File - 110185

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives4. as the years go by.[r]

Grade 12 Unit – Life stories I Write the words given in the box next to their meanings.

distinguished achievement respectable

talented generosity

1……….….gifted, having a natural ability to something well 2……….…very successful and admired by other people

3……….….regarded by society as acceptable, proper and correct 4……….…kindness or willingness to give

5……….…something that has been obtained by hard work, ability or effort II Fill in each sentence with a word from the box.

distinguished achievement respectable talented generosity

1 Alexandre Yersin, who had quite a ……… career in medicine, devoted his life to the poor and sick people in Vietnam

2 Hard-working and ……… students should be given more opportunities to develop their skills

3 The new album is one of his greatest ……… It sold 50,000 copies just in the first week

4 After my father got a well-paid job at an international company, we moved to a …….……… neighbourhood

5 Don’t allow other people to take advantage of your ……… You should learn to give wisely

III Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuos

1 This morning when the alarm clock (go) … ……… off, I (have) ……… a sweet dream

2 Carol (meet) ……… her husband while she (travel) ……… in Europe I (work) ……… on my computer when there (be) ……… a sudden power cut and all my data (be) ……… lost

4 When we (share) ……… a room two years ago, Lin (always, take) ……… My

5 When Tom (call) ……… yesterday, I (do) ……… the washing-up in the kitchen,

so I (not hear) ……… the phone

6 Frank (constantly, ask) ……… for money last year when he (be) ……… still out of work

7 Mark (request) ……… complete silence when he (compose) ……… music

8 In 1417, Nguyen Trai (join) ……… the army of Le Loi, who (then, lead) ……… the

resistance movement in the mountainous regions

IV Complete the gaps with the where necessary If an article is not necessary, write a cross (x)

1 Here’s ……… book you asked to borrow

2 There are some reports on ………… oil slick in ……… Mediterranean Sea ………… kangaroos are found only in ………… Australia

4 Angelina is working for a charitable organisation that helps ………… people with disabilities

5 Is ………… United Arab Emirates part of ………… South Asia or ………….Middle East? Last summer, we travelled to many places We visited ………Taj Mahal in ……… India, climbed ……… Mount Everest in ………… Himalayas, and took a cruise

to ………… Bahamas

7 I love ……… Spain I find ………… Spanish very friendly, but I can’t say much in ……… Spanish

8 My favourite pastime is playing ………… guitar, but my best friend prefers playing ………… tennis

V Complete the gaps with a, an or a cross (x) if an article is not necessary. There’s ……… chance that she’ll win the competition again

2 What ……… nice weather! Let’s go for ……… picnic

3 I went to see …… Dr Nga yesterday because I had ……fever She asked me to stay in …… bed for two days

4 My friend Brian is …… Scot On ……… special occasions, he wears …… kilt and plays the bagpipe

in our city

6 The teacher gave us …… test on …… indefinite articles yesterday It wasn't easy, but I could

get …… good mark in the test

7 I like ………… ice cream, but I’m not in the mood for ……… ice cream now 8.A: Let’s go for ………….coffee.

B: No, thanks I don’t drink ……… coffee.

VI Read the following story and complete each gap with an article Write a cross (x) if an article is not necessary.

I had (1) …… very bad experience (2) …… last Sunday I bought (3) …… flash drive from (4) ……… computer store in (5) ……… local shopping centre When I went

back (6) …… home, I inserted it into my computer, but it was not recognised I took it back to (7) …… store, but (8) …… store manager got very angry He pointed

at (9) ……… crack on (10) ……… flash drive, and said his store was not responsible for such (11) ……… defect because it had probably been caused by my carelessness I couldn’t say (12) ……… word, and had to buy another flash drive

VII Read the text about Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG)

ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was a Scottish writer and physician He is best known for his creation of Sherlock Holmes - a brilliant London-based detective famous for his logical

thinking and ability to solve difficult cases

Born in Edinburgh in 1859 into a prosperous family, Doyle was strongly influenced by his mother, who was a well-educated woman In his early childhood, she used to tell him vivid stories which sparked his imagination The second person who had a great impact on his writing career was Dr Joseph Bell, a professor at the medical school where Doyle studied from 1876 to 1881 Dr Bell’s keen powers of observation later inspired Doyle to create his fictional detective character, Sherlock Holmes

Doyle’s writing career started during his time at medical school After graduation, he set up his own medical practice, which was not very successful initially, so he started writing stories again while waiting for patients He wrote 21 novels and more than 150 short stories He also published poems, articles, memoirs and plays on various subjects His most well-known works are the novels and stories with Sherlock Holmes and the fantasy novel The Lost World, which were made into successful films

Doyle died at the age of 71, after a heart attack In his honour, a statue of him was built in Crowborough, where he lived for almost 23 years

1 Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories about Sherlock Holmes were the first detective stories in the world

2 The two people who had a strong influence on Doyle’s writing career were his mother and Dr Joseph Bell

3 Doyle’s mother inspired him to write about Sherlock Holmes Doyle’s life experiences were sources for many of his stories

5 The Lost World and his novels and stories about Sherlock Holmes were made into films A statue of Sherlock Holmes was built in London

VIII Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

distinguished historical figures respectable dedication achievement reputation

1 Naming streets after ……… is a common practice around the world After winning the MasterChef competition, Christine Ha gained a(n) ……… as a first-class cook

3 You’ll look more ……… if you wear a nice suit and a tie No one can deny his hard work and ……… to the club

5 After a series of successes, she won a lifetime ……… award for music Nguyen Trai had a(n) ……… career as a skilled strategist and prominent scholar

IX Read the following story about Tran Quoc Toan Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous

assembly because he was too young He (5 become) ……… very upset As he (6 shout) ……… angrily outside the royal court, the emperor (7 come) …… out and (8 give) ………….him an orange He also (9 order) …… the young marquis to go home While the emperor and the officials (10 discuss) ……….……… the war strategies, Tran Quoc Toan (11 still, wait) ……… outside the hall He (12 get) ………… so upset and stimulated that he (13 crush) ……….the orange with his own hand Later he (14 begin) ………… forming his own army and (15 manage) ……… to recruit over one thousand soldiers While his troops (16 fight) ……… against the Mongol army, he (17 always, dash) ……… …… to the front to drive the enemies back His death was unknown, but today Tran Quoc Toan is considered one of the finest examples of Vietnamese patriotism, especially for the young generation

X These sentences are incorrect Correct them, adding articles where necessary We had great time in USA last summer

2 John decided to join army and become soldier so that he could fight for country Do English drink tea or coffee at breakfast?

4 We returned from two-week holiday in Philippines and Indonesia

5 When you go to Paris, don’t forget to visit Louvre and take boat trip along Seine You’ll need warm hat, new coat and pair of woolen gloves for your trip to Europe this season

7 My mother said she would go to bank on Fir Street to withdraw some money, and then she would drop by supermarket near theatre on way home

8 In rush hour in Ha Noi, it’s more convenient to travel by motorbike than to take taxi .XI Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

distinguished dedication reputation talented perseverance generosity figures

1 His tireless ……… to protect endangered animals was greatly admired Hard work and ……… help tennis players to succeed in their sporting career It’s not easy to build a good ………, but it’s even more difficult to protect it The company is looking for ………… graduates from fashion colleges, who are willing to work hard

5 The world would be a better place if more people showed ……… to others

6 Our ……… guests have just arrived Let’s welcome them with a big round of applause

XII Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous

1 This afternoon I (see) ………… Dingo, the boxing champion, at the airport When I (leave) ……… the airport at p.m., he (still, talk) ……… to the customs officer He (look) ………… really worried Then while I (wait) ……… for a taxi, I (hear) ……… that he (have) ……… problems with his luggage

2 Sue: (you, hear) ……… the news about Tim?

Ken: You mean the famous film star? What (happen) ……….?

Sue: He (fall) ……… from the sixth floor when they (film) ……… a scene of a burning building He (play) ……… a fireman trying to save a child

Ken: What a shock! Is he all right?

Sue: I don’t know I just (read) ……… the news on social media They (say) ……… doctors (still, operate) ……… on him

XIII Read the following story and complete each gap with an article Write a cross (x) if an article is not necessary.

Marco Polo was born in 1254, in (1) ……… Venice, (2) ……… Italy, into (3) ……… wealthy merchant family He travelled extensively with his family, journeying from (4) ……… Europe to (5) ……… Asia from 1271 to 1295 He lived in (6) ………….China for about 17 years There has been (7) ………… debate among (8) ……… … historians about whether Marco ever really made it to (9) ……… China There is no evidence outside his famous book that he had ever travelled to (10) ……… Far East Yet, his knowledge of (11) ………… culture of this area is hard to dismiss XIV Underline ten mistakes in the conversation and correct them

Van: What’s a book you’re reading about?

Quang: Pelé’s life story It’s quite interesting You can learn more about his life and career. Van: When does he start playing the football?

Quang: When he was a teenager And at an age of 15, he was gaining a reputation as the powerful goal scorer

Van: I see But why is he considered a greatest of all football players?

