Công cuộc xóa đói giảm nghèo của lào cai từ 1998 đến 2010

CONG CUQC XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO CUA LAO CAI Tir 1998 DEN 2010 Nguyen Thi Nguyen* Quan diem, chii truong va chucng trinh xoa doi giam ngheo cua Dang va Nha nude ta 1.1 Quan diem, chii truang cua Dang vexda ddigidm ngheo Trong hoach dinh dudng Idi xay dyng dat nude Dang va Nha nude ta ludn xae dinh xda ddi, giam ngheo la mue lieu xuyen sudt qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, coi dd la mot nhirng nhiem vy quan trgng gdp phan phat trien dat nude theo dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa, hda nhap vao xu the phat trien cua khu vyc va the gidi Nhiem vu tang trudng va phat trien kinh te phai gan vdi viee giai quyet cae van de xa hdi, van de xda ddi giam ngheo (XDGN) duge xem la tinh chien luge nam chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua dat nude Cdng lac XDGN, chain lo cho ddng bao ngheo la mot ehuong trinh Idn cua r r qude gia, lam cho nhan dan thoat khdi ddi ngheo, timg bude duge am no, hanh phiie, vi vay Dang va Nha nude vira sue khuyen khich mgi ngudi lam giau hgp phap, vira nhat quan viee chi dao xoa ddi giam ngheo theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh: "Lam cho ngudi ngheo dii an, ngudi die an thi khd gldu, ngudl khd gldu thi gldu them, tieng bude thue hiin cdng bang xd hdi, tiin tdl lam cho mgl ngudl, mgl nha deu khd gld " Dang ta coi xoa ddi giam ngheo khdng chi la van de kinh te thuan tuy, ma la van de ket hgp giira kinh te va xa hdi, dd phai dam bao sy thong nhat bicn ehung giira chinh sach kinh te va chinh sach xa hdi Quan diem duge quan iriet nhan thue va thyc lien giai quyet timg nhiem vu cu the, tren ca ITnh vyc kinh te Ian cae van de xa hdi duge the hien viee thyc hien Idng ghep eac ehuong trinh, dy an vdi phuc vu cho mue dich xoa ddi giam ngheo Dang coi mue lieu XDGN la mgl nhGng mue lieu chien luge de dam bao phat trien ben vimg, thue day qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Nhiem vu tang trudng va phat trien kinh te phai gan vdi viee giai quyet cae van de xa hdi Xoa ddi NCS., Ban Tuyen giao Tinh uy Lao Cai Ho Chi Minh, Todn tap, tap 4, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi, 2000, trang 152 271 VIET NAM HOC -^ KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU giam ngheo la yeu Id co ban dh dam bao cdng bang xa hdi va lam tang trudng bin viing, nguge lai chi ed tang trudng cao, ben virng mdi cd sue manh vat chat d l hd trg va tao co hdi cho ngudi ngheo vuon len thoat khdi ddi ngheo Tu tudng dd duge xuyen sudt dudng Idi va thyc lien cdng cuoe xay dyng dat nude theo dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa tir sau Dai hdi Dang \hn thu VI den Dai hdi Vll xae dinh: "Tang trudng kinh ti, gdn lien vdi tlin bo vd cdng bang xd hdi tieng bude phdt triin, cdng bdng xd hoi thi hien cd khdu phdn phoi hgp ly tu lieu sdn Xudt Idn cd khdu phdn phdl kit qua sdn xyidt, ciing nine a diiu klin phdt trlin ndng lire cua mgl thdnh vlin cgng ddng"' Dang ta ludn coi XDGN la dieu kien, la lien de giir virng dn dinh chinh tri va xa hdi dong thdi la dieu kien co ban dam bao cho cdng euge ddi mdi theo dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa gianh Ihang Igi XDGN thi hien dudng Idi chinh tri, ban chat giai eSp diing dSn ciia Dang va Nha nude ta Trong "Chiln luge on dinh va phat triln kinh l l din nam 2000" da chi ro xa hdi ma ta dang xay dyng la "Xd hgl nhan dan lam ehu, nhan di, cd van hda, cd ky cuang, xda bo dp hire bat cdng, tgo diiu kien cho mgi ngudi cd cugc song dm no, tie do, hgnh phue"^ Tai FIdi nghi Trung uong (khoa VII) Dang da cu the boa them ehu truang: "Trg giup cho ngudl ngheo bdng each cho vay von, hudng ddn each lam dn, hlnh thdnh quy xoa ddi gldm ngheo a tieng dia phirang tren ca sd ghip ddn, Nha nude giup ddn vd tranh thu cdc khodn tdl trg quoc ti, phdn ddu tang ho gldu di ddi vdiXDGN""^ Din Dai hdi Vlll (6/1996), Dang la filp tuc khfing dinh: "Phdl ludn quan tarn hda ve Igi ich ciia ngirdi lao dong, vira khuyin khich lam gldu hgp phdp, vira coi trgng xoa doi giam ngheo, tieng bude thue hien cdng bdng xd hoi, tiin tdl lam cho mgi ngudi, mgi nha diu khd gld "^ Dai hdi dai bilu loan qude Ian thu IX cua Dang mot Im nGa khSng dinh ehu truang co ban cua xoa ddi giam ngheo la thyc hi^n ehuong trinh xoa ddi giam ngheo thong qua nhung bien phap cu thC% so vdi tinh hlnh tirng dia phuong sdm dat mue fieu khdng eon hd ddi ngheo.Trong chiln luge phat triln kinh l l xa hdi 2001 - 2010, ehu tiuong hoan thanli mue lieu chiln luge v l xoa ddi giam ngheo duge cu Ihl hda hon: "Nha nude tgo mdi trudng thuan Igi khuyen khich mgi ngudi ddn vtra?i len lam gidu chinh ddng vd giup da ngudi ngheo Phdn ddu den nam 2010 vi ca bdn khdng ho ngheo, thiedng xuyin ciing cd thdnh qua xoa ddi, gldm ngheo "^ Dang Cong san Viet Nam, 1991, Fan kien Dai hdi dgi biiu todn qude Idn thic VU, Nxb Sy that, Ha Noi, trang 8, 47 2, Dang Cong san Viet Nam, 1993, Nghi quyit Hoi nghi BCH TW Idn thir khod Vll, Nxb Sir that Ha Noi, trang 47, 92 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (1996), Van hen Dgi hgl Dgi biiu todn quSc idn thir Vlll, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi, trang 72 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2005), Van kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn qude Idn thir X, Nxb Chinh In quoc gia, Ha Noi, trang 740 272 CONG CUOC XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO Trudc tyu xda ddi giam ngheo chua that virng chic, sd hd ngheo va tai ngheo d mot sd vimg eon Idn, ti le hd ngheo theo lieu chudn mdi edn cao, Dai hdi Dai hieu loan qude Ian thu X dinh hudng: "Da dang hda cdc ngudn luc vd phuang thue thue hien xda doi gldm ngheo theo hudng phdt buy not luc vd kit hgp sir dung cd him qud sie trg giup cua qude ti Nha nude tap trung ddu tu xdy dung ca sd tang kinh ti, xd hgl vd trg giup vi diiu kien sdn xudt, ndng cao klin thue de ngudi nghej, ho ngheo, viing ngheo tu vuan lin thodt ngheo vd cat thlin mire song mot each ben virng'''' 1.2 Chuang trinh xoa ddigidm ngheo cua Dang vd Nha nude Viet Nam Tir ehu truang va quan diem xda ddi giam ngheo Dang va Nha nude da dh cae ehuong trinh va chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo cua Viet Nam Dai hdi VIII ciia Dang da de ehuong trinh XDGN vdi phuang cham thyc hien la: "Xdy dung vd phdt triin quy xoa ddi gldm ngheo bdng nhiiu ngudn von nude vd ngodl nude quan ly chat che, ddu tu dung doi tugng vd cd hieu qud"^ Ngay 14/01/1998, Thu tudng Chinh phu Quylt dinh sd 05/1998/QD - TTg phe duyel "Chuang trinh mue lieu qude gia xoa ddi giam ngheo 1998 - 2000"(Chuang trinh 133) va xae dinh day la mgl ehuong trinh mue lieu qude gia, la mot ehu truong Idn, mgl quye: sach Idn ciia Dang va Nha nude Quan diem xda ddi giam ngheo cua Dang giai Joan la: Xda ddi giam ngheo gan vdi tang trudng kinh te; phat buy ndi lye de ngudi ngheo, xa ngheo vuon len ty xda ddi giam ngheo; xoa ddi giam ngheo gan vdi (dug bang xa hoi, uu tien giai quyet cho xa ngheo, viing sau, viing xa, vung ddng bao dan toe, vimg can cu each mang eii; thyc hien xa hdi hda cdng lac xda ddi giarr ngheo "Chuong trinh phat triln kinh te - xa hdi cae xa dac biet khd khan, mier, mii, viing sau, vung xa" (ggi tat Chuong trinh 135) ed thm chiln luge lau dai ban /di thyc lien, nang cao nhanh ddi song vat chat, finh than cho ddng bao cae dan toe c eac xa dac biet khd khan mien nui, viing sau, vung xa, tao dieu kien dh dua ndng thdn cae viing thoat khdi tinh trang ngheo, lac hau, cham phat triln, hda ddng vdi sy phat trien cua ca nude, gdp phan dam bao trat ty an loan xa hdi, an ninh quoc phdng Tiep theo dd, trien khai thyc hien Nghi quyet Dai hdi IX vl xda ddi, gian ngheo, 27 thang 9/ 2001, Thu tudng Chinh phu tilp tuc phe duyel Chumg trinh mue lieu qude gia xda ddi giam ngheo va viee lam giai doan 2001200f, vdi quan diem xda ddi giam ngheo la sy nghiep each mang ciia