I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.. –> I really wish I had invited her to the party.[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT VÀ LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG 2009
Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Chuyên đề: THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH (SUBJUNCTIVE) I MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ
- Trong chun đề này, chúng tơi trình bày với em số cấu trúc câu quen thuộc
và thường sử dụng: câu “wish”, câu “if only, as if, as though” số cấu trúc sử dụng sau động từ “recommend, insist, suggest” tính từ “vital, important, essential, imperative, crucial”
II KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN 1. “Wish” sentence
1.1 Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/wish somebody to something I wish to pass the entrance exam
I wish you happy birthday
I wish you to become a good teacher
Chú ý: trường hợp này, thay “wish” “want” “would like”
I would like/want to speak to Ann
1.2 Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : thể nuối tiếc tại, điều khơng có thật
I wish I knew his address (thật địa anh ta) I wish I had a car
I wish I were rich
Chú ý: câu “wish” thật tại, dùng “were” động từ tobe cho tất
1.3 Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: thể tiếc nuối khứ
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.(sự thực tiêu nhiều tiền) I wish I had seen the film last night.(sự thực không xem phim tối qua)
1.4 A + wish (that) + B + would something: phàn nàn muốn thay đổi tình huống (A, B hai người khác nhau)
I wish they would stop making noise
(2)2. “If only” sentence: giá như…
2.1 If only + present tense/future tense: diễn tả hi vọng tương lai If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her 2.2 If only + simple past: diễn đạt hành động khơng có thật
If only there were snow in summer We could go skiing If only he would join our party
2.3 If only + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động khơng có thật q khứ
If only the Bush government hadn’t spead war in Irak, million people there wouldn’t have been killed
2.4 If only ….would do….= person A wish person B would something You are driving too dangerously If only you would drive slowly = I wish you would drive slowly
3. “As if/ as though” sentence
3.1 As if/as though + simple past: diễn đạt hành động thật It’s very cold today It looks as if/as though it were autumn now
(thực bây giờđang mùa hè)
3.2 As if/as though + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động thật khứ
The whole were seriously damaged It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs (thực động đất)
3.2 As if/as though + present tense: diễn đạt hành động có thật He appears running from a fierce dog
–> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog
4. Các cấu trúc khác
4.1 It’s time somebody did something: đến lúc phải làm The exam is coming It’s time they worked hard
Chúng ta dùng cấu trúc “It’s high time somebody did something” để nhấn mạnh ý muốn nói
It’s high time we started
4.2 Person A would rather person B did something: đề nghị cách lịch sựở
hiện (A muốn/ thích B làm việc gì) A: Would you mind if I smoke? B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke
4.3 Sau số tính từđịi hỏi mệnh đề sau phải dạng giảđịnh, câu bắt buộc phải có “that” động từ sau chủ ngữ dạng nguyên thể bỏ “to”: advised, necessary, recommended, important,obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested
(3)It is necessary that he find the books It is necessary that he not find the books It has been proposed that we change the topic It has been proposed that we not change the topic
Nếu bỏ “that” chủ ngữ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ “for”, động từ trở
dạng nguyên thể có “to” câu tính chất giảđịnh trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp
It is necessary for him to find the books It is necessary for him not to find the books It has been proposed for us to change the topic It has been proposed for us not to change the topic 4.4 Thành ngữ dùng giảđịnh thức
Bless you! (Chúa phù hộ cho bạn!)
Long live our gracious Queen! (Nữ hồng mn năm!) A toast now: long live the bride and groom
(Nâng cốc nào: cô dâu, rể muôn năm) If they insist on that attitude, so be it
(Nếu họ khăng khăng thái độđó, chẳng thể làm cả) Heaven forbid! (Lạy trời!)
III CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ ngoặc theo thời
1 I wish I (know) something about computers
2 I wish the traffic (not make) so much noise everyday
3 It’s high time the children (prepare) their lesson They are watching TV now If only it (be) warm and sunny today I’m fed up with snow and cold
5 Everybody was exhausted It looked as if they (work) hard I’d rather my teacher (give) fewer compositions tonight My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) their servants
8 Nick is quite ready for the exam It looks as if he (prepare) everything I wish it (not rain) heavily last Sunday
10 They are making so much noise It looks as if they (have) a party 11 If only I (be) rich now so that I (buy) this expensive car
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1 He appears to be running away from your fierce dog –> It looks………
2 I would love to be rich and famous –> If only………
(4)–> I wish……… I really think you ought to acquire a few manners –> It’s high time……… I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party –> I really wish I……… Would you mind not smoking here?
–> I’d rather……… Please don’t say things like that –> I wish………
Đáp án: Bài 1:
1 knew
2 wouldn’t make were preparing were
5 had been working gave
7 were
8 has prepared hadn’t rained 10 are having 11 were, could buy
Bài 2:
1 He appears to be running away from your fierce dog –> It looks as if he is running away from your fierce dog I would love to be rich and famous
–> If only I were rich and famous
3 I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico –> I wish I were in a secluded beach in Mexico I really think you ought to acquire a few manners –> It’s high time you acquired a few manners I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party –> I really wish I had invited her to the party Would you mind not smoking here? –> I’d rather you didn’t smoke here Please don’t say things like that
(5)IV BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ
Bài tập 1: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau:
1 It's about time you harder for the next exam A.work
B.are working C.worked D.have worked
2 The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe It looks as if it down A.would fall
B.falls C.is falling D.is going to fall
3 I wish they change their minds so often! A.shouldn't
B.wouldn't C.mightn't D.couldn't
4 I wish I the direction closely A.be followed
B.will follow C.would follow D.had followed
5 I wished I on another diet A.could live
B.can live C.will live D.am living
6 Team rules require that each player ……… responsible for memorizing one rule and then for teaching that rule to all of the players
A.is B.was C.be D were
7 To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills ……… on the proper way to fall down
A.focused B.focus
(6)Bài tập 2: Chia động từ ngoặc:
1 I wish I drunk and kissed Samantha (not/ get)
2 I wish it so much The garden's turned to mud (not/ rain) If only I there, I wouldn't have got a fine (not/ park) If only I more time for my hobbies (have)
5 I wish it more often in Valencia (rain)
6 I wish I to go to your nephew's wedding (not/ have)
7 I wish you so much You're a complete idiot when you're drunk (not/ drink) If only it _ The garden's as dry as a bone (rain)
9 I wish Samantha _ her hair more often It looks so greasy all the time (wash) 10 I wish you so horrible to your brother He's a really nice bloke (not/ be) 11 I wish the council _ that beautiful old house It was part of the town's heritage (not/ demolish)
12 If only I _ the money to go to Jon's wedding in The States (have) 13 I wish I her she'd put on weight She hates me now (not/ tell) 14 I wish you to your mother like that (not/ speak)
15 If only we _ a Hewlett Packard printer The cartridges are so expensive (not/ buy)
16 I wish Jorge _ so fast It's only a matter of time before he kills someone (not/ drive)
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Thị Tâm
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