Quang: Pelé was scoring 1,281 goals in 1,363 games, which is the remarkable achievement since he was always surrounded by the defenders of the opposing team

XV Read the first part of the text about Beethoven and fill in each gap with a word from the box.

talent distinguished prodigy innovator

performance compose greatest create

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and (1) ……… musical figure in the period between the Classical and Romantic eras Born in 1770, in Bonn, Germany, he was the son of a court musician His piano (2) ………… quickly became evident and he gave his first public (3) ………… at the age of eight Beethoven’s father wanted to make him a child (4) …………., another Mozart

Grade 12 Unit – Urbanisation

I Read the second part of the text and find words or phrases from the two sections of the text which mean the following

There are three main periods in Beethoven’s music career: early, middle and late The beginning of his early period was in 1792 when he moved to Vienna, Austria Beethoven quickly made a name for himself as a talented pianist His compositions during this period consisted mainly of works for his main instrument, the piano, and were classical in nature However, Beethoven’s hearing was beginning to deteriorate during this period, and he tried to hide this fact from those around him

In 1800, Beethoven turned from the classical forms of the previous century to a more expressive or romantic music His musical imagination began to grow beyond that of the piano The middle period was believed to be Beethoven’s greatest and most productive stage In less than a decade, he produced countless masterpieces in every genre

In 1809, however, his musical creativity began to decline, possibly due to his health problems and mental state Beethoven stopped conducting and performing in public, but continued to compose – many of his most admired works were created during this period By 1815, he was almost completely deaf and his manners became increasingly rude In 1827, he died after a long illness Nearly 20,000 people lined the streets of Vienna to pay their last respect to the composer who had changed the music scene of Western Europe

1 a person, especially a child or young person, having extraordinary talent or ability a piece of music that is sung, rather than played on a musical instrument

3 become worse

4 producing or achieving a lot too many to be counted

6 the best or most excellent works of an artist

7 a particular type of writing, art, music, etc which shares specific features II Match the words with the appropriate definition

1 urbanisation (n) overload (v) industrialisation (n)

4 agricultural (adj) switch off (v)

a the period of time when a country develops a lot of industries on a wide scale

b a population shift from rural to urban areas c stop paying attention

III Fill in each sentence with a word from the box.

urbanisation overload industrialisation agricultural switched off

1 The impact of increased ……… has been harmful to the environment and has led to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions

2 Students can easily ……… their short-term memory with unnecessary information

3 The lecture was two hours long and boring, so by the end of it, I completely ………

4 Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the majority of the population were employed as ……… labourers

5 The transformation of China into a modern economy started in 1950s through the process of ………

IV Complete the text below with the compound adjectives given in the box.

long-term fast-growing weather-beaten well-paid

up-to-date

Many young people in rural areas don’t want to spend their lives on the farm like their (1) ………… ………… parents They understand that there are

better (2) ……… job prospects for them in the city So they leave their home villages to find (3) ……… jobs in the (4) ……… industrial zones In the city, young people can also have access to (5) ……… facilities and technology

V Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets It is important that he (get) ……… into a good university

2 The teacher demanded that the classroom (clean) ……… immediately My father insists that my brother (work) ……… on the farm

4 It is vital that people (allow) ……… to choose where to live

5 I requested that everyone in my class (attend) ……… my presentation It is crucial that urban people (not look down on) ……… … rural people

VI Complete the text below with the verbs given in the box.

tell return study obey search

1 Her parents insisted that she ……… hard for the GCSE exams

3 It is imperative that all migrants ……… the rules and regulations of the residential areas they move to

4 The police demanded that the stolen money ……… to the bank

5 It is a good idea that the police ……… for the missing people VII Match the words with their meanings

1 mindset (n)

2 discrimination (n) housing (n)

4 sanitation (n) progressive (adj)

a buildings and other shelters that people live in; provision of accommodation

b supporting new and modern ideas and favouring change

c the protection of public health by removing and treating dirty water, waste, etc

d the established set of habitual attitudes held by a person or group e the practice of treating one person or group unfairly because of their sex, race or age

VIII Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning The migration of young people to big cities has risen dramatically

→ There ……… Due to shortages of jobs, there has been a decrease in the population in rural areas in the last 10 years

→ Due to shortages of jobs, the population ……… The urbanisation rate in Indonesia increased by over 30% from 1969 to 2009

→ There ……… There was a sharp rise in the rate of urbanisation in South Korea during the period between 1969 and 1989

→ The rate of urbanisation ……… The urbanisation rate in this city decreased slightly during the economic crisis in 2008 → There was ……… The number of young people working on farms has decreased sharply over the past years → There ……… The number of urban inhabitants rose by 15% from 1990 to 1995

→ There ……… IX Underline the correct word in each sentence

3 More and more people are migrating to (urban/ rural) areas to look for better job opportunities

4 The cost of living in big cities has (fallen/ risen) dramatically over the past years This has caused a lot of difficulties for low-income people

5 The talk was long and overloaded with useless information, so I switched (on/ off). X Complete the text below with the compound adjectives given in the box.

thought-provoking day-to-day wide-ranging never-ending weather-beaten

1 The new law has ……… effects on the migrants

2 In big cities, sometimes we can see ……… faces of people migrating from the rural areas

3 We attended an in-depth and ……… presentation on urbanisation and its impact on society

4 Governments should try to limit the ……… growth of cities

5 Poor people in big cities still have to deal with many ……… problems XI Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 The girls in our class proposed that our teacher (organise) ………… a camping trip in the countryside

2 Miss Kim recommended that our class (divide) ……… into six groups to work on the unit project

3 Lan is now living in the city Her parents are still living in their home village They insist that Lan (call) ……… home every day

4 It is important that parents (give) ……… their children’s academic results at the end of each term

5 The local authority demanded that local residents (support) ……… new migrants

.XII Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest in each group by circling A, B, C, or D.

1.A life B site C widen D recipe

2.A idea B bear C area D hear

3.A share B age C safe D place

4.A great B meat C wheat D beat

5.A sour B our C pour D flour

year-round (adj) thought-provoking (adj) weather-beaten (adj) well-paid (adj) fast-growing (adj) overload (v)

1 Students these days are ……… with too much unnecessary information He has the ……… face and skin of an old traveller

3 In ……… cities, people have access to jobs, healthcare and other facilities It is difficult for young people to find ……… jobs in rural areas

5 The documentary about life in the slums was really ……… and was followed by a lot of discussion about how to solve this problem

6 Life in areas with ……… extreme weather conditions is not easy at all XI Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 The government requested that local authorities (clear) …… … all slums and (support) ….……… migrants in finding low-cost housing

2 My parents insisted that my brother (return) ……… to our home village after graduation to run the family business

3 It is essential that new migrants (give) ……… enough information about the rules and regulations of the local area

4 It is desirable that everyone (have) ………… a flat in the city and a villa in the countryside

5 It is recommended that the government (control) …… urbanisation to maintain sustainable urban areas

6 It is important that young people (not, idealise) ……… city life II Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning

1 The urban population ratio rose steadily throughout the period

⇒There ………

2 There was a continuous fall in the rural population ratio during this 60-year period

⇒The ………

3 The urban population ratio rose from 25% to 45% between 1950 and 1980

⇒There ………

4 From 1980 to 2010, there was a steady increase in the ratio of urban population

⇒From 1980 to 2010, ………

5 The rural population ratio decreased by 50% from 1950 to 2010

Grade 12n Unit – The green movement I Match the words with their meanings

1 mould and mildew depleted clutter pathway dispose of asthma

a a medical condition that causes difficulties in breathing b a large number of things lying around in a state of disorder

c a grey or black substance that grows on food, walls or surfaces in wet and warm conditions

d used up or reduced to a very, and in danger of running out e to give away or get rid of something small amount

f a route for something to move along II Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

pathway asthma mould and mildew dispose

of depleted

1 A degree in environmental studies will be a great ……… towards a rewarding career You should keep your room free from ……… as they can cause serious

health problems

3 Two common symptoms of ……… are coughing and breathing with difficulty. Scientists are becoming more and more concerned about how to ……… waste safely

5 If people and businesses don’t go green, our natural resources will be ……… III Which of the followings are simple, complex or compound sentences?