loan dan, la chini sach xa hdi co ban ; phat trien kinh te di ddi vdi thyc hien xda ddi giam ngheo D:ng Cong san Viet Nam (2006), Van kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn quoc idn thu X, Nxb Chnh in quoc gia Ha Noi, trang 217 Dmg Cong san Viet Nam (1996), Van kien Dgi hoi Dgi biiu todn qude idn thir Vlll, Nxb Ch'nli tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, trang 125 273 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QUOC TE L A N THU TU* ben viing, gan xda ddi giam ngheo vdi phat trien kinh te ndng nghiep nong thdn, kinh te hd, djch vu, nganh nghe Trien khai thyc hien Nghi quyet Dai hdi X, 05/02/2007, Chinh phu Quyet dinh sd 20/2007/QD-TTg phe duyel Chuong trinh mue lieu qude gia giam ngheo giai doan 2006 - 2010 vdi mue fieu Idng quat: Day nhanh toe giam ngheo, ban che tai ngheo; ciing cd qua giam ngheo, tao co hdi cho hd da thoat ngheo vuon len kha gia; cai thien mgl bude dieu kien song va san xuat d cae xa ngheo, xa dac biet khd khan, ban che toe gia tang khoang each chenh lech vc thu nhap, mue song giiJa thi va ndng thdn, giiia ddng bang va mien mii, gitJa nhdni ho giau va nhdm hd ngheo Chu truong, chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo ciia Dang va Nha nude khdng chi da dem lai nhijng cdng to Idn ciia cdng cugc XDGN, gdp phan quan trgng sy nghiep phat trien dat nude ben virng, ma md dudng cho cae dia phuang phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, thyc hien xda ddi giam ngheo Thyc trang doi ngheo va cong cuoc xoa doi giam ngheo ciia Lao Cai 2.1 Khdi qudt ve tu nhien, tiem ndng vd Igi the ciia Lao Cai Tinh Lao cd vi tri chien luge quan trgng ca ve kinh te, chinh tri va quan sir Lao Cai nam chinh giiia vimg Ddng Bae va vimg Tay Bac ciia Viet Nam, each Ha Noi 296 km theo dudng sat va 345 km theo dudng bg Ve danh gidi, Lao Cai cd phia Ddng giap tinh Ha Giang, phia Tay giap tinh Lai Chau, phia Nam giap tinh Yen Bai, phia Bac giap tinh Van Nam (Trung Qude) vdi 203,5 km ducmg bien gidi Tren tuyen bien gidi tinh Lao Cai va Van Nam ed mot cua khau Qude te (Lao Cai Ha Khau), mgl cua kliau Qude gia (Mudng Khuong) va nhieu Idi md thong vdi tinh Van Nam (Trung Quoc) Tir vi tri dd, Lao Cai trd mot cua ngo quan trgng huyet mach giao thong dudng bg, dudng Ihiiy tren song Hdng va dudng sat tuyen hanh lang kinh te Cdn Minh - Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng, la can ndi, cua ngo khdng chi ciia Viet Nam ma ca eac nude ASEAN vdi thi trudng Van Nam va mien Tay Trung Qude, la trung lam ciia hanh lang Bac Nam hgp lac eac nude lieu vung sdng Me Kong (GMS) Lgi the so sanh dac biet gdp phan tliiic day Lao Cai phat trien de khing dinh vi the ciia mot tinh mien mil, bien gidi xu the hdi nhap Lao Cai cd ngudn tiem nang Id Idn de phat trien mot nen kinh te loan dien, viing chae, dd la tiem nang rirng, dat, khoang san, nude Dien tich rung va tru lugng go rimg ty nhien kha Idn, ciing vdi tham thyc vat phong phii la dieu kien thuan lgi de Lao Cai phat trien nen kinh te da dang nhu lam nghiep, ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep che bien Ngudn tai nguyen khoang san ciia Lao Cai kha ddi dao, la 274 CONG CUOC XOAOOI GIAM NGHEO tiem nang de Lao Cai phat trien cae nganh cdng nghiep Tai nguyen dat d Lao Cai da dang, phong phii, cd phi ty nhien kha cao, la dieu kien thuan lgi cho viee nhieu loai cay cd gia tri kinh te khae nhau, cd the phat trien cae viing san xuat hang hda tap trung Ben canh dd sy phong phii ve vanh dai hau tao kha nang to Idn cho Lao Cai phat trien eac dac san xu lanh nhu ran, boa qua, thao duge, ca nirde lanh Lao Cai ed he Ihdng sdng sudi kha day dac, duge phan bd kha deu tren dia ban tinh, tao nen mgl tril lugng nude mat Idn, la dieu kien thuan lgi cho Lao Cai san xuat ndng nghiep eQng nhu cae nganh kinh te khae Nhiing danh lam thang canh ndi tieng cung vdi sy phong phii ve ban sac va di san van hda da tao cho Lao Cai cd nhieu loai hinh du lieh doe dao Ngudn tiem nang to Idn va lgi the so sanh dac biet da tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho nen kinh te va mgi mat cua xa hdi Lao Cai phat trien loan dien, lam co sd cho Lao Cai lien hanh cdng lac XDGN 2.2 Thue trang vd nguyen nhan ddi ngheo d Lao Cai Khi mdi tai lap finh (10-1991), ti le ddi ngheo ciia Lao Cai la tren 50%, dd fi le ddi la 31% Den nam 1995, fi le ddi ngheo loan tinh khoang 33,8%, dd ddi khoang 15%, nam 1998 fi le ddi ngheo eiia Lao Cai la 24,9% cao hon nhieu so vdi ca nude (15,7%) Theo ehuan ngheo quy dinh tai Quyet dinh sd 1143/2001/QD.BLDTBXH thi fi le ddi ngheo ciia finh Lao Cai din nam 2001 la cdn 29,9%, dd sd hd ddi cdn chiem 6,9%, hd ngheo ehiem 23,0% va chia theo ' ? ' r f khu vyc thi ndng thdn ehiem Idi 88,2% Idng sd hd ddi ngheo Theo Quyet dinh sd 170/2005/QD - TTg, 8/7/2005, din nam 2006, Lao Cai cdn 50.105 hd ngheo, tuong ung 43,0% Khoang each ve thu nhap hinh quan/ngudi/thang giiia ngudi ngheo so vdi thu nhap binh quan ehung ciing nhu khoang each ve ty le ngheo giira ndng thdn va thi cdn Idn Trong Idng sd hd ngheo thi d ndng thdn ehiem ty le rat Idn (94,2%) Sd ngudi ddi ngheo tap trung chii yeu d eac xa dac biet khd khan (ehiem 78,1%) va dan toe thieu sd (ehiem 84,6%) Theo ehuan ngheo mdi, quy dinh tai Quylt dinh sd 09/2011/QD - TTg 30/01/2011 ciia Chinh phii, nam 2010 tren dia ban Lao Cai cd 42,99% hd ngheo, sd hd can ngheo ehiem 14,2% sd hd Ty le hd ngheo cdn cao so vdi cae tinh khae loan qude cGng nhu so vdi khu vyc Khoang each chenh lech ty le hd ngheo giiia ndng thdn va thi la 49,6% Hd ngheo la ngudi dan toe thieu sd chiem 82,2% Idng sd hd ngheoV Ddi ngheo ciia Lao Cai nhieu nguyen nhan gay Ngoai eac nguyen nhan xuat phat tir chinh ban than ngudi ngheo nhu thieu kien thue, ludi lao ddng, UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2006, De dn xda ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai doan 2001 -2005, trang 275 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU nhieu con, ddng ngudi an theo, thieu lao ddng, thieu von hoac su dung ngudn vdn vay chua cd hieu qua, gia dinh ed ngudi dau dm tan tat, edn cd cae nguyen nhan khae nhu tap quan canh lac lac hau, hau qua chien tranh nang ne, ca che chinh sach chua phu hgp va ddng bg ddi vdi san xuat, sy bat binh dang gidi va bao lire gia dinh cdn phd bien da anh hudng den ddi sdng ciia phu nil Ire em va lac ddng bat lgi ddi vdi gia dinh^v.v Ben canh dd, ddi sdng ciia ngudi ngheo edn chiu anh hudng nang ne ciia cae tac ddng khach quan nhu dieu kien dia ly, dia hinh, hau, thdi tiet khae nghiet, thieu dat san xuat, co sd tang yen kem, dudng giao thidng, mang ludi thdng tin va cae dich vu xa hdi khae chua dap ting yeu eau Nhirrig ngudi ed thu nhap thap, ngheo ddi klidng cd kha nang chdng chgi vdi nhiing biln cd thien tai, hau, benh dich gay ra,do vay hg cQng bi luan quan ddi ngheo Tren thyc te eac nguyen nhan thudng ket hgp dan xen, mdi hd ddi ngheo ed the nhieu nguyen nhan lac ddng, nhat la d nhiing hd ddng bao dan toe it ngudi, vung sau, viing xa Cd the ndi, ddi ngheo tai Lao Cai khdng chi nguyen nhan thuan tiiy tir kinh te dua lai, ma edn dan xen ca nhung nguyen nhan xa hdi 2.3 Chu truang xoa ddigidm ngheo cua Ddng bg Ldo Cai Trudc thyc trang ddi ngheo d Lao Cai la tir tai lap tinh (1991) den ludn la mot van de kinh te - xa hdi bue xiic, vi vay Dai hdi Dang bg ti nh Lao Cai Ian thu XII da xae dinh: "Giir viing dn dinh chinh tri, tap trung lanh dao phdt trlin cdc nganh, cdc linh vuc kinh ti mdi nhgn vd cai thien ddi song nhan ddn, tap trung day nhanh toe chuyen dich ca cdu kinh te, gidi quyet co hieu qud chuang trinh xoa ddi, gidm ngheo vd phdt triin ndng nghiep ndng thdn, nhat Id vimg cao, vung f F r •> sau phdn ddu din nam 2005 ndng ddn khdng hg ddi thudng xuyen vd dn dinh ddn cu, ca ban dinh canh cho gdn 10 van nhan khdu vimg cao "' Tiep do, Dai hdi Dang bg Lao Cai Ian thu XlII khang dinh:'7ao diiu klin cho ngudi ngheo tu chu qud trinh sdn xudt, nhdm gldm nhanh sd