voice • Only regressive assimilation of voice eg: I like that black dog / laik ðæt blæk dɔg/ → / laig ðæd blæg dɔg/ Elision • Definition Elision is the case of a sound realized as zero in casual, rapid speech • There can be vowel elision and consonant elision Example: vowel: tonight /tnait/ consonant: eight tins /eitins/ Rules of elision Rules of elision c Avoidance of complex consonant cluster: d Loss of /v/ in “of” of before consonant Example: Weak form Auxiliary verbs  Strong  Weak du: də are ɑ: ə(r)* was wɔ z wəz were w3:r wə   Strong Weak Prepositio ns     to tu: tə for fɔ:(r) fə(r) from frɔm frəm would Wud wəd could Kud kəd into Intu: Intə should ∫ud ∫əd of ov ə(v) kən as æz əz məs(t) at æt ət can must kæn mʌst Linking L i n k i n g is the phenomenon where words or sounds are linked together There are basic rules of linking Rules of linking: Rules of linking Linking * Note: Sometimes listeners have ambiguity in meaning with other words Example: /maitrein/: my train or might rain /aiskri:m/: Ice –cream or I scream