1 We should protect our environment from air pollution

2 The burning of fossil fuels has led to air pollution and deforestation has caused land erosion

3 If we not stop deforestation, a lot of species will lose their habitats

4 For some people, a green lifestyle means eating organic food and wearing organic clothing Animals that are raised on certified organic pastures provide organic meat

6 Because organic vegetables are grown without the use of chemical fertilisers, they are considered healthier

IV Combine the following simple sentences, using the words from the box

1 We should all adopt a green lifestyle We will help conserve our natural resources

- ……… Some foods taste good These foods not have many nutrients

- ……… We should keep the school air clean This will improve students’ concentration and help them to learn better

- ……… Germs can cause infections in parts of our body Germs can make us feel unwell

- ……… We all start conserving the environment We can all enjoy better living conditions

- ……… Coal remains one of the most important energy sources Coal is still used in a lot of power plants

- ……… V Fill in each sentence with the correct form of the word/ phrase from the box.

deplete combustion organic disposal of soot particle pathway clutter

1 The focus of the seminar will be on ……… hazardous waste

2 Some people still think that our natural resources can never be ……… A good way of clearing ………… from your home is to sort it into ‘throw away’, ‘put away’, and ‘give away’ boxes

4……… farming avoids the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides Incomplete ……… often gives off toxic by-products

6……… are so tiny that they can enter the bloodstream causing health problems Green technology has been part of the ……… to economic progress

VI Combine the following simple sentences into compound sentences, using appropriate conjunctions

1 We read food labels carefully We want to buy only organic products

- ……… The burning of fossil fuels is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions The burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution

- ……… Regular exercise is essential to longevity It is not the only factor

- ……… Noise pollution can cause stress and psychological problems Try to spend some peaceful, quiet time in nature

- ……… VII Combine the following simple sentences into complex sentences, using the word in bracket

1 We change our consumption habits We can reduce our carbon footprint (if)

- ……… We should use bicycles instead of cars This will help to reduce exhaust fumes and pollution (because)

- ……… Fossil fuels are burned They emit harmful gas into the environment at the same time (when)

- ……… Protect the environment You live there (where)

- ……… We reuse bags, old clothes and scrap paper at home We can reduce waste (so that)

- ……… VIII Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

Combustion organic soot technological

clutter depletion

1 Carbon dioxide and black carbon, or ……… , are two of the most dangerous air pollutants

2 The more ……… food we consume, the more health benefits we gain

3 Research has shown that office … has negative effects on employers’ productivity and job performance

4 Using renewable resources is the best option for preventing the ………… of fossil-based resources

IX Connect each pair of sentences with an appropriate conjunction in to make compound sentences

neither … nor but and so either … or

1 People should not throw rubbish in the park People should not cut down the trees in the park

- ……… Mould and mildew can cause health problems We need to remove any growth regularly

- ……… For a start, we should use renewable resources We should also consume more organic food

- ……… Modern household appliances make our life more convenient Some of them are not eco-friendly and cause pollution

- ……… We should not waste paper We should not cut down any trees either

- ……… X Read the text and choose the best answer and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG)

If you want to make your school green, think beyond your classrooms Here are some suggestions that are all easy and simple to follow, and can make a big difference in reducing your carbon footprint and creating a sustainable community One of the places where both teachers and students often spend some of their time is the library An eco-friendly reading space is likely to create a favourable impression on library users, and bring some significant educational benefits For example, you can install energy-saving products like fans instead of air-conditioners which consume a lot of energy You can also use biodegradable dust cloths or old T-shirts to clean the environment In addition, to raise public awareness, allocate a clearly visible space on the noticeboard for everyday green tips like ‘Let others reuse your book’

heating to save the environment as one pool with gas or electric heater may emit tons of carbon dioxide each year

Finally, focus on the school gym, which is perhaps the most interactive and exciting place for all school staff Think of installing low-flow taps and showers to save gallons of water per minute and energy-saving lights to cut the cost of electricity Moreover, make sure that the airflow pathways are clear and free of mould, mildew and other allergens

1 What you think is the best title for the text? A How to make your community green

B Ways to raise students’ awareness of being environmentally friendly C How to make your school more sustainable

2 For which of these places does the writer NOT offer any green suggestions?

A Classrooms B Gymnasium C Library

3 Which energy-saving product is NOT mentioned in the text?

A Fans B Solar heating C Energy-efficient

windows Statements:

1 The writer claims that the suggestions are effective, simple, and easy to Old T-shirts can be used as dust cleaners

3 Daily tips on how to recycle books are placed on the library noticeboard A salt-water pool will cost less to maintain than a chlorinated one

5 Solar heaters may release a large amount of CO2

Grade 12n Review unit 1-2-3

I Fill in each sentence with the correct form of the word from the box.

urbanise industrialise dispose distinguish respect reserve

1 The ……… of natural resources is essential in today’s economic and technological development

2 Ladies and gentlemen, may I introduce our ……… guest? The principal of our school is a highly ……… man

4 Rapid … may lead to a shortage of livable housing, traffic congestion, and air pollution in urban areas

5 Proper ………of harmful chemicals can prevent air and water pollution

6 The government has proposed new measures to boost ……… in the country II Match the words on the left with the words on the right to form compound

adjectives Then use them to complete the sentences

well wide

long provoking

world peak

thought term

off planned

1 The speaker’s ……… presentation led to an interesting debate on urbanisation and sustainable development

2 We’ll pay less if we use ……… electricity

3 My parents prefer living in a place with a ……… infrastructure and plenty of green space

4 If we can keep track of our carbon footprint, our green lifestyle will have ……… environmental benefits

5 The story of Larry Stewart has attracted ……… attention

III Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs from the box

offer come provide complete join

1 Our class monitor Manh Tung insisted that everyone ……… the three-day tour of Sa Pa

3 My parents suggested that my elder brother ………… back to my home village after graduating from university to help the community

4 It is essential that cities ……… access to facilities that many rural areas cannot provide

5 It is desirable that villagers ……… with better services, education and job opportunities

IV Make compound or complex sentences, using the prompts and words in brackets students/ keep/ homes/ schools/ green/ clean/ contribute/ Go Green/ campaign (if)

→ ……… ……… burning/ fossil fuels/ emit/ harmful gases/ people/ still/ use/ heating/ cooking (but)

→ ……… city buses/ taxis/ use/ noise reduction devices/ run/ environmentally friendly/ fuels (and) → ……… many residents/ coal fires/ cooking/ can/ seriously/ pollute/ air/ city (which)

→ ……… they/ use/ corn/ make/ bio-fuels/ may/ lead/ food shortages (which)

→ ……… V Read the text and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG)

While urbanisation has led to fast urban growth, counter-urbanisation has resulted in the opposite situation Counter-urbanisation happens when a great number of people move from

urban areas into rural areas

This phenomenon is linked to the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of migration Trying to avoid overcrowded inner cities, city dwellers look for larger, cleaner and quieter houses with more land at cheaper prices in rural or suburban areas They want to escape the air and noise

pollution, and the crime in inner cities

However, counter-urbanisation causes serious problems in the shrinking cities These cities face severe economic strain and a sharp increase in poverty Despite declining populations, they still have to spend money maintaining infrastructure, such as roads, sanitation, public transport, etc., built for a much larger population

They earn money from well-paid city jobs and high-valued city properties Villagers often find it more and more difficult to earn a living and provide for their families

Counter-urbanisation has caused many negative effects Governments should find urgent short-term solutions before implementing a long-term comprehensive programme to make life sustainable for people in both urban and rural areas

1.Urbanisation and counter-urbanisation are two opposite trends

2.City dwellers look for houses in rural or suburban areas just because they are cheap 3.Shrinking cities still face high rates of crime

4.When populations decline, cities spend less money on maintaining infrastructure

5.Country villages quickly lose their unique character and charm when they become urbanised and grow fast

6.Governments should offer immediate short-term solutions to make life sustainable for both urban and rural inhabitants

IV Write meaningful sentences, using the prompts

1.solar energy/ come directly/ sun/ renewable energy source/ sustainable/

→ ……… 2.this type/ energy/ environmentally friendly/ not cause pollution/

→ ……… 3.solar energy/ available everywhere/ very quiet/ devices/ not have moving parts/

→ ……… 4.solar panels/ expensive/ use rare/ special materials/ technology/ store solar energy/ costly/ → ……… 5.solar energy/ not always available/ access/ sunlight/ limited/ certain times/

→ ……… 6.although/ greener/ fossil fuels/ production/ solar panels/ emit/ greenhouse gases/

Grade 12 Unit – The mass media I Match the words with their meanings

1 the mass media addicted efficient social networking cyber bullying instant

messaging

a unable to stop doing something because you like it very much

b the use of websites and applications to connect with people who share similar interests

c the main means of communication reaching people on a large scale, such as television, radio, movies, newspapers, etc

d a type of real-time online chat

e doing something well with no waste of time, money, or energy f the use of electronic communication to hurt, threaten or embarrass someone

II Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

the mass media addicted efficient

social networking cyber bullying instant messaging

1 Most people rely heavily on ……… as their main source of information Millions of teenagers around the world are ……… to computer and video games

3 Teenagers can become addicted to ……… if they can’t control the time they spend online

4 Online advertising is more ……… than TV ads because of the huge number of Internet users

5 Young people like ……… because of its speed, convenience and privacy Many Internet users delete their social accounts because of ……… III Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 Alexander Graham Bell (invent) ……… ……… the telephone when Thomas Edison (complete) ……… his second model of the phonograph in 1887 National Geographic, one of the most influential magazines, (appear) ……… in 1899, which (help) … to increase readers’ cultural awareness and understanding through high-quality photo essays

4 Linda only (understand) ……… the film after she (read) ……… the book 5.A: ………… you ever (appear) ……… on TV before you (take part) ………… in this reality show?