hg ddi ngheo tren dia ban; ndng cao chat lugng xoa ddi, gidm ngheo, timg bude thu hep khodng cdeh chenh lech ty le hg dot ngheo giiea cdc dia phuang vd giira cdc ddn toe dam bao qud trinh thodt ngheo mot each viing chdc''' De dat duge cae mue tieu tren, ddng thdi v.di thyc hien Chuang trinh mue fieu qude gia xda ddi giam ngheo giai doan 2001 - 2005, giai doan 2006 -2010, Tinh uy Lao Cai da xay dyng chuong trinh cdng lac trgng lam va td chuc thyc hien 27 de an, dd cd Be an xoa ddi, giam ngheo giai doan 2001 - 2005 va De an giam ngheo ben viing Lao Cai giai doan 2006 - 2010 Ban Chap hanh Dang bo tinh Lao Cai,2001 ,Fa« kien Dgi hdi Ddng Bg tinh Ldo Cai Idn th Xll, trang 37 Ban Chap hanh Dang bo linh Lao Cai,2006,F(3« kien Dgi hoi Ddng Bg tinh Lew Cai Idn th Xin, trang 38 276 CONGCUOCXOADOIGIAM NGHEO Can eu eac ehuong trinh XDGN da duge Trung uong phe duyet va eac nguyen nhan ddi ngheo cua Lao Cai, Tinh liy Lao Cai da chi dao xay dyng cae chuong trinh dy an Iricn kinh te, xa hdi Idng ghep vdi chuong trinh XDGN nham hd trg va phat huy ndi lye ciia nhan dan, nham: Tap trung vao viee dau tu xay dyng tang kinh te - xa hdi, trudc bet la giao thdng, chat Igp, nude sinh boat, chg, trudng hgc, tram y te va quy hoach sap xep dan eu de giam bdt khd khan ve thieu dat, thieu nude cho nhan dan theo cae de an cu the; hd trg tin dung va cae chinh sach khuyen khich cho eac chuong trinh phat trien san xuat ndng nghiep; tao dieu kien cho ngudi dan tiep xiic vdi tien bg khoa hgc ky thuat qua cae ehuong trinh khuyen ndng-khuyen lam; cai lao phong tuc tap quan lac hau, day manh thyc hien eac chinh sach xa hdi de ban che ty le tang dan sd, hd trg ngudi tan tat, thien tai nii ro; phat ddng phong irao xoa ddi giam ngheo rdng khap mgi tang Idp nhan dan Theo dd, eac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen va doan the tren dia ban Lao Cai da tich eye trien khai thyc hien Nghi quyet cua Trung uong, ciia Dang bg dia phuong, eac Chuang trinh mue lieu qude gia va cae de an xda ddi giam ngheo ciia dia phuong 2.4 Cong cuoc xoa ddi gidm ngheo ciia Ldo Cai tir nam 1998 den nam 2010 Tir nam 1999 den nam 2010, gan vdi eac Chuong trinh mue lieu qude gia ve phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, xda ddi giam ngheo, Lao Cai da thyc hien nhieu ehuong trinh, dy an hd trg, giiip dd ngudi ngheo dinh cu, phat trien san xuat, dn dinh va nang cao ddi sdng vat chat, nang cao trinh dan tri va da dat duge nhiing ket qua quan tiong, kit qua ciia giai doan trudc dat co sd cho giai doan tilp theo Chi tinh nam (1999-2000), Lao Cai da thyc hien nhieu chuong trinh Idng ghep nhu: Chuong trinh 135, Chuong trinh hd trg san xuat phat trien nganh nghe, ehuong trinh dinh canh dinh cu, di dan xay dyng md hinh vung kinh te mdi, Chuang trinh hd trg ddng bao dan toe dac biet khd khan Ket qua Lao Cai da xay dung duge 532 cdng trinh tang kinh te, van hda, xa hdi, bao gdm cdng trinh thiiy lgi, irudng hgc, nha van hda, chg, cdng trinh dien ludi, cdng trinh nude sach; hd trg cay con, trg eudc, trg gia vat tu ndng nghiep cho ndng dan, hudng dan hd ngheo va 700 hg gia dinh san xuat phi ndng nghiep Nhd vay, tinh trang di dan ty duge giam nhanh, nam 1999 cd 625 hd din nam 2000 chi cdn 85 hd Lao Cai da hd trg vdn fin dung cho ngudi ngheo phat trien kinh te la 86.910 trieu ddng vdi 37.802 lugt hd vay tir nhieu ngudn vdn khae nhau,' dd bao gdm ngudn vdn ngan hang, tin dung qude te Thdi gian nay, Lao Cai thyc hien cae chuong trinh nang cao nang lye can bg xda ddi giam ngheo va can bg xa ngheo, chuong trinh hd trg kham CBND tinh Lao Cai, 2002, De dn xda ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai doan 2001-2005; tringl,2,7, 277 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU chua benh cho ngudi ngheo, ho trg ngudi ngheo giao due va dao tao da tang cudng can bg cho 115 xa dac biet khd khan Id chuc dao tao 97 can bg xa ngheo va can bg co sd, vdi Idng kinh phi dau tu la 1031 trieu ddng; mien giam hoc phi cho 33212 lugt hgc sinh vdi sd fien la 938 trieu ddng, hd trg vd vill va sach giao khoa cho hgc sinh vdi kinh phi la 2445 trieu ddng Ngoai ra, Chuang trinh xoa doi giam ngheo edn thyc hien Idng ghep vdi eac chuang trinh khae nhu dan sd kl hoach hda gia dinh, phdng chdng ma liiy, HIV/AIDS, nude sach va ve sinh moi trudng ndng thdn v.v Ve hgp lac qude ll, nam da ed 14 Id chuc phi chinh phii vien trg vdn NGO vao Lao Cai vdi long sd vdn dau tu la 12.287 trieu ding, eac ITnh vyc phat trien ndng lam nghiep, hd trg co sd vat chk cho y ll, giao due, phat trien eac nganh nghe, cap nude sinh boat ndng thdn, khae phuc thien lai, xda ddi giam ngheo' Qua nam thyc hien xda ddi giam ngheo, finh Lao Cai da tirng bude chuyln dich CO eau kinh te tao nhieu san pham hang hda, giai quyet viee lam cho ngudi lao ddng, ddi sdng nhan dan duge cai thien, thu nhap binh quan theo GDP lu 1,940 trieu ddng/ngudi nam 1998 len 2,258 trieu ddng/ngudi nam 2000"^ mue hu(ing thu ve van hda xa hdi ciia ngudi dan duge nang len, co sd lang ndng thdn duge cai thien dang ke Ban than ngudi ngheo cd chuyen bien ve nhan thue, nhieu hg da nd lye vuon len thoat khdi ddi ngheo Tuy nhien, ket qua ciia cdng tac xda ddi giam ngheo nhilu noi chua vung chae, nhat la viing cao, den nam 2000, fi le ddi ngheo ciia tinh Lao Cai cdn cao so vdi ea nude, dd cd bdn huyen ed ly le hd ddi ngheo cao tren mue 40?/o, dd la huyen Simacai Mudng Khuong, Bac Ha, Than Uyen Trong sd eac hd duge danh gia la trung binh nhung thyc chat ddi song edn rk nhilu khd khan, thu nhap khdng dn dinh, dung trudc nguy co tai ngheo, cdng tac xda ddi giam ngheo cdn nhilu khd khan Mle dii vay, ket qua dat duge nam thyc hien ehuong trinh xda ddi giam ngheo da tao co sd cho Lao Cai thyc hien xoa ddi, giam ngheo giai doan tiep theo Trong nam (2001-2005), thyc hien Chuong trinh mue lieu quoc gia xda ddi giam ngheo va De an xda ddi giam ngheo Lao Cai giai doan 2001 -2005, Lao Cai da huy ddng nhieu ngudn kre, thyc hien ddng bg nhieu chuong trinh, dy an va chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo, tao duge btrde chuyen biln tich eye tren cae ITnh vyc, giam nhanh ty le ddi ngheo cua dia phuong Thdng qua viee thyc hien ehuong trinh, nhan thue ve trach nhiem ciia eac nganh cae cap, ciia ngudi dan ndi ehung va ngudi 1,2 UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2002, De dn xda ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai doan 2001'2005; trang 1, 2, 7, 278 CONG CUOC XOADOI GIAM NGHEO ngheo ndi rieng cd sy chuyen bien Thyc hien chuong trinh da tao duge phong trao XDGN sau rdng tren khap eac dia phuong, bude dau theo phuong cham xa hdi hda, thu hiit sy tham gia tich eye eiia loan xa hdi Lao Cai da td chuc thyc hien ed hieu qua eac chinh sach, dy an hd trg trye tiep ngudi ngheo Thyc hien chinh sach tin dung ndng thdn va tin dung cho ngudi ngheo, Lao Cai da cho hd san xuat ndng, lam nghiep va hd ngheo vay 376,681 ty ddng vdi 84.152 lugt hd duge vay Nhd dd, cae hd ngheo ed vdn phat trien san xuat, nang cao thu nhap, cai thien ddi sdng, vuon len thoat khdi ddi ngheo.Trong viee thyc hien chinh sach hd trg chat Igp va nude an cho ngudi ngheo, Lao Cai da uu lien dau tu cho eac hd ngheo thude cae xa dac biet khd khan.Thdi gian nay, chinh sach hd trg giao due duge tinh Lao Cai trien khai thyc hien da thyc hien cd y nghTa thiet thyc ddi vdi hgc sinh ngheo Trong nam, da ed 543.450 hgc sinh cae xa 135 duge hd trg sach giao khoa, van phdng pham, vdi sd tien la 21.090 trieu ddng; ed 103.406 hge sinh duge mien giam hgc phi va cae khoan ddng gdp voi sd tien la 22.383 trieu ddng Chinh sach hd trg y te cho ngudi ngheo duge Lao Cai van dung thyc hien nhieu each lam de giiip ngudi ngheo tiep can vdi dich vu y te, nhu cap the bao hiem y te, kham ehiia benh mien phi, cap phat thude cho 1.435.646 lugt ngudi viing ddng bao dan toe thieu sd viing dac biet khd khan, vdi kinh phi la 34.677 trieu ddng Lao Cai cdn thire hien chinh sach trg gia, trg eudc eac mat