B: Yes, I (have) ………

6 I can’t believe I (get) ……… the position of a TV announcer I

(submit) ……… my application two months ago, but I did not think I had a chance getting it When I (show) ………….……… up at the interview, there were at least fifteen people who (arrive) ……….… before me

7 All job applicants (finish, already) ………… their interviews and (leave) … when I (arrive) ……

IV Match the words with their meanings audience

(n)

2 broadcast (v)

3 advert (n) the masses emerge (v) advent (n)

a appear; begin to be known or noticed

b the ordinary people in society who are not leaders or who are considered to be not very well educated

c the people who watch or listen to a particular programme (a play, concert, talk, etc.)

d send out programmes on TV or radio

e the time when something first begins to be widely used

f a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or service V Read the text and choose the beast heading and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG)

A The history of print media B Forms of mass media

C The advent of the Digital Media Age D Means of mobile communication

The mass media are means of communication, such as books, newspapers, recordings, radio, movies, television, mobile phones and the Internet, that can reach a large audience

Although the first printed books had appeared long before in China, the term ‘mass media’ we use today was coined with the creation of print media, which started in Europe in the Middle Ages This is also considered the first example of mass media due to the large number of readers then

people about their rights and responsibilities is another function of mass media Until recently, mass media forms were classified into six categories according to the sequence of their advent: print, recordings, cinema, radio, television and the Internet Each form has its own characteristic content types, creative artists and business models In the early 21st century, with the explosion of mobile communication technology, the mobile

phone has emerged as a new and unique media channel Video and computer games have also developed into a mass media form

The Internet and mobile communication is now the most popular means of receiving information and interacting with people through email, instant messaging, apps, search engines, blogs, social networks and other services Most print and broadcast media have a presence on the web by having video adverts or Quick Response Codes (QR Codes) that link to specific websites

Each form of mass media has had an important impact on society, for example, books have helped people to educate themselves while newspapers have recorded daily events Magazines were the first visual medium before the advent of television, which together with radio, brought entertainment and news programmes into people’s homes However, all these media had to change and adapt to the advent of the Internet and Digital Media Age New digital media forms are more personal and social as they allow people to connect with each other, collaborate and share information and personalise their experiences

1 Mobile phones and the Internet are the only forms of mass media

2 The role of mass media is to entertain, amuse, inform, educate and unite people The mobile phone is regarded as a unique means of communication

4 People nowadays prefer instant messaging and social networking to emails Only digital media have influenced people’s lives and society

VI Fill in the passage with a word from the box.

To conclude, the (5) ……… mode of communication for the students at Intel Secondary School is social networking Of all the other forms – mobile phone talking, emailing, face-to-face socialising and instant messaging – students use face-to-face socialising (6) ………

VII Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

advent social media microblogging mass media social networking app

1 Businesses can reach a wider audience using ……….………

2 One of the most popular ways to meet people is online ………

3 The missing jet planes received heavy coverage in the ……… - TV, newspapers, radio and the Internet

4 A/An ………… is a piece of software, which can run on the Internet, on your computer, on your phone or other electronic device

5 The ……… of DVDs has made watching films very convenient 6……… is writing brief entries about the daily activities of an individual or company

VIII Complete the following sentences with an appropriate preposition Now we rely heavily ……… computers to organise our work Last week we carried ………a survey on social networking Listen ……… him and follow his instructions

4 They are searching ……… the source of the leak

5 What you think ……… advertising our products on social media?

6 Take the recording equipment ……… you in case you need to record something IX Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 I ……… (have) an email account for ten years before it was hacked

2 Last week we …… (attend) a presentation on the advantages and disadvantages of social networking

3 Jack ……… … (delete) his blog after he ………… ………… (receive) many negative comments

4 Since I …… (get) a smartphone for my birthday, I ……… … (stop) using my brother’s laptop to surf the Net

5 My parents ………….… (waste) a lot of their time writing letters before

6 I ………… (edit) all my videos from my holiday before I ……… ……(upload) them to my blog

X Read all the verbs, paying attention to the pronunciation of the ending –ed Circle the letter of the odd one out

1.A chatted B surprised C downloaded D started

2.A accessed B increased C searched D addicted

3.A watched B connected C addicted D printed

4.A subscribed B used C challenged D liked

5.A wasted B excited C relied D invented

6.A controlled B listened C expressed D received

7.A welcomed B introduced C developed D influenced

.XI Write (T) for a/t/ sound, (ID) for an/id/ and (D) for a/d/ sound in brackets

1.The history of mass media can be traced ( ) back to the days when dramas were performed ( ) in various ancient cultures

2.Although we know that books had been printed ( ) earlier, the first dated printed book known was created ( ) in China in 868 AD

3.The printing press was invented ( ) around 1440 by a German man called Johannes Gutenberg

4.The phrase ‘the media’ started ( ) to be used ( ) in the 1920s

5.Until 1950s, when radio, television, and video were introduced ( ), the notion of ‘mass media’ was generally restricted ( ) to print media

6.The audio-visual facilities became very popular because they provided ( ) both

information and entertainment The colour and sound engaged ( ) the viewers or listeners It was easier for them to passively watch TV or listen to the radio than to actively read

7.The growth of mass media was driven by technology which allowed ( ) much duplication of material during the 20thcentury.

XII Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

Social networking mass media instant messaging interact efficient advent

1 The ……… can provide useful resources for learning and teaching, stimulate interest, and develop knowledge

3……… … helps to expand the number of people’s business and social contacts by making connections between individuals and companies

4 Most people nowadays ……… … with their computers more often than with their family and friends

5……… is the coming or arrival of something or someone that is important or worthy of note

6 Digital broadcasting is much more ……… … than advertising in print materials because it allows larger audiences to access the information

XIII Complete the following sentences with an appropriate preposition The IT specialists apologised ……… being late because of the traffic jam Minh apologised …………his form teacher for the late submission of his essay He was awarded a medal for saving a four-year-old boy ……… drowning This young man specialises ……… computer software

5 This shampoo smells ……… bananas

6 If you keep making so much noise, I won’t be able to concentrate ……… my work Nobody responded ………… the complaint about the shortage of teaching resources She always writes emails ……… us

9 He’s talking ……… his teacher ……… his new project

XIV Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tenses Use the negative form or passive voice

1 I (already buy) ……… my desktop computer when I (give) ……… a tablet PC

2 She (not, use) ……… any of the social networking sites until he (show) ……… her how to it

3 Minh (have) ……… an email account for five years when someone (hack) ………… his account

4 She (use) ………… a simple mobile phone for ten years before she (get) …… a smartphone last year

5 By the time Minh (telephone) ……… me, I (already, finish) ……… updating my social networking profile

6 Charles David ‘Doc’ Herrold (be) ………… an American radio broadcasting pioneer, who (create) ……… the world’s second radio station in 1909

XV Underline the correct word in each sentence

2 I hadyet/ already finished my phone call by the time my classmate Mai arrived. Minh hadn’t finished his essaywhen/ by the time the submission deadline came. The form teacher had requested that all the exercises should be completedas soon as/ before he dismissed the class.

5 Howmuch/ long had you been on the computer before it froze?

6 They had exchanged emails and instant messages longafter/ before they met face to face. I had always wanted to own a new tablet PCso/ as I bought one today!

XVI Read the text and fill the gap with the appropriate sentences (a-f) There is one extra sentence

a On the other hand, there are many people who think that social networking can expose users to inappropriate contents and even cyberbullying.

b The mass media can provide good resources for learning in the classroom because we are surrounded by it in our daily lives.

c Many parents complain that their children spend a lot of time on social networking sites and are distracted from their schoolwork and social life by doing homework less and

spending less time with friends and family.

d In conclusion, social media has become popular and helpful in today’s society and has a great impact on all aspects of life.

e It has become the preferred way of interaction for young people because of its speed, convenience, and wide range of functions.

f Social networking, which are closely tied to the Internet, have had a strong influence on people and society, and have changed their habits and behaviour.

The Internet has been the most exciting medium among all other forms of mass media because of its diversified services and constant development (1) ……… While most people hold positive opinions about social networking, there are some negative views as well

escape from reality can access a huge store of online games, music and videos in different genres

(3) …… Some people complain that it is annoying to encounter repeated themes across sites Some say they cannot sense the emotion or enthusiasm from the other person because there is no face-to-face communication Many think social networking can be addictive and time-consuming if users spend most of their day on useless microblogging or become obsessed with the private lives of other people (4) …… A lot of teachers think microblogging can promote laziness and poor writing skills because students tend to post very short messages and rely heavily on the Internet as their source of information These are some of the many

negative views on social networking

(5) …… However, people’s opinions about its benefits differ because of their experiences, social background and age It is clear that social media comes with great responsibility, and people should fully understand the risks before they start using this modern tool

Read the text again and answer the questions

1 Which mass media form is considered the most exciting? - ……… Why young people like instant messaging?

- ……… How can people relax and escape from reality?

- ……… What is the risk of using social networking?

- ……… Why many people think social networking can be addictive?

- ……… Why people have different opinions about social media?

Grade 12 Unit – Cultural identity I Match the words with their meanings

1 national costumes assimilate custom maintain cultural practices

6 multicultural

a traditional way of behaving and doing things in a particular society make something continue in the same way as before

the traditional clothes worn by people from a particular country on special occasions

become part of a country or community by fully integrating into their society or culture

activities related to religion, art, customs, diet, etc

including people of different races, religions, languages and traditions II Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

Cultural identifiers national costumes integrated assimilated custom

maintain cultural practice for granted multicultural aspects

1 Some ethnic groups have strange ……… such as walking on fire to prevent natural disasters

2 The Vietnamese people still follow the …… of giving lucky money to children during the Tet holidays

3 The ao dai, cheongsam, kimono and sari are women’s ……… in some Asian countries

4 Many ethnic groups find it difficult to ……… their own language or preserve their culture

5 People living in a(n) ………… society should learn to respect and understand different cultural values

6 Migrants may lose their cultural identity as they become ……… into the new community

7 He had taken it ……… that his friend would tell the truth

8……… are characteristics shared by individuals belonging to the same group or community

9 When he studied abroad, he successfully ……… into the local culture 10 His book covers all ……… of a migrant’s life

2 For many years, the villagers (try) ……… very hard to bring back the old custom

3 That tower (stand) ……… on top of the hill for 300 years

4 My father (work) ………… in the garden all morning He (plant) ………… a lot of tulips and roses

5 They (go) ………… to Hue to attend the festival there and won’t be back until next week I (not finish) ……… reading the book about Thai culture yet, so I can’t answer your questions

IV Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives

1 My father’s cooking is getting (good) ……… as the years go by A lot of people are migrating to the city to look for work The cost of living there is becoming (high) ………

3 It’s getting (difficult) ……… to find a job these days

4 The race car was running (fast) ……… when it crashed into a tree

5 With the development of the Internet, (few) ……… people send greetings cards on special occasions

6 The practice of using (many) ………… chemicals to improve crop yields is harmful to people’s health

V Fill in the passage with the correct form of the word from the box.

feature unique share demonstrate

unify express unite invade

For most people, (1) ……… one's cultural identity is often a way to show who they are and how they relate to others It can be (2) ……… through their language, food, clothing, beliefs, music and festivals Among these (3) ………… , language is what makes me Vietnamese There are several reasons for this

Vietnamese is the language that can (4) ………… the people of my country in the face of any danger Although there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language It is the means of communication at school and in my community It allows me to experience and (5) ……… my culture

In conclusion, Vietnamese as the community and national language is the most powerful (7) ………… force That is why it is also the most meaningful part of my cultural identity This beautiful and (8) ……… language defines me as a person and I am very proud of it

VI Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

cultural identity national pride national costume

cultural practices preserve solidarity

1 Festivals help people to ……… their traditions and strengthen community spirit I think the most important feature of the ……… of a nation is the language

3 Many of the ……… in India are linked to the natural environment The villagers show their ……… by playing traditional gongs and drums During the war, many countries expressed ……… with Vietnamese people 6 In Viet Nam, during the wedding ceremony, the bride usually wears the ao dai,

a ………., and then she changes into a western-style wedding gown for the reception VII Read the exchanges Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or present perfect continuous Use the passage voice if necessary

1.Lian: Did Vietnamese men wear the ao dai in the past?

Ha: Yes But nowadays men only wear it on special occasions The ao

dai (become) ……… a symbol of the Vietnamese feminine beauty, and many fashion designers (continue) ……… to create new designs for it

Lian: I see By the way, I heard that there will be an Ao dai Grand Fashion Show at Hue Festival next month

Ha: Yes My sister, who is a fashion designer, (work) ……… day and night to prepare for the show

2.Kim: Tony, Englishmen wear kilts?

Tony: Not really Scottish men wear kilts, as a way to express their cultural identity.

Kim: But I (never, see) ……… you in a kilt You’re from Scotland, aren’t you? Tony: Yes, I am I have a kilt, and I (wear) ……… it five times this year, but I only wear it on special occasions

Kim: You should wear it more often You know, the Scottish kilt (even,

1 My English tests are getting (hard)……… As a result, I’m getting (low) ……… test scores

3 It’s becoming (difficult) ……… for me to keep up with the other students in my class

4 It seems that the textbook just gets (complicated) ………

5 Now I have to spend (much) ……… time reviewing the lessons every day Consequently, I have (little) ……… time for recreation

IX Fill in each sentence with a word/ phrase from the box.

assimilation celebrated cultural culture

preserve

solidarity identity immigrants multicultural

national pride

1 Children of ……… may find it difficult to form their cultural identity People going to study or work overseas for the first time might experience ……… shock to some degree

3 Some workers may have specific ………… needs or requirements, which employers should take into account

4 The university students expressed their ……… with the factory workers, who demanded higher pay and better working conditions

5 The Japanese New Year has been ……… on January of each year since 1873 Critics say the new policy has resulted in complete cultural ……… of non-English speaking immigrants

7 Her success as the world chess champion is a source of ………

8 In ……… societies, people are encouraged to maintain their heritage languages and traditions

9 The organisation is helping Native American tribes to ……… their culture and language

10 Remember that things such as language, food and clothing are simply expressions of our cultural …

X Find the mistakes and correct

1 - Have you ever been working in a place where your colleagues are from diverse cultural backgrounds?

2 I have done this English course for three months only and I am expected to make quick progress in the rest of the programme

3 I have tried many traditional dishes on the numerous overseas trips I make for the past five years

4 My grandparents lived in this country for 30 years, but they still keep thinking about their home country

5 The family have arrived last month and they will need some time to get used to their new environment

XI Fill in the passage with the correct form of the word from the box. ancestors controversial superstition rituals generations authorities proud

expressions

While people’s cultural identity is undoubtedly always protected and regarded as their most important characteristic, its (1) ……… can sometimes be inappropriate, particularly in today’s modern society In the age of increased globalisation, some festivals include (2) ……… that are considered too old-fashioned and obviously need to be modified

An example is the (3) ……… pig-slaughter festival in a village in northern Viet Nam There has been outrage in the country and other parts of the world as shocking photos and videos have shown the pigs getting tied down and sliced in half According to ancient beliefs, this festival is celebrated to pray for good luck and fortune in the new year

The pig-slaughter ceremony has taken place in the village for many centuries The older (4) ……… insist on continuing this so-called ‘cultural’ practice and have argued that they are keeping the traditions of their (5) …… alive They also say it does not break the law and should be decided by the villagers

Concerns about this backward festival have been raised not only by international animal rights groups, but also by the (6) ……… … They have called on villagers to make certain adjustments to the ceremony A government spokesperson has also expressed disapproval of cultural practices that are based on (7) ……… and barbarian practices

Grade 12n Review 4-5

I Fill in each sentence with the correct form word/ phrase from the box.

digital device social networking blog

mass media instant messaging advent

1.He uses his ……… to write about his passion for science

2.In general, ……… sites are good for our society because they help to connect people

3.Smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers are all ………

4.People rely on the ……… such as television, radio, newspapers and the Internet as the main source of information

5……… allows people to communicate in real-time with friends and family directly from their smartphones or computers

6.With the ………… of mobile technology, people have come to expect a response immediately

II Put the words in brackets in the correct form.

1.Many immigrants were forced to ……… into the dominant culture.(assimilation) 2.Languages represent a way of life and are important for preserving a people’s

cultural ……… (identify)

3……… costumes help people to learn about their history and preserve their heritage.(nation)

4.Differences between people based on nationality, ………, gender, class, religion beliefs, etc might be sources of conflicts in a multicultural environment.(ethnic)

5.In the age of globalisation, many young people choose to maintain their own culture and ………… …… different aspects of other cultures into it.(integration)

III Complete the following sentences with an appropriate preposition 1.May I introduce you ………… our new computer technician?

2.I am thinking ……… buying a new laptop because this one is too old 3.My brother would like to specialise ……… computer science

4.You can use my smartphone to search ……… the materials you need 5.This security app can protect users’ devices ……… hackers

IV Put the words in brackets in the correct form.

Quang: No I’m sorry I (2 not sweep) ……… … the floor yet, but I (3. wash) ……….……… all the dishes

Quang’s mother: Oh, that’s good And where’s your sister? I (4 try) …… to call her at least five times

Quang: Really? She’s in her room She (5 study) ……… for her exams all morning

V Match the two halves of the sentences 1.I’m getting better and better

2.When the technician finally installed the app,

3.Before my grandad came to visit me, 4.With the advent of digital media

5.The noise was getting louder and louder 6.I had used the student blog and discussion forum

7.My friend never told me

a fewer and fewer people are using postal services

b before I moved to this school

c he had already signed up for the course d so I covered my ears

e I had already left the store f at cooking traditional dishes

g he had never flown on an aeroplane

.VI Fill in the gap with the correct form of the word from the box.

deplete employ conserve agriculture efficiency

1.A lot of forests have been cut down to make way for ………land 2.The world’s fish populations are at risk of ………

3.As the economy grew, the country’s ……… rate dropped below 5% in February 4.The candidate decided to stop the campaign because it was too expensive

and ………

5.The first ……… areas were designated in 1967 in England .VII Choose the best answer

1.It is recommended that people _ regular exercise

A.took B.to take C.take D.taking

2.In the past, families were bigger because people more children

A.were having B.had C.have D.have had

3.The police have advised people that their doors locked at all times

A.be kept B.kept C.to be kept D.being kept

A.was finishing B.used to finish C.finish D.finished

5. water is considered _ vital source of life, but _ water of Colox City is so polluted that people could die if they only drank drop of it A.x/a/the/a B.The/the/the/a C The/the/the/the D.x/x/x/x

6.More than ten students have failed the exams, which _ the class teacher A.had surprised B.have surprising C.is surprising D.has surprised 7.How much you charge _ a bunch of red roses?