hang vat tu ndng nghiep cho ndng dan vdi Idng kinh phi 47,711 ty ddng ' Cac dir an thuoc chuong trinh xoa doi giam ngheo ciing duge tinh Lao Cai filn hanh ddng bg, dem lai hieu qua kinh te - xa hdi thiet thyc ddi vdi ngudi ngheo Trong dd, dy an hudng dan each lam an cho hd ngheo, khuyen ndng, khuyen lam da tap huan cho 69.854 lugt ngudi, xay dyng 1.565 md hinh trinh dien khuyen ndng, vdi L826 lap tap huan, cap phat tai lieu ky thuat va day manh tuyen truyen cho ngucri ngheo Cae dy an dinh canh dinh cu, qui hoach, sap xep dn dinh dan cu eac xa ving cao bien gidi, xa dac biet khd khan da sap xep dn dinh cho 7.121 hd khdi viing khd khan, nguy hiem den noi d mdi va dn dinh ddi sdng cho 66.127 hd Trong nam (2001-2005) da ed 1.613 hd duge hudng lgi tii viee xay dyng cae md hinh phat triln nganh nghe ndng thdn, ed 16.000 hd duge tir dy an hd trg san xuat, che bien lieu thy san pham Dy an md hinh XDGN bat dau tir nam 2004, da xay dyng dy an md hinh XDGN tai xa thude huyen Bat Xat, Mudng Khuong, Van Ban, vdi Idng sd vdn U3ND tinh Lao Cai,2007, De dn xda ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai doan 2006 -2010, phu bieu U3ND tinh Lao Cai (2007), De dn xoa ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai dogn 2006 -2010., tr 279 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU thyc hien la 2.105,54 trieu ddng Cae md hinh da giiip tren 30%) hd ngheo tham gia dy an thoat ngheo nam 2004 Dy an xay dimg va nang cao nang lye ddi ngQ can bg lam cdng tac XDGN da co tri duge bien che chuyen trach hoac phan cdng can bg theo ddi XDGN d eac cap, da bdi dudng nang cao nang lye cho 4.671 lugt can bg chii yeu la cap huyen va cap xa Thyc hien cae chuang trinh, dy an Idng ghep da dat kit qua Iren mgl sd phuong dien, gdp phan quan trgng vao viee xoa ddi giam ngheo ciia dia phuong Dy an xay dyng va nang cao nang lye ddi ngii can bg XDGN giiip cho can bg co sd nam virng hon eac kien thue co ban ve td chuc thyc hien nhiem vu, tir dd gdp phan nang cao hieu qua eiia viee thyc hien cae ehu truong, chinh sach ve phat trien kinh le, xa hdi va XDGN d co sd Kit qua thyc hien dy an dinh canh dinh cu da dua den sy hinh nhieu diem dan cu lap trung, nhu Trung lam cum xa, thdn ban mdi, nang cao hieu qua su dung cdng trinh, lao thuan lgi cho viee quy hoach nhiing vung san xuat chuyen canh Cdng lac dao tao nghe va giai quylt viee lam duge trien khai thyc hien cd ket qua Trong nam, Lao Cai da giai quylt viee lam mdi cho 56.920 lao ddng, binh quan 11.384 lao ddng/nam Thyc hien cac dy an hd trg san xuat, che bien tieu thy, phat triln nganh nghi ndng thdn da nang ty le CO gidi boa cae khau lam dat, thu hoach, nang cao gia tri san pham sau thu hoach nhat la cac vimg trgng diem tham canh Vdi viee long ghep eac chuong trinh nhu hd trg dau tu co sd tang cae xa dac bi$t khd khan, bao gdm Chuang trinh 135, WB, 186, 120, cae xa vung II, Lao Cai da dm tu 2.047 ty ddng xay dyng duge 1.523 cdng trinh co sd tang thiet yeu eac loai nhu giao thong, thuy lgi, trudng hgc, tram xa, chg, nude sinh boat ' Nhd biet van dung sang tao dudng Idi, chii truong eiia Trung uong, biet khai thac tiem nang, the manh ciia dia phuong de trien khai thyc hien Chuong trinh mue lieu qude gia ve XDGN va de an Xda ddi giam ngheo tinh Lao Cai giai doan 2001 2005, cdng eudc xda ddi giam ngheo ciia Lao Cai dat duge ket qua bude dau rat quan trgng Ket qua dat duge cdng cugc xoa ddi giam ngheo da gdp phan thue day kinh te, xa hdi phat trien va lam chuyen bien ve mgi mat kinh le - xa hoi Lao Cai Sau nam thyc hien ehuong trinh XDGN, ty le hd ngheo tren dia ban finh giam xudng cdn 6,9%, binh quan mdi nam giam duge 4,3%) Tuy vay giai doan nay, cdng tac xoa ddi giam ngheo d Lao Cai cdn cd nhiing khd khan ban che nhu: Do ngudn vdn cho vay it, sd hd ngheo rhieu, nen mue cho vay cdn thap, mang ludi khuyen ndng co sd cdn mdng va yeu dac biet la d thdn ban vimg sau vimg cao, mgl sd boat ddng chua sal va phii hgp vdi nhu eau ciia UBND tinh Lao Cai (2007), De dn xda ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai dogn 2006 -20!0, tr 280 CONGCUOCXOADOlGlAMNGHeO ngudi dan, cae hge sinh ngheo d cae xa khdng phai xa 135 ciing chua duge hudng chinh sach hd trg hgc phi, van phdng pham, chat lugng dich vu kham chira benh d lu>'en y le co sd cdn nhieu ban che, viee cap phat the kham chiia benh cdn cham, viee cap va su dung thude hieu qua chua cao Do dieu kien canh tac d mien mii khd CO gidi boa, mgl sd may ndng eu duge cung cap hieu qua su dung thap Tap quan san xuat edn lac hau, nganh nghe chua phat trien, trinh tham canh thap, viee di chuyen, sap xep dan cu cdn cham cdng lac khao sat, qui hoach cdn ban che, eac diem dan cu edn phan tan, khd dau tu cac cdng trinh tang thiet yeu va chua hinh duge eac vung san xuat chuyen canh qui md Idn Dao tao nghe cho ndng dan trien khai cham, ty le ed viee lam sau dao tao cdn thap Tir ban che tren dan den kit qua xoa ddi, giam ngheo chua ben viing, ti le sd hd can ngheo cdn cao, khoang each chenh lech ve thu nhap gitta cac hg, nhdm hg, giira cae viing va cae dan toe edn Idn, xa hdi hda cdng lac XDGN chua phat trien manh Tren co sd ket qua dat duge va ban che eiia cdng eudc xda ddi giam ngheo giai doar 2001 - 2005, Lao Cai trien khai thyc hien Chuang trinh mue fieu qude gia XDGN giai doan 2006 - 2010 va De an xda ddi giam ngheo bin virng giai doan 2006 - 2010 eiia tinh Giai doan nay, Lao Cai thyc hien ddng bg eac dy an, chinh sach XDGN mot each ddng bg tir cap tinh den co sd Mat Iran Td qude va cae doan the r.han dan da phdi hgp triln khai, td chuc thyc hien cae chinh sach, dy an, ddng thdi giam sat viee td chuc thyc hien tren co sd pham vi boat ddng va chuc nang, nhien vu quy dinh Cac mue lieu, ndi dung, bien phap xoa ddi giam ngheo duge dua vao chuong trinh boat ddng eu the giiip ngudi ngheo phat trien san xuat Cac ngarh, cae cap chinh quyen dia phuong da ed sy phdi hgp vdi eac co quan chire nang day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, qua dd da tao sy chuyen bien ve nhan thue phiit buy sy tham gia tich eye ciia loan xa hdi ndi ehung va ngudi ngheo ndi rieng vao cdng tac xoa ddi giam ngheo giai doan mdi Hang nam, tinh Lao Cai da uu lien 65-70% vdn ngan sach nha nude dau tu phat trien cho ndng thdn, viing cao, nhieu dy an, chinh sach giam ngheo duge thyc hien ddng bg va phii hgp da cd tac cdng hd trg manh me giiip nhieu hd ngheo nhanh chdng thoat ngheo Ngudn lye thyc hien De an da duge quan tarn hon giai doan trudc Trong nam, triln khai de an xda ddi giam ngheo ben vung,vdi tdng kinh phi la 1.156.520 trieu ddng, Lao Cai da thyc hien cd hieu qua cac chinh sach, dy an hd trg trye tiep cho ngudi ngheo Den narr 2010, cd gan 81.642 lugt hd ngheo duge vay vdn, vdi tdng sd tien la 975.913 triei ddng Nhin ehung hau bet ngudi dan thude ddi tugng thy hudng deu duge tiep can v^a su dung cd hieu qua ngudn vdn vay Cae chinh sach tin dung uu dai cho hg U3ND tinh Lao Cai, 2012, De dn gidm ngheo ben vieng Ldo Cai giai dogn 2011 - 2015; tnng 281 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU ngheo, hd ddng bao dan Idc dac biet khd khan da gdp phan quan trgng giiip hd ngheo phat trien san xuat vuon len ty thoat ngheo Thyc hien chinh sach khuyen ndng, khuyen ngu va hd trg phat trien nganh nghe, vdi kinh phi thyc hien la 5196 trieu ddng, tir 2006 den 2010, Lao Cai da to chuc mang ludi can bg khuyen ndng cho 152 xa, xay dyng duge 26 md hinh khuyen ndng, md hinh hd trg phat trien san xuat vdi 3001 lugt ngudi duge tap huan, hd trg 533 ndng eu cho 835 hd trinh dien va mgl sd md hinh xda ddi giam ngheo' Ket qua cua cae md hinh lam co sd cho viee nhan rdng tren dia ban giiip cho eac hd duge tiep can vdi khoa hge ky thuat, thay ddi each nghT, each lam de nang cao nang suat, thu nhap tren don vi dien tich cay va vat nudi Bang cae ngudn vdn Chuong trinh giam ngheo, Chuang trinh 135, trg gia, trg eudc, Nghi quyet 30a, vdi tdng sd gan 70 ty ddng hd trg, nam, Lao Cai da mua tren 12.000 may mde thiet bi, 150 nghin tan phan bdn, vat lu ndng nghiep cho khoang 420 nghin lugt hd ndng dan duge hudng Igi^ Qua eac chinh sach hd trg vay vdn, xay dyng cae ind hinh khuyen ndng, phat trien san xuat da gdp phan nang cao nang lye eiia can bg cap xa, ciing vdi cdng tac truyen thdng bang nhieu hinh thue nhu xay dyng phdng sy, td roi da lam chuyen bien va nang cao nhan thiic eiia ngudi dan viee xda ddi giam ngheo, phat trien kinh te theo hudng san xuat hang hda Trong nhan dan, ngudi ngheo la dan toe thieu sd tiep tuc cd chuyen bien manh ve nhan thue dc ly vuon len, nhieu hd cd each lam hay, hieu qua vuon len thoat ngheo va phan dau lam giau Da xuat hien mgl sd xa dien hinh phat trien san xuat, xda ddi giam ngheo nhu: Xa Nam Mdn (huyen Bac Ha) da ty lien he vdi cac trung lam gidng ndng lam nghiep finh de td chue vay gidng tra cham cho nhan dan san xuat, dd uu lien cho hg ngheo; xa Quang Kim (huyen Bat Xat) thyc hien nhieu md hinh hieu qua kinh te cao nhu nudi tdm cang xanh, trdng Ire lay mang; thdn Na Ldc (xa Ban Lau, huyen Mudng Khuong) dua cay dua, cay chudi vao trdng d dat vudn ddi va nhirng dien tich liia nude hieu qua kinh te thap Den nam 2010, tren dia ban Lao Cai da cd tren 75% sd hd thdn vuon len trd hd kha, giau Mot sd hg d xa Cdc San, huyen Bat Xat; xa Bao Nhai, huyen Bac Ha; xa VTnh Yen, huyen Bao Yen; xa Liem Phii, huyen Van Ban, da thay ddi each nghT, each lam, manh dan dau tu, ap dung khoa hgc ky thuat de phat trien kinh te hd, trang irai, thu nhap binh quan hang nam ciia cac hg dat hang tram trieu ddng va giiip duge mot sd hd khae thoat ngheo 1, UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2012, De dn gidm ngheo ben virng Ldo Cai giai dogn 2011 - trang 282 CONG CUOC XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO rhye hien chinh sach hd trg giao due cho hge sinh ngudi dan ldc thieu sd, hge sinh thude xa dac biet khd khan va hgc sinh cd hoan canh dac biet, vdi kinh phi 29.431 trieu ddng, nam, Lao Cai da mien giam hge phi cho 115.500 lugt hgc sinh iigheo, cap phat, hd trg van phdng pham cho gan 334.899 nghin lugt hge sinh, gdp phan quan trgng nang ly le huy ddng hgc sinh Idp, giam bdt khd khan cho cac ho ngheo, giiip eac em yen lam hgc tap Ve y te, Lao Cai da cap the bao hiem y te cho 1.816.263 lugt ngudi ngheo, td chuc kham chiia benh cho tren 900 nghin lugt ngudi ngheo vdi kinh phi 237.100 trieu ddng '.Viee ngudi ngheo duge tiep can vdi dich vu va hudng chinh sach hd trg kham chiia benh mien phi, gdp phan tirng bude xoa bd nhimg hu tuc lac hau quan niem, bien phap chiia benh etia cae dan ldc thieu sd Tir nam 2006 den nam 2010, da cd 17.426 hd ngheo, hd vung dac biet khd khan duge hudng lgi tir chinh sach hd trg nha d, dat d, dat san xuat, nude sinh boat cho hd ngheo Chinh sach da dap ung duge nguyen vgng eiia nhan dan, gdp phan dn dinh va nang cao ddi sdng cho ngudi ngheo tren dia ban tinh Lao Cai Thdi gian nay, Lao Cai da xay dyng duge md hinh XDGN tai xa tren dja ban huyen, vdi kinh phi thyc hien la 1.544 trieu ddng Viee xay dung eac md hinh XDCN da lao duge nhiing md hinh mang tinh tich eye, hieu qua, cd kha nang nhan rdng tren dien rdng de cae hd ngheo vuon len thoat ngheo ben vimg Thyc hien chinh sach hd trg dao tao nghi, Lao Cai da hd trg day nghe cho 4.577 ngudi ngheo, kinh phi tiyc hien la 1.540 trieu ddng^ giiip hg cd kien thue, tay nghe phat trien kinh te, ty vuon len thoat khdi ngheo Bang viee Idng ghep cae ngudn vdn nhu Chuong trinh 135, Nghi quyet 37, Quyet dinh 120, Chuong trinh bd tri lai dan cu, Dy an WB, Nghi quyet 30a, trai phieu Chinh phii va eac ngudn vdn khae vdi long sd kinh phi da dau tu khoang 1.700 ty ddng cho tren 600 danh mue cdng trinh bao gdm giao thdng, thuy Igi, nude sinh boat, di$n, trudng hgc, chg, nha van boa v.v da gdp phan quan trgng de dua kinh te - xa hdi vung ndng thdn Lao Cai phat triln vdi dien mao mdi, tao nin tang trien khai Chuong tiinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi cac giai doan tiep theo Ngoai ra, de gdp phan giam bdt khd chan cho ngudi ngheo, UBND finh Lao Cai cdn phan cdng 109 co quan giiip da 95 xi thude Chuong trinh 135 dudi nhieu hinh thure nhu quyen gdp lien, quan ao, dau tu sua chira dudng giao thdng, nha Idp hgc, nha d cho hgc sinh, hd trg thiet hi van phdrg, trudng hge UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2012, De dn gidm ngheo ben vidig Ldo Cai giai dogn 2011 - 2015; trmg 2 UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2012, Di dn gidm ngheo bin viing Ldo Cai giai dogn 2011 - 2015, trmg 2, 283 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TlT Nham nang cao nang lye can bd lam cdng tac XDGN, Lao Cai da dau tu 1632 trieu ddng md cae Idp dao tao, bdi dudng cho can bd vdi cho 1957 lugt ngudi tham gia.Td chuc trg giiip phap ly cho 869 lugt la ngudi dan toe thilu sd, ddi tugng chinh sach Ire em vi nien, ddi tugng HIV, ngudi gia ed don khdng noi nuong lya, ngudi tan tat Hoat ddng duge thyc hien dudi nhilu hinh thue nhu phdng sy, td roi da gdp phan nang cao nhan thue va trach nhiem eiia cdng ddng ddi vdi cdng eudc xda ddi giam ngheo Cae ehuong trinh, de an, dy an duge thyc Idng ghep tren loan bd cae ITnh vyc da tao ngudn lye quan trgng cdng tac giam ngheo ben viing, gdp phan nang cao thu nhap va ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than eiia nhan dan cac dan ldc, giam ly le hd ngheo tren dia ban tu 43,01% (nam 2005) xudng edn 16,68%) (nam 2010), so vdi ea nude giam tir 22% nam 2005 xudng cdn 9,45%) nam 2010 Cd 5/9 huyen dat mue giam ty le hd ngheo tren 5%/nam, dd huyen ed ty le giam cao la Simacai (7,61%), Mudng Khuong (6,05%)) Ty le hd ngheo la ddng bao dan ldc thieu sd giam tir 85,8%) tdng sd hd ngheo xudng edn 82,8% Thu nhap ciia ngudi dan duge nang len dang ke, chenh lech ty le hd ngheo giiia eac vung da dan duge Ihii hep, khoang each ty le ngheo giira ndng thdn nam 2006 la 34,72%o den nam 2010 chi edn la 19,85% Sd hg ngheo giiia cac dan ldc dan duge thu hep, nam 2006 dan ldc Mdng cd sd hd ngheo cao nhat, chiem 40,85%, din nam 2010 giam xudng cdn 38,83%o long sdhg ngheo' Nhin ehung cdng cugc xda ddi giam ngheo ciia Lao Cai tir nam 1998 den nam 2010 da dat duge ket qua dang ghi nhan Thyc hien cae ehuong trinh mue tieu qude gia va chuong trinh, de an giam ngheo ciia dja phuong, Lao Cai da huy ddng duge ngudn lye Idn xay dyng co sd tang kinh te - xa hdi ndng thdn viing khd khan, ho trg, tao dieu kien ve vdn va tap huan, hudng dan ngudi ngheo phat triln san xuat Cac dy an va cac chinh sach hd trg ngudi ngheo duge thyc hien ddng bg tao dieu kien cho ngudi ngheo phat trien kinh te, vuon len thoat ngheo Cdng cugc XDGN eiia Lao Cai da gdp phan lam cho co eau kinh te ciia finh ed nhirng bude chuyen dich manh, tao nhieu san pham hang hda, giai quyet viee lam cho mot lye lugng Idn lao ddng, dac biet la lao ddng d ndng thdn Bd mat ndng thdn vimg cao, bien gidi cd nhieu ddi mdi, tien bd, co sd lang phat trien vdi tdc cao, ddi sdng cua ngudi dan cd nhiing thay ddi tich eye He thdng td chuc, lye lugng, chat lugng doi ngii can bd lam cdng lac XDGN tu huyen den cac thdn ban ludn duge ciing cd va boat ddng ed hieu qua hon, timg bude dap ung duge yeu eau thyc te He thdng chinh sach ciia Dang, Nha nude va co che, chinh sach etia tinh ddi vdi viing ngheo UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2012, De dn gidm ngheo ben virng Ldo Cai giai dogn 2011 - 201 trang 2, 284 CONG CUOC XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO xa ngheo, hd ngheo, ngudi ngheo da duge quan lam triln khai kip thdi, ed hieu qua, duge ddng dao quan chiing nhan dan lin tudng va nhiel finh ung hd Chenh lech vl ty le ngheo giua cae huyen thu hep so vdi trudc Sd hd thoat ngheo tang len qua eac nam lao duge niem tin ciia nhan dan eac dan ldc vao sy lanh dao eiia Dang, vao dudng Idi ddi mdi ciia dk nude Cd duge nhiing kit qua tren, trudc hit la Dang bd, chinh quyin finh Lao Cai da van dung sang tao Nghi quylt eiia Dang vao thyc tiin cua dia phuong, da Ihye hien ddng bd eac giai phap vl xoa ddi giam ngheo thdng qua viee xae dinh diing nhung ITnh vyc lam, trgng dilm, nhiing film nang, Ihl manh, nhiing khau dot pha va cd bude di phii hgp Chii truong, dudng Idi ciia Dang bd dia phuong duge cu Ihl boa, cae co ehl, chinh sach duge ban hanh kip thdi Cae dl an thude chuong trinh, 29 dl an va chuang trinh hudng vl co sd duge triln khai thyc hien hieu qua da Ihtic dhy nIn kinh ll phat triln cao, da tao duge ngudn lye to Idn cdng eudc xoa ddi giam ngheo Dang bd Lao Cai da phat huy duge truyin thdng doan ket thdng nhat cao, thirc hien tdl nguyen tac tap trung dan chii, khoi day duge sue manh doan kit eiia nhan dan cac dan ldc, cae lye lugng xa hdi, lao duge sy phdi hgp chat che va sy ddng thuan eiia cac co quan, ban nganh cdng tac XDGN lam cho cdng lac XDGN lung bude xa hdi hda Dae biet, Lao Cai bill khai thae cac the manh tinh, cua lung dja phuong dh dinh hudng cho nhan dan lap trung phat trien san xuat chuyen canh vung cay cdng nghiep, cay an qua, phat triln chan nudi nham gdp phhn XDGN cho nhan dan Cac co ehl, chinh sach eiia Trung uong ve chuong trinh giam ngheo ed nhilu ddi mdi va hoan chinh phu hgp vdi finh hinh phat rien kinh ll xa hdi va nhu eau eiia ngudi dan Cac d p liy, chinh quyIn khdng ngirng doi mdi phuong thue lanh dao, chi dao, diiu hanh, quan lam, sau sat co sd, chii trgng cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng, nang cao nhan thue, nang lye va finh ehu ddng cdng lac ciia ddi ngu can bd, nhat la can bd co sd va ngudi lao ddng Ben canh nhung kit qua dat duge, cdng tac XDGN ciia tinh Lao Cai cdn cd nhiing mat ban che, dd cung la nhiing khd khan lau dai c k tap trung giai quylt ciia Lao Cai nhiing giai doan filp theo Khd khan Idn nhat la kit qua xda ddi giam ngheo ciia Lao Cai chua thyc sy bin vung, ty le hd ngheo edn cao, hd can ngheo tren dia ban tinh cdn nhilu vay ti le phat sinh va tai ngheo van cdn cao, chenh lech hu nhap giGa cae hd, nhdm hd, eac vung, cac dan ldc cdn Idn.Theo tieu chi mdi, !en bet nam 2010, sd hd ngheo ciia Lao Cai la 61.041 hd, tuong ung 42,99% Ty le cao so vdi cac tinh khae loan qude cung nhu so vdi khu vyc Hd nghec d ndng thdn, ngudi dan toe thilu sd, d eac xa dac biet khd khan ehilm ty le rit Idn (chiem 82,2%) Trong dd dan ldc Phii La ehilm 84,2%, Mdng ehilm 82,2%, Niing ehilm 75,1%, Dao ehilm 71,8% Sd hd ngheo lai chii ylu tap trung vao cae 285 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TlT huyen vung cao va cae xa 135 nhu Sa Pa,Bae Ha, Mudng Khuong, Simacai Khoang each vl thu nhap binh quan/ngudi/thang giGa ngudi ngheo so vdi thu nhap binh quan ehung cdn Idn Thu nhap binh quan cua hd ngheo 120.000d/ngudi/lhang, dd thu nhap binh quan ehung la 416.600d/ngudi/lhang Khoang each chenh lech hd ngheo giiia ndng thdn va thi cdn Idn (49,5%)) Sd hd ngheo chua su dung dien sinh boat la 13.197 hd, chiem 21,6% tdng sd hd ngheo So hd ngheo dang d nha lam hoac khdng ed nha la 10.059 hd, ehiem 16,5%) tdng sd hg ngheo loan tinh'.Co sd ting cae xa vung cao, bien gidi cdn nhieu khd khan, nhilu thdn ban chua ed dudng giao thdng lien thdn, nhieu vimg dat giap gianh bien gidi chua duge soal bom edn sdl lai lu chien tranh bien gidi, gay nhieu kho khan cho viee dn dinh sap xip dan eu bien gidi cung nhu viee huy ddng nhan dan Idi dinh eu tai cac vung giap bien gidi Mat khae thu nhap eiia hd ngheo chii yeu lir san xuat ndng nghiep la chinh, nen phu thude rat nhieu vao thien nhien, va thi Irudng lieu thy san pham, nhilu san pham lam nhung khdng cd thi trucmg lieu thu, ngudi dan khdng thu hdi duge ngudn vdn da bd Day la ban che chinh lam cho ly le tai ngheo cao lai cae xa dac biet khd khan d cac huyen vung cao, bien gidi cua tinh Lao Cai Kit qua thoat ngheo chua ben virng, thu nhap eiia cae hg can ngheo, hd mdi thoat ngheo edn bap benh, ddi sdng cdn gap nhieu khd khan, gap thien lai hoac riii ro dot xuk se khd chdng dd va de tai ngheo Han che cua cdng cuoc XDGN ciia Lao Cai la nhieu nguyen nhan Trong cd mgl bg phan khdng nhd ngudi ngheo, xa ngheo vln cdn tu tudng y !ai, trdng cho vao sy hd trg cua Nha nude va cdng ddng, chua ty lye vuon len thoat ngheo, khdng mudn khdi dien hd ngheo Co ehl, chinh sach, dy an thude Chuang trinh XDGN nhin ehung chua phti hit sd hd ngheo, nhat la ngudi ngheo dan ldc thieu sd d viing cao, vimg sau Ngudn lye huy dong cho chuang trinh XDGN han che, chua dap ung duge vdi yeu clu dat Mot s6 dia phuang chua chu ddng huy dgng ngudn lye tai chd hoac huy ddng chua tuong xiing vdi tiem nang, cdn trdng chd vao sy giiip dd ciia finh Viee huy ddng sy tham gia ddng gdp cua hd ngheo, ciia doanh nghiep vao chuong trinh XDGN edn ban ehl, dd chua dap ung duge nhu cki ck\ ho trg cua ngudi ngheo Mue vay vdn tin dung cdn thap, thdi gian vay ngan han nen nhilu hd ngheo mudn san xudt kinh doanh nhung khd chgn lya loai hinh dau lu, cdn mgl bd phan hd ngheo chua filp can duge cac ngudn vdn, thieu eac dich vu hd trg di kem nen hieu qua su dung vdn thSp Co chi phan bd vdn giua cac dy an, giiia cac dia phuang edn chua hgp ly, dhu lu xay dyng co ban cdn linh trang dan irai thieu tap trung va keo dai vi vay d vung xa, vimg dac biet khd khan, co sd tang cdn UBND tinh Lao Cai, 2012, Di dn gidm ngheo bin virng Ldo Cai giai dogn 2011 - 201 trang 2, 286 CONG cuoc XOADOI GIAM NGHEO kem, kinh le cham phat trien Mgl sd co ehl chinh sach ho trg cdn bat cap, chua thyc sy phu hgp vdi ngudi ngheo, xa ngheo Viee Id chuc thyc hien cac chinh sach va sy phdi hgp giOa eac cap cae nganh viee Idng ghep eac ehuong trinh, dy an vdi chucmg trinh XDGN va giua eac dl an chuong trinh XDGN edn ban ehl, chua thyc sy kip thdi va ddng bd Viee chi dao va Id chuc thyc hien eac dy an Idng ghep XDGN giiia eac xa ea viing thap va vung cao khdng ddng dIu Ddi ngu can bd XDGN cdn thieu ve sd lugng, yeu ve nang lye, chua dap ung duge yeu cm He thdng dao tao nghe phat trien cham, boat ddng khuyin ndng cdn ban ehl, lao ddng ndng thdn, ndng nghiep chua qua dao lao ehilm ty le Idn Cac boat ddng kinh ll cua nhan dan vung cao cdn lae hau va chua thoat khdi ty tiic, ty cap Trinh dan tri cQng nhu kien thue lam an ciia ngudi ngheo, ngudi tuoi lao ddng edn ban che nen hieu qua su dung ngudn vdn phat triln san xuat chua cao Do thien tai, mat mua, gap nii ro euge sdng ciing lam cho nhilu hd ndng dan ed mue thu nhap thap, can vdi ehuan ngheo de roi vao dien ngheo Nhiing nguyen nhan tren gay khd khan, trd ngai khdng nhd den cdng euge xoa ddi giam ngheo ciia dia phuang 2.5 Kinh nghiem nit tie cdng cugc xoa ddigidm ngheo ciia Ldo Cai Tu thyc te cdng va ban che cdng cugc xoa ddi, giam ngheo d Lao Cai, ed the nil mgl sd bai hge kinh nghiem sau day: - Mot Id, phai ed sy lanh dao tap trung, thdng nhdt ciia cae cap liy Dang, chinh quyen lu tinh den co sd - Hal Id, phai gan vdi viee thyc hien mue lieu phat triln kinh ll - xa hdi eiia linh quan tam dao tao, nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan lye - Ba Id, phai phat huy tdi da ndi lye, idy ly lye ty cudng la chinh, khai thae mgi tiem nang, ngudn lye eiia dia phuang va sir dung cd hieu qua ngudn dau tu cua Nha nude - Bdn Id, thyc hien diing va day dii cac chinh sach hd trg, quy hoach cu thi cac vung san xuat, dinh hudng san xuat cho ngudi ngheo, tang cudng dau tu cho khu vyc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn ca vl co sd tang, kT thuat, nang lye can bd dl khai thae tiem nang, the manh ciia khu vyc Cung edp kip thdi eac thdng fin vl thi trudng; giai quyet hai hda mdi quan he giira tang trudng kinh tl vdi cdng bang xa hdi - Nam Id, day manh cdng lac tuyen truyen de ngudi ngheo ty vuon len, tang cudng giam sat va danh gia, thyc hien xa hdi hda cdng tac XDGN - Sau Id, coi trgng cdng tac dieu tra co ban, nam chae ddi tugng, cap nhat thdng tin ve r.girdi ngheo, Idng ghep cac chuong trinh dy an dh tao duge nhilu ngudn lye cho XDGN 287 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU Giai phap day manh thue hien xoa doi giam ngheo ben vung d Lao Cai De xda ddi giam ngheo ben virng, Lao Cai can thyc hien nhiing giai phap sau day: On dinh chinh tri, an ninh biin gidi la dieu kien quan trgng, cd y nghTa quyet dinh tdi viee thyc hien chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, XDGN khdng chi ddi vdi cac huyen bien gidi, ma cdn ddi vdi finh Lao Cai va ca nude On dinh chinh tri, an ninh bien gidi tao dieu kien cho ddng bao cae dan ldc sdng d hai ben bien gidi trao ddi hang hda, tang cudng quan he hiru nghi, hgp lac loan dien ea vl kinh le, chinh tri, van hda xa hdi giGa nhan dan hai ben bien gidi va hai qude gia Van ddng nhan dan thyc hien tdl nhiem vu an ninh qude phdng va cae ehuong trinh qude gia phdng chdng tdi pham,ma tiiy, mai dam, budn ban phu nu tre em, phat ddng phong trao quan ehiing bao ve an ninh Td qude Ddy manh phdt triin nganh, linh vuc kinh ti tgo ea hdi cho ngudi ngheo tdng thu nhdp Phat trien ndng nghiep va kinh le ndng thdn gan vdi xda ddi giam ngheo Ngudi ngheo sdng chii yeu van d ndng thdn va viee lao thu nhap cho hg van chii yeu gan vdi boat ddng ndng nghiep.Vi vay can phat trien loan dien ndng nghiep, chuyen ddi co eau san xuat va da dang hda san xuat ndng nghiep, tap trung tham canh, nang cao hieu qua eiia san xuat ndng nghiep de bao dam an ninh luong Ihye Tang cudng cdng tac khuyen ndng, nhat la khuyen ndng co sd de dua lien bd khoa hgc ky thuat vao san xuat Lire lugng lao ddng d ndng thdn Lao Cai ehiem hon mgl nua lye lugng lao ddng cua ca linh khdng the sir dung loan bd vao cae hoat ddng thuan tiiy ndng nghiep Vi vay can phat trien cae boat ddng phi ndng nghiep ddi hdi it vdn dau tu, ky thuat don gian lai m dung duge nhieu lao ddng nham l.ao vice lam, tang thu nhap de cai thien ddi sdng ngudi dan Duy tri va phat triln cae lang nghe truyen thdng vira lao san pham hang hda, vira giir gin ban sac dan ldc, that chat tinh doan ket thdn ban, Phat trien lam nghiep, tang che phu rirng, dua nghe rung trd nganh kinh doanh ed hieu qua, giai quyet viee lam, tang thu nhap cho ngudi ngheo.Thyc hien Iriet de ehii truong giao rirng va dat rirng cho eac td chuc va eac hd gia dinh trdng mdi va cham sdc rung, nhat la cac vung dau ngudn, tao dieu kien cho hg co ngudn thu nhap dn djnh, cai thien ddi sdng Nghien cuu trdng cac cay rirng vira co gia tri che phii, vira cd ^ia tri kinh te cao Dau tu xay dyng nha may che bien ndng, lam san tai chd de lieu thy san pham ndng nghiep, khai thae su dung lai nguyen rung, thu hiit lao ddng, gdp phan XDGN ciia cae xa vung cao, viing xa 288 CONG CUOC XOADOI GIAM NGHEO Phat trien cdng nghiep, Ihiic diy tang Irudng kinh ll nhanh, nang cao mue sdng cho nhan dan, dd cd ngudi ngheo Phat triln eac khu, cum cdng nghiep, san xuat eac san pham dap ung nhu chu su dung va san xuk lai dia phuong, lao nhiing mat hang xuat khau, budn ban vdi cae dia phuong ea nude Phat triln eac khu, cum cdng nghiep, lilu thu cdng nghiep khdng chi tao duge mdi lien kit chat che giua eac co sd san xuat cdng nghiep, Ihiie day cac nganh, cae ITnh vyc kinh te ciing phat trien mdi quan he tac ddng lan ma edn phuc vu cae dy an san xuat cdng nghiep, lao mdi Irudng thuan lgi dl khuyin khich va thu hiit dau tu tren dia ban linh Lao Cai, tao sy ehii ddng viee bd tri eac nha may, xi nghiep theo hudng quy hoach phat triln va bao ve mdi trudng Phat triln cac khu, cum cdng nghiep la ddng lye Ihiic dky cdng nghiep Lao Cai phat triln, gdp phan lang ty trgng GDP cdng nghiep co elu kinh ll ciia tinh va day nhanh ldc cdng nghiep boa, hien dai boa Hinh nen trung tam cdng nghiep gin liln vdi phat trien dd thi ddng thdi lao bude chuyln dich co cdu theo hudng tang ty trgng cdng nghiep ehl bien phuc vu xuk khau va tieu diing nude Cdng nghiep thue diy phat triln ndng nghiep, lam nghiep tao diiu kien cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan, gdp phan XDGN Phdt triin thuang mgi, dich vu, du lieh dl tao ddng lye thiie dky cae nganh kinh tl cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, thu hiit lao ddng ndng thdn, tao them viee lam va tang thu nhap cho cae ting Idp dan cu finh Sy giao luu giua khach du lieh va nhan dan dia phuong la mdi trudng tdl nang cao hilu bill ehung cung nhu nhung kien thue vl thi trudng, vl san xult, kinh doanh eiia mgi ngudi Qua dd gdp phan thiie day sy chuyln biln nhanh hon tu nIn kinh tl ty cung ty cip sang nen kinh tl thi trudng, tir nIn san xuit nhd manh miin sang nIn kinh tl lap trung vdi eac san phim mang tinh hang hda cao hon tren dia ban finh Lao Cai Day cung la mot nhung ylu Id quan trgng gdp phin xda ddi giam ngheo bin vung Phdt trlin vdn hda, thdng tin, bdo ton vdn hda ddn toe Tap trung xay dyng he thdng thiet che van hda d huyen, xa va cip thdn ban, nhit la d vung dac biet khd khan, vung dan ldc thilu sd, vung bien gidi, phuc vy cdng tac tuyen truyin; tang cudng cae ddi thdng tin luu ddng, ddi chilu bdng luu ddng vl phuc vu nhan dan eac xa dac biet khd khan, cac xa bien gidi Xay dyng lang van hda dan tdc vimg cao, bien gidi theo tieu ehuin ehung, diy manh tuyen truyin, van ddng ddng bao xda bd cac hii tuc lac hau va chdng lang phi, giir gin ban sic van hda dan tdc, nghien cuu, phuc vu phat trien du lieh van hda Thue hien cdng tdc dinh canh, dinh cu, bdo ve moi trudng bin vieng, gdp phdn xoa ddi gidm ngheo Td chuc, sip xIp dan eu hgp ly, dac biet la dan eu d vung khd khan, de bi thien tai, thieu tu lieu san xuit Td chuc quy hoach va khai thae cd 289 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU hieu qua cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien eiia dia phuong, day manh trdng rung, phat trien rung canh quan, rung gd quy de xay dyng md hinh sinh thai va gdp phan tranh xdi mdn dat Van ddng ddng bao eac dan tdc thieu sd vung cao dua chiidng Irai chan nudi gia siie khdi nha d, xay dyng nha ve sinh, ung dung nang lirgng than thien vdi mdi trudng Ddi vdi eac nha may, khu cdng nghiep, khai thae khoang san khu vyc cac huyen bien gidi can thyc hien diing eac quy dinh ve mdi trudng, giiim thieu lae hai mdi Irudng Phdt trlin kit cdu hg tdng kinh ti - xd hoi, tgo diiu kien cho ngudi ngheo tiip can dich vu cdng Quy hoach, dau lu nang cap va xay dyng he thdng giao thdng, dien, nude dap ung duge yeu eau phat trien kinh te, xa hdi theo lung giai doan tren CO sd gan vdi quy hoach dn dinh dan eu va phat trien cae nganh kinh te Tap trung xay dyng cae cdng trinh thiiy lgi phuc vu cho eac vimg tham canh liia, xay dyng cac ngudn nude ly chay phuc vu nude sinh boat cho ddng bao cac xa viing cao thieu nude Phat trien he thdng buu chinh, vien thdng tdi eac thdn, ban gitip nhan dan vung cao, vung khd khan cap nhat thdng tin, nang cao hieu biet Ddng thdi lap trung xay dyng co sd tang du lieh de khai thae tiem nang kinh te va du lieh tren dia ban linh, lao viee lam cho ngudi lao ddng Tap trung nang cap, xay dyng mdi eac tram y le xa va phdng kham da khoa khu vyc, nang cap cae trang thiet bi de phuc vu tdl nhat viee kham chua benh cho nhan dan Tiep tuc thyc hien chuang trinh kien cd hda ti'udng Idp hgc, cung cap trang thicl bi day va hge cho cac trudng, xay dyng nha cdng vu cho giao vien, md rdng he thdng trucmg ndi tni.ban tni tren dia ban finli Phdt triin mang ludi an sinh xd hoi, trg giiip cdc doi tugng yiu the cdc ddi tugng gap hoan canh khd khan Trudc bet can xay dyng quy hoach tdng the phat trien ndng thdn mien nui theo hudng dn dinh dan cu, hinh cac cum dan cu ndng thdn phat trien ben virng, bao dam chat lugng mdi Irudng sdng; lao lap mang ludi an sinh xa hdi thdng qua he thdng ket eau tang kinh te, xa hdi Thyc hien day dii chinh sach hd trg ve giao due, y te cho ngirdi dan ldc va ddi lugng ngheo, gap nii ro Ciing ed va phat trien he thdng trudng ndi tni, ban tni dan nudi d trudng xa hoac cum xa de ddn nhan hge sinh cac thdn ban le ve hgc; ddng thdi md rdng cac hinh thue va da dang cac nganh nghe dao tao cho ngudi lao ddng, uu tien ngirdi ngheo Dau tu phat trien cac co sd y te xa, thdn ban, cap the bao hiem y le va Ihye hien kham chua benh mien phi cho ngudi ngheo d vung cao, khd khan, tao mgi dieu kien de ngudi dm duge chua benh theo benh an tren co sd gdp phan xda bd te nan me tin di doan d viing dan tdc Day manh thyc hien Chuong trinh 135 de nhan dan ed dieu kien phat trien san xuat, cai thien ddi sdng ea ve vat chat, van hda va tinh than, duge tiep can va thu hudng cae dieu kien mdi trudng sdng day dii va tdt hon Thyc hien tot chuong trinh phdng chdng, giam nhe thien tai, cdng tac 290 CONG CUOC XOADOI GIAM NGHEO cuu ho, eiru nan va cac chinh sach trg giiip ddi vdi nhung ngudi bi nii ro thien tai, hda hoan, quy hoach sap xep dua dan khdi vung nguy hilm ed nguy co sat Id dat, lu eudn Duy tri va phat huy hieu qua eac quy phdng, chdng, phuc hoi thien lai, quy eiru ddi, quy vi ngudi ngheo Ddy manh phdt trlin Khu kinh te ciea khdu Ldo Cat vd cua khdu qude gia Mirdng Khieang vd cdc lot md truyin thdng, lao diiu kien thuan lgi nhit cho giao luu hang hda va phat trien Ihuong mai, dich vu, du lieh Diy manh cdng lae xiic liln thuang mai, md rdng giao luu budn ban va ngoai nude.Tilp tuc diu lu, nang cap CO sd vat chat, kit eau ling cae chg bien gidi nim khu vyc cua khiu, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho eu dan bien gidi hai nude trao ddi, budn ban hang hda; khuyen khich cac thuong nhan Trung Qude sang thue va kinh doanh budn ban lai chg Md rdng kinh le ddi ngoai, lao mdi Irudng thuan lgi nhim thu hiit diu tu nude ngoai phat triln san xuit kinh doanh tai vung khd khan cua tinh nhim lao viee lam, tang thu nhap cho lao ddng ngheo Tgo mdi trudng phdp ly thuan lgi cho cdng tdc xda dot, gldm ngheo.Tvuac hel la cai each hanh chinh, nang cao nang lye cdng tac eiia can bd chinh quyIn co sd Day manh tuyen truyin giao due phap luat, nang cao hilu bill vl Ihye thi phap lual cua cac td chuc va cdng dan, xu ly kip thdi nhung vu viee khilu kien, tranh chap keo dai cua ngudi dan va eac sai pham ciia cac nhan vien cdng quyln Md rdng boat ddng trg giiip phap ly cho ngudi ngheo, bao dam cung cip thudng xuyen thdng tin vl cac djch vu, cac chinh sach va ke hoach phat trien cho ngudi dan Kien totin va nang cao nang lye ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac XDGN, can bd trg giiip phap ly cho ngudi ngheo, dap ung vdi yeu eiu dang dat thyc tiin cdng tac, dac biet quan tam can bd cip xa Thyc hien ehl cdng khai tai chinh, chinh sach den bu, cae chinh sach lien quan din lgi ich ciia nhan dan Nang cao trinh hge vin cho nhan dan, thyc hien tdl quy ehl dan chii, nang cao va phat huy vai trd, trach nhien eiia trudng thdn, ban Id dan phd viee thyc hien quy ehl dan ehii d co sd, to chuc boat ddng cd hieu qua ciia ban tra nhan dan Thyc hien binh ding gidi nham phat huy vai trd ciia phu nG mgi ITnh vyc cua ddi sdng xa hdi, dac biet quan tam den phu nG ngheo, ed hoan canh khd khan, vung sau, vung xa, vung bien gidi 10 Ddi mdi vd hoan thlin cdc chinh sach, du dn nhdm hd trg cho ngudi ngheo, hg ngheo, vuan len thodt khdi ddi ngheo: Chinh sach tin dung uu dai cho nguci ngheo; Chinh sach hd trg dit san xuit, dit d, nude sinh boat cho hd ngheo Thyc hien cac dir an khuyin ndng, khuyin lam, khuyin ngu va hd trg phat triln san xuit, phat trien nganh nghi, day nghi ngin han cho ngudi ngheo, nhan rdng md hinh xda ddi, giam ngheo 291 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HQI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU 11 Niu cao y chi quyit tdm vugt ngheo, vuan lin lam gldu ciia mgl ngudl ddn, nhdt Id cdc xd ngheo, viing ngheo vd bdn thdn ngudl ngheo Day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, bieu duong kip thdi cac gia dinh thoat ngheo vung dan tdc De lao duge sy chuyen bien nhan thue ciia ngudi ngheo, de hg ty lye vuon len thoat khdi ddi ngheo, can quan tam den cdng tac tuyen truyen van ddng, ddng thdi Nha nude can kip thdi tuyen truyen va bieu duong, khen thudng nhGng tam guong san xuat kinh doanh gidi, thoat ngheo vuon len lam giau bang chinh ndi lye cua hg 12 Tlip tuc tri cdc chinh sach uu ddi vdi cdc hg, cdc xd dd thodt ngheo Nang cao vai trd lanh dao cua Dang, phdi ket hgp cua cae doan the ddi vdi chuong trinh xda ddi giam ngheo Nhu vay, thyc hien ehii truong, chinh sach cae ehuong trinh mue lieu qude gia xda ddi giam ngheo ciia Dang va Chinh phu, vdi nhiing cd gang cua Dang bd, chinh quyen, cae ban nganh, doan the va nhan dan, cdng cugc XDGN ciia Lao Cai tu 1998 den 2010 da dat duge ket qua quan trgng, ty le hd ngheo giam, ddi sdng nhan dan vung cao, vung khd khan duge nang len, da gdp phan thyc hien cdng nhiem vu phat trien kinh te- xa hdi ciia dia phuong, giG vGng an ninh chinh tri, chu quyen bien gidi qude gia va xay dyng khdi dai doan ket dan tdc Mat khae ket qua cua cdng euge xda ddi giam ngheo ciing gdp phan xay dyng khdi doan ket loan dan, Cling cd niem tin vao sy lanh dao ciia Dang cho nhan dan cac dan tdc Lao Cai Tuy nhien, ket qua xoa ddi giam ngheo eiia Lao Cai chua ben vGng, ty le can ngheo edn cao, ddi lugng lai khdng cd co sd phat trien kinh te vung chae nen kha nang roi vao canh ngheo ddi la rat Idn Theo ket qua dieu tra hd ngheo cudi nam 2010 Lao Cai van la mgl ba tinh cd ly le ngheo cao nhat nude Day la mgl khd khfin Idn va lau dai ddi hdi sy quyet tam cua ca ngudi dan, cdng ddng, cae td chuc kinh le - xa hdi, ciia nha nude, dac biet la sy lanh dao cua Dang, sy phdi ket hgp ddng bd giGa eac nganh, eac cap tren dia ban tinh Lao Cai Tai lieu tham khao Ban Chap hanh Dang bo tinli Lao Cai (1992), Vdn kien Dgi hoi Ddng Eg tinh Ldo Cai Idn t Ban Chap hanh Dang bo tinh Lao Cai (1996), Vdn kien Dgi hdi Ddng Bg tinh Ldo Cai Idn thic XI Ban Chap hanh Dang bo tinh Lao Cai (2001), Vdn kien Dgi hdi Ddng Bg tinh Ldo Cai Idn thu Xll Ban Chap hanh Dang bo linh Lao Cai (2006), Vdn kien Dgi hdi Ddng Bo tinh Ldo Cai Idn thic Xlll 292 CONG CUOC XOADOI GIAM NGHEO Bo Lao dong va TBXH (2004), Tdi lieu tap hudn danh cho cdn bd lam cdng tdc xoa ddi gidm ngheo cap tinh vd cdp huyen, Nxb Lao dong Xa hoi Dang Cong san Viet Nam (1993), Nghi quyit Hdi nghi BCH TW Idn thic khod VU, Nxb Sir that Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nani,1991, Vdn kien Dgi hoi dgi biiu todn qude km thu Vll, Nxb Sir that, Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nam,1996, Vdn kien Dgi hoi dgi biiu todn qude Idn thic Vlll, Nxb Sir that, Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nam, 2001, Vdn kien Dgi hgl dgi biiu todn quoc Idn thic IX, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 10 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, 2005, Vdn kien Dgi hdi Ddng thdi ki doi mdi (dgi hoi VI Vll Vlll LX), Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia, Ha Noi 11 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2006), Van kien Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qude lan thic X, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 12 UBND linh Lao Cai (2002), Di dn xda ddi gidm ngheo linh Ldo Cai giai dogn 2001 - 2005 13 UBND tinh Lao Cai (2007), Di dn gidm ngheo bin vieng Ldo Cai giai dogn 2006 - 2010 14 UBND tinh Lao Cai (2006), Ki hogch phdt triin KTXH nam 2006 - 2010 tinh Ldo Cai vd ket qud dieu tra hg ngheo theo chudn mdi 15 UBND tinh Lao Cai (2010), Di dn gidm ngheo bin vieng Ldo Cai giai doan 2011 2015 293 ... vdn U3ND tinh Lao Cai, 2007, De dn xda ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai doan 2006 -2010, phu bieu U3ND tinh Lao Cai (2007), De dn xoa ddi gidm ngheo tinh Ldo Cai giai dogn 2006 -2010. , tr 279 VIET... linh Lao Cai (2002), Di dn xda ddi gidm ngheo linh Ldo Cai giai dogn 2001 - 2005 13 UBND tinh Lao Cai (2007), Di dn gidm ngheo bin vieng Ldo Cai giai dogn 2006 - 2010 14 UBND tinh Lao Cai (2006),... 2006 - 2010 Ban Chap hanh Dang bo tinh Lao Cai, 2001 ,Fa« kien Dgi hdi Ddng Bg tinh Ldo Cai Idn th Xll, trang 37 Ban Chap hanh Dang bo linh Lao Cai, 2006,F(3« kien Dgi hoi Ddng Bg tinh Lew Cai Idn