A.to B.in C.for D.with

8.Before the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, many Germans _ that the German army _

A.had not believed/was defeated B.did not believe/had been defeated C.were not believing/have been defeated D.have not believed/had been defeated 9.He _ about his noisy neighbours five times today

A.has been complaining B.has complained C.would complain D.used to complain

10.As the plane was climbing into the sky, the ground was getting away

A.higher/far and far B.higher/a little further

C.higher and higher/further and further D.highest and highest/furthest and furthest 11.I am exhausted I _ around the whole afternoon trying to clean the house before the guests arrive

A.have been running B.have run C.be running D.was running 12.I _ Mary since this morning Do you have any idea where she is?

A.have been phoned B.am phoning C.have phoned D.have been phoning

13.He is not and finds it difficult to pay for daily necessities

A.well-paid B.well-paying C.well-prepared D.best paid

14.There have been _ efforts to reduce the impact of global warming on the planet

A.world wide B.worldwide C.planetwide D.wideworld

15.When I lived in London, I often visited _ British Museum and _ Tower Bridge

A.x/x B.the/the C.the/x D.x/the

Lee Kuan Yew - the founding father of modern Singapore

Lee Kuan Yew was appointed as the first prime minister of Singapore in 1959 when the nation became a self-governing state At that time, Singapore per capita income was only about USD400 When Lee stepped down in 1990, the gure was USD11,000 and in 2014 it went up to over 56,000, even higher than that of its former colonizer, Great Britain In his memoirs published in 2000, he wrote ‛They laughed at us, but I was confident that we would have the last laugh.’

Born into a middle-class Chinese family in Singapore, Lee was influenced by the language and institutions of the British rulers He was destined to go to the UK to study law, but the Second World War broke out and he had to go to the local Raffles College where he learnt some economics It was not until 1946 when he talked his way to Cambridge and graduated three years later with a starred first It was during this time that he nurtured ambitions beyond starting a legal career back home

As a prime minister, he has always been described as an efficient and inventive person He was one of the greatest statesmen who proved to the whole world that human ingenuity, not natural resources, is the essential element of prosperity Lee is also believed to be very forward-looking When Singapore gained independence in 1965, he decided to keep English as the main language to increase economic benefits Although many of his policies are still considered controversial, they helped Singapore to overcome many obstacles and become one of the most admired international business and financial centres around the world

1.Lee Kuan Yew was Singapore’s prime minister for

A.31 years B.55 years C.41 years D.61 years

2.The worddestined is closest in meaning to .

A.ordered B.scheduled C.refused D.made

3.He did not go to Cambridge to study law until 1946 because A.he had already been in fluenced by the British system

B.he had to study economics at Raffles College C.Britain was at war

D.he did not want to pursue a legal career

4.The wordforward-looking is closest in meaning to .

A.progressive B.conservative C.developing

D.distinguished

A.were never subject to disagreement B.promoted people’s solidarity C.transformed Singapore into a prosperous city D.related to business and finance IX Fill in the passage with the correct form of the word from the box.

custom celebrate locate globe history

Grade 12n Unit – Endangered species I Fill in the gap with the word from the box.

survival (n) vulnerable (adj) extinct (adj) endangered (adj) conservation (n) habitat (n) evolution (n) biodiversity (n)

1.Darwin’s theory of ……… has helped to explain the disappearance of some species and the ……… of others

2.The saola and the rhino are considered ……… species in Viet Nam

3.The giant panda’s natural ……… is the bamboo forest Giant pandas like to eat bamboo leaves

4.Baby sea turtles are most ……… when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea They are convenient targets for birds and other animals

5.Mammoths and dinosaurs used to live on our earth quite a long time ago, but they are now ………

6……… helps to maintain the balance of nature that we rely on for our well-being and benefit

7.The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an organisation which is working on issues related to ………., research and restoration of the environment II Complete the sentences using the present perfect or the future perfect tense 1.By next summer, our rescue team (save and take

in)……… hundreds of endangered animals

2.Look at this cute little bear It (live) ……… in the wildlife park for six months, and it’ll be released back into the wild next month

3.If you come to the conference on wildlife protection after 10 a.m., the most interesting presentation (finish)………

4.By the end of today, Kim (visit) ……… all of the animal rescue centres in the city

5.I’ll start writing my essay on protection of endangered species as soon as I (collect) ……… enough information

III Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets 1.Increasing trade in ivory products is a threat to the (survive) ……… of elephants

3.Plants and trees can be (danger) ……… like animals The lady slipper orchid is an example

4.Dinosaurs and mammoths are classified as EX, meaning extinct, on the (conserve) ……… status scale

5.If (poach) ………… continues at current rates, elephants, rhinos and other African wildlife may be gone within our lifetime

6.Darwin’s theory of (evolve) ……… explains that the strongest species can survive because they have the ability to adapt to the new environment better than others IV Rewrite these sentences, using double comparatives

1.As people need more land to build houses, they cut down more forests

………

2.The unemployment rate is getting higher, so the crime rate is becoming higher as well

………

3.If you get a better education, there will be more opportunities for you to get a good job

………

4.As it is raining more heavily, the flooding will become worse

………

5.There are more and more cars in our city, so we will have to suffer more from polluted air

………

6 As we witness more damage to wildlife, we want to put more effort into protecting wild plants and animals

………

V Fill in the gap with the word from the box.

vulnerable endangered poached diversity extinction

evolutionary evolution

1.Many people think the money spent on protecting ……… species should be used for improving the lives of the local people

2.Animals classified as CR on the conservation status scale are in danger of ……… 3.Old people and children are particularly ……… to lung diseases in the cold weather 4.Elephants are usually ………… for their tusks, while rhinos are killed for their horns 5.This river used to have the greatest ……… of freshwater fish in the country, but now very few species are found here

.VI Find the mistake and correct

1.I’ll wait for you here until you will have finished your work 2.The faster you drive, it becomes more dangerous

3.By the time we will have got to the conference about wildlife protection, the opening speech will have started

4.The more severe climate change becomes, the more serious wildlife is affected 5.More people move to the city, the higher the cost of living there gets

VII Fill in the passage with the word from the box.

endangered seeking abundant wild dedicated

declining

The 12th of August is World Elephant Day, which is an international annual

event (1) ……… to the preservation and protection of the world’s elephants Why is there a day for elephants? The answer can be found in the fact that this species’ population is rapidly (2) ……… , and they need help

In 1930, there were about 10 million African elephants in the wild In 1989, when they were added to the international list of the most (3) ……… species, there were about 600,000 remaining Elephant numbers have dropped by 62% over the last decade, and they could be mostly extinct by the end of the next decade An estimated one hundred African elephants are killed each day by poachers (4) ………… ivory, meat, and body parts, leaving only 400,000 alive today

Grade 12n Unit – Artificial intelligence I Match the words with their meanings

1.incredible (adj) 2.activate (v) 3.capable (adj) 4.resurrect (v) 5.emotion (n)

a having the ability or qualities necessary for doing something b bring something back into use

c impossible or difficult to believe d strong feeling

e make a device start working

II Fill in the gap with the correct form of the word from the box.

incredible activate capable resurrect emotion

1.Her ……… was so strong that it brought tears to her eyes

2.Deep Blue is a chess-playing computer developed by IBM that was ………of defeating the world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997

3.After two thousand years, the deceased Monica was ……… by the future artificial intelligence

4.This programme is used to ……… the new generation robots

5.Many viewers like the Star Treck films which have lots of ……… space travels

III Read the text and choose the best answer There may be more than once correct answer to some questions

A.I or artificial intelligence is the intelligence displayed by machines or software

Many industries today use highly automated vehicles that can drive with almost no human intervention Smart robots have replaced humans in stressful and dangerous jobs, and in assembly lines doing tasks such as packing and lifting heavy things

In science and medicine, A.I techniques help medical doctors to discover subtle interactions between medications that put patients at risk because of their serious side eff ects Patients at highest risk of complications are also detected based on these techniques

In navigation, devices using the GPS (Global Positioning System) help drivers or pilots to find the best routes to their destination by avoiding obstacles, traffic jams, and accidents In military, A.I robots are used to explore dangerous environments containing explosives or contaminated by nuclear weapons

hundreds of millions of people with search results related to weather, traffic predictions, book recommendations, educational institutions, music, films, and games A.I applications on the Internet can translate web pages in real time, and even help users to learn new languages Many A.I experts believe that A.I technology will soon make even greater advances in many other areas Modern robots will be more intelligent and replace humans in many dangerous jobs and environments This will certainly improve our lives in the near future 1.What types of A.I technology can be seen in today’s industries?

A.Human-like robots. B.Automated cars.

C.Machines controlled by humanoids. D.Packing and lifting machines. 2.Which of these A.I applications in medicine is mentioned in the text?

A.Operating on patients at highest risk of complications. B.Helping to treat unhealthy organs.

C.Finding out about the serious side effects of some medications. D.Discovering how medications interact within the human body. 3.How can the GPS help you?

A.Recommend your destination.

B.Show you the fastest way to your destination. C.Show you how to get out of traffic jams. D.Drive the car automatically.

4.What is the function of voice recognition?

A.Identifying human voices. B.Copying human commands. C.Recording human voices. D.Translating human commands. 5.How can Internet users understand foreign language texts?

A.They can learn the language on the Internet. B.They can guess the meaning using search engines. C.They can get information about them on the Internet. D.They can use a translating application.

6.What will A.I robots in the near future be capable of having according to many A.I experts?

A.Human-like emotions. B.Healthy lifestyles.

C.Dangerous behaviour. D.Higher levels of intelligence. IV Fill in the passage with the word from the box.

evolution consequences efforts

form threat technology Stephen Hawking warns A.I could end mankind

Professor Stephen Hawking told the BBC that (1) …… to create thinking machines pose a (2) ……… to humans and the development of full artificial intelligence could end human existence His warning came in response to a question about the (3) ……… that he uses to communicate The device which he uses is a basic (4) ………… of A.I He thinks the primitive forms of artificial intelligence developed so far have already proved very useful However, he fears the (5) ……… of creating something that can match or surpass humans could lead to their(6) ……… because humans would not be able to compete with A.I due to their slow biological (7) ………

V Match the words with their meanings malfunction

(n)

2 implant (v) futurist (n) complicated (adj)

5 exterminate (v)

6 cyber-attack (n)

A a person who studies the future and makes predictions about it based on current trends

B kill or destroy somebody completely

C failure to work normally because of a fault or bad design

D insert or fix something in a person’s body, especially by surgery E an illegal attempt to harm someone’s computer system, or the information on it, using the Internet

F difficult to analyse, understand, or explain

VI Fill in the gap with the correct form of the word from the box.

life-threatening reduce exterminate futurist operating leading malfunction After the power cuts last night, the machine started to ………

2 A lot of ……… think that A.I robots will be harmful to humans

3 This ……… disease caused a lot of complications during the treatment procedure Do you really think that humans will be ………… when the machines rise against them in the future?

5 It costs a lot of money to upgrade the ………… system and the workers’ skills in this car plant

6 In order to ………… the cost of production, the manufacturers have used robots for repetitive work

1.Instead of buying a new computer, why don’t you have your old one _?

A.to fix B.fixing C.fixed D.fixes

2.The owners of modern manufacturing plants had workers doing heavy and repetitive tasks _ by robots

A.to replace B.replacing C.replaced D.being replaced

3.NASA has had an autonomous spaceship the universe recently

A.to explore B.explored C.exploring D.explore

4.We had the computer technician the new software for us

A.to install B.intalling C.installed D.install

5.My mother always has the dishwashing machine _ the washing-up after meals

A.do B.doing C.did D.to do

6.The newspaper editor-in-chief had a newswoman _ about the latest domestic robots

A.to write B.writing C.wrote D.write

7.The teacher had his students _ their laptops to surf the Net for resources in his class

A.using B.to use C.use D.used

.VIII Fill in the gap with the word from the box.

Artificial intelligence machines advanced humans

Robots algorithm destruction automated

1……… does not exist yet, but scientists are working hard to create computers that can think like human beings

2……… are used to replace humans in dangerous or repetitive jobs

3.Intelligent ……… are widely used in many fields such as heavy industries, hospital medicine, business, and the military

4.It is believed by some people that intelligent robots will rise up against ……… in the near future

5.Many futurists believe that in the near future ……… technology will make many currently impossible things a reality

6.Computers solve problems and complete calculations by following sets of rules called ………

8.If you have ever called a company and reached an ……… voice system, you have experienced a kind of basic artificial intelligence

.IX Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets 1.Highly intelligent machines can be automated to operate without

human ……… (intervene, intervention)

2.One of the popular ……….used in smartphones at present is voice recognition (apply, application)

3.There are a lot of online language learning programs which are able to ……… with learners (interact, interaction)

4.Internet search engines can help to ……… the weather as well as traffic jams in a city (predict, prediction)

5.GPS systems help a lot of people to ……… on land, on the sea, and in the air (navigate, navigation)

6.Here is a list of my top computer game ……… (recommend, recommendation) 7.The shop owner ……… the police of the theft of computers from his shop last night (inform, information)

X Make sentences using all the information and verb given Change the word form and add more words if necessary

1.Last week/ go/ the vet’s/ dog/ vaccinate

……… 2.This afternoon/ go/ the doctor’s/ blood pressure/ take

……… 3.Yesterday/ go/ the optician’s/ eyes/ test

………

4.Last week/ talk/ accountant/ annual account/

……… 5.The day before yesterday/ see/ the architect/ new house/ design

……… 6.Next week/ go/ the dentist’s/ a tooth/ take

……… 7.Next Saturday/ go the hairdresser’s/ hair/ cut

………

8 Tomorrow/ go/ garage/ car/ service

XI Read the text and choose the best answer There may be more than once correct answer to some questions

According to futurist Ray Kurzweil, human civilisation will be unavoidably transformed in the year 2045 by an event that he calls The Singularity He suggests that exponential technological development will lead to the inevitable rise of artificial intelligence (A.I.) Such advanced technology may make humanity insignificant

Kurzweil says that technologies are double-edged swords and envisions the possibility that an artificial intelligence might decide to put an end to humanity simply because it surpasses human intelligence Kurzweil does have faith in mankind, however He suggests that people are wise to accept that technological progress is unavoidable, and that such acceptance will make the process of transition easier

Kurzweil has personal reasons to hope for the coming of The Singularity, because he wants his life to be extended by it Kurzweil envisions that future medical advances could invent tiny computerised machines, or nanobots, which operate inside the body to enhance the immune system In addition, he believes that future technology might be able to resurrect his deceased father

Looking at the state of current technological advances in many fields such as medicine, navigation, and communication, Kurzweil’s visions may not be unbelievable The critical issue, however, is whether genuine artificial intelligence can ever be truly realised Kurzweil suggests that critics of his theories, who believe that the human brain is too complex to duplicate, are underestimating what the exponential growth in technology can eventually accomplish

1.What is The Singularity?

A.An event giving rise to future human beings.

B.An event giving rise to future artificial intelligence. C.An event giving rise to future alien civilisation. 2.Why could The Singularity put an end to humans? A.Because A.I might imitate human intelligence. B.Because A.I is similar to human intelligence. C.Because A.I will exceed human intelligence. 3.What does Kurzweil say about technologies? A.Technologies are avoidable.

4.Why does Kurzweil hope for the coming of The Singularity? A.Because it would have economic advantages.

B.Because life could be extended.

C.Because human would have virtual entertainment. 5.How does Kurzweil respond to critics of his theories?

A.He thinks that they not evaluate correctly the rapid growth of technology. B.He thinks that the realisation of genuine artificial intelligence is a challenge. C.He thinks that future events cannot be predicted with our current means.

Grade 12n Unit – The world of work

I Fill in the gap with the correct form of the word from the box.

CV job seeker covering letter job interview job

advertisement

A (1) ……… is a person who is trying to find a job He or she often looks for (2) ……… – notices in newspapers or other mass media telling people about an opportunity to get a job If the job seeker is interested in the job and thinks that he is qualified for it, he will prepare a written record of his education and the jobs he has done, which is known as a (3) ……… or curriculum vitae in its full form He also needs to send a letter containing extra information which is called a (4) ………… If his application is impressive enough, he can be called for a (5) ………., which is a meeting in which interviewers ask the job seeker questions to see whether he would be the right person for that job

II Match the words with their definitions and complete the text with the correct form of the word on the left

1 apply (v) recruit (v) qualification (n)

4 relevant (adj) probation (n)

a find new people to join a company or organisation

b a certificate or a degree that you earn after completing a course or passing an exam

c a period of time during which your employer can see if you are suitable for the job

d make a formal application or request e correct or suitable for a particular purpose

perform well and impress the interviewers during the interview, they can be (4) ………… Next, the new recruits often go through a (5) ……… period that may last from several months to a year, depending on the policy of the company or organisation

III Rewrite the sentences in reported speech, using the appropriate verbs from the box in the correct tense

ask offer tell advise

1.Our teacher: ‘You must study hard for the final exams.’

→ Our teacher ……… 2.The job applicant: ‘Could you tell me if the company provides computers for all

employees?’

→ The job applicant ……… 3.The career adviser: ‘You should develop your communication and planning skills.’ → The career adviser ……… 4.My mother: ‘I’ll find information about short courses on organisational skills for you.’ → My mother ……… IV Complete the sentences, reporting what was said

1.‘Would you like to see me play in a football match?’

→ The monitor invited ……….… 2.‘Could you tell me what skills I need in order to get this job?’

→ The applicant asked the head of the human resources department ……… 3.‘If you like, I’ll find more information about the company that you are applying to.’

→ My friend offered ……… 4.‘Go ahead Apply for the job.’

→ His father encouraged ……… 5.‘The working conditions at this factory are terrible!’

→ He complained to his friends ……… 6.‘No, I can’t tell you what the director’s salary is because that information is confidential.’ → She refused ……… V Read the job advertisement Match the highlighted words with the meaning and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG)

Apprentice Administrator in a Car Dealership A successful car dealership specialising in second-hand cars is looking for an

position in administration as no experience is required The ideal candidate should also be able to work on

Saturdays

Main responsibilities

• Answering telephone calls and responding to emails • Meeting and greeting customers

• Filing and entering data

• Typing reports and creating spreadsheets • Taking minutes at meetings

• Arranging meetings Requirements

• 18 years of age or older

• Finished school with a National Certificate of Secondary Education • Excellent time-management skills

• Good communication skills • Well spoken and articulate • Responsible and self-motivated • Flexible and eager to learn • Friendly and approachable

• Well-organised

• Able to work to deadlines and prioritise tasks The successful candidate will be offered: • competitive salary

• ongoing training

• 12 days of annual leave

• long-term job prospects in the company after six-month apprenticeship

To apply for this position, send your CV and a covering letter to hr@hungphamcarsales.com For further information, please phone Ms Kim Thanh at 0123975648

Please note that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted * Find the meaning

1 a person whose job is to manage and organise the public or business affairs of a company or an institution

3 put tasks or problems in order of importance so that you can deal with the most important first

4 selected for final consideration

5 friendly and easy to understand and to talk to * True, False or not given

1.Job applicants must have the relevant working experience to apply for this job 2.The job involves office work such as typing reports and taking minutes at meetings 3.The job applicant is expected to be good at time management and communication 4.Being flexible is the most important quality required for the job

5.After finishing the apprenticeship, the person will be recruited on a long-term contract VI Match the words with their meanings

1 unique (adj) tip (n)

3 cluttered (adj) tailor (v) personnel (n)

a full of details in an untidy way b very special

c the department in a company that deals with employing and training people

d a useful piece of advice about something practical e adapt something for a particular purpose

VII Read the text about the job seeking experiences of Harry and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG)

My name is Harry and I live in Bath, a small beautiful city in the south-west of England I left school when I was 18, after taking my A levels My results were not great, but probably high enough for university However, I am not very academic so I decided not to study for a degree I thought there would be lots of companies looking for bright school leavers who want to head straight into the world of work through an apprenticeship Money was also a problem Although there are tuition loans available and my parents were willing to help me financially, I didn’t want to borrow money and then graduate from university with a huge debt

mobile catering business? Buying a small trailer didn’t require a large investment and finding someone to cook was easy Now I have a team of 15 people, travel to fantastic events around the country, sell delicious food, and then watch people enjoy it Although I didn’t get my ideal apprenticeship in software development or accountancy, I am a successful young entrepreneur

1.Harry wanted to go to university, but his A level results were too low

2.Harry believed that it would be easy to find an apprenticeship because many companies want to recruit bright school graduates

3.Harry was not successful at his first interview because he didn’t prepare well for it 4.He stopped applying for apprenticeships when he was offered part-time jobs 5.His parents gave him £200 to buy a trailer to start his mobile catering business 6.He now employs 15 people who travel with him to different events in the UK VIII Underline the correct answer

1.If you want to get a job, you should look for job (adverts/CVs).

2.Don’t forget to read the information about the required skills and qualities to see if you have the (relevant/reliable) job experience.

3.If you (change/tailor) your CV to suit the job requirements, you can increase your chances of getting an interview

4.After the CV screening process, only a small number of (interviewers/candidates) are invited for a job interview

5.The new (employee/employer) is usually confirmed after a period of probation.

IX Rewrite the sentences in reported speech, using the appropriate verbs from the box in the correct tense

urge promise encourage ask complain exclaim inform refuse 1.Mike: ‘How long will it take you to finish writing your CV, Mira?’

………

2.Mira: ‘I think I will need another two hours.’

………

3.Mike: ‘Try to finish it by p.m so that you can come and watch the football match.’

………

4.Mira: ‘That’ll give me only an hour!’

………

5.Mike: ‘Come on, just write it quickly.’

6.Mira:‘Sorry, I won’t be able to leave the house before p.m because I want to write a very impressive CV.’

………

7.Mike: ‘But you never come and see me play.’

………

8.Mira: ‘I’ll come to your next match I promise!’

………

.X Fill in the gap with the word from the box.

tailor prioritise specialize relevant shortlist approach 1.If you have ……….job experience, it will be an advantage when applying for a job 2.A beauty salon ………… in hair and beauty treatment is looking for part-time shop assistants

3.You don’t have to change all the information in your CV You just have

to ……… some of the information to make your CV suitable for the job requirements 4.Being friendly and easy to talk to, he is seen as a/an ……… manager

5.You can ………tasks when you deal with the most important task first

6.Don’t be pessimistic if you are not ……… the first time you apply for a job Look for other opportunities

.XI Complete the sentences, reporting what was said

1.‘You should find out more information about the company offering the job.’

⇒My best friend advised me ………

2.‘I’ll cook dinner and the washing-up when you work night shifts.’

⇒Her roommate offered ………

3.‘Don’t waste time on the Internet Find a job to see how hard real life is.’

⇒His father told him ………

4.‘Would you like to work in a big city or in the countryside?’

⇒Our teacher asked us ……….………

5.‘At what age should a young person get a job?’

⇒He asked the career adviser ………

6.‘Don’t idealise all jobs in big cities because some of them are quite hard and badly paid.’

⇒Our teachers told us ………

.XII Choose the correct answer

1.The career adviserspoke/told us to write impressive CVs.

3.I offeredto pick up/picked up my nephews and nieces from the nursery. 4.He encouraged meto apply/apply for the job.

5.The interviewerrefused/agreed to tell me the salary of the sales staff because it is confidential

.XIII Read the text and the tasks

In a society where the unemployment rate is relatively high, employers usually have greater choice of applicants They tend to favour the candidates with more employability skills – the skills necessary for getting, keeping, and being successful in a job These skills are varied, ranging from basic ones such as searching for job adverts, writing CVs and covering letters, and coming across well in interviews, to the more advanced skills which are required in order to keep a job for a long time Among the long list of more advanced employability skills, it is very important for all job seekers to equip themselves with interpersonal skills, communication skills, and leadership ability in order to keep and be successful in a job

Interpersonal skills are really crucial when seeking employment They are the skills that people use to interact with each other People with good interpersonal skills often co-operate and work well with the others in a team They are also good at negotiating and satisfying the expectations of the people involved In their daily work, interpersonal skills allow them to empathise with colleagues as well as clients, thereby building better working relationships This, as a result, leads to a better working environment with little or no stress

ommunication skills are also important for people who are seeking employment or looking for a promotion in their current career because employers nowadays want to find employees who communicate well both verbally and in writing with a wide variety of people Good communicators can speak and write clearly and succinctly, getting their messages across with less chance of misunderstanding They can also demonstrate a varied vocabulary and tailor their language to different audiences

Besides interpersonal and communication skills, having leadership ability is also an advantage in seeking and keeping employment The people with leadership ability tend to influence others towards the achievement of a goal Thus, they often make great team players, allowing them to work in a group to achieve the best results for their employer

It is hard to get a job It is even harder to keep it, succeed in it, and gain a promotion However, if people know how to interact properly and communicate well with others, and if they possess leadership ability, they can increase their chance of getting and keeping the job they want

A.The importance of interpersonal skills B.The importance of communication skills C Some important employability skills

b Look for the words or phrases in the text which mean the following prefer (v)

2 including (v-ing)

3 provide somebody with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity (v) understand another person’s feeling and experiences, possibly because you have been in a similar situation (v)

5 people that you work with, especially in a profession or a business (n) a move to a more important job or position in a company or organisation (n)

c Decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG) 1.When a lot of people are unemployed, there are more applicants for employers to choose from

2.People with good interpersonal skills are often loyal employees

3.It is difficult for employees with good interpersonal skills to empathise with other colleagues

4.Good communicators can get their messages across easily

5.Good communicators use the same language to communicate with different audiences 6.Leadership ability is the only quality that employers are looking for in a job seeker

7.Employees with interpersonal skills, communication skills, and leadership ability are more favoured than those who don’t have these skills

Grade 12n Review 6,7,8

I Fill in the gap with the word from the box.

android robot extinction probation quality

1.My brother Minh has the ……… of a good leader

2.The new ……… working in the customer service department looks so real that many people have mistaken her for a human being

3.Some people support the idea of reviving ……… species, but others are against this idea

4.One day, medical ………… will replace human surgeons and perform complex surgical procedures

6.New employees can be put on a ………… period to see if they are suitable for the position II Use the correct form of the words: diversify, evolve and conserve

1.In spite of the importance of biodiversity, ……… efforts are not strong enough 2.In his book On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, Charles Darwin first formulated the theory of ……… by natural selection

3.Species ……… , or species richness, is especially important to life on Earth

4.I think the best way to ……… wild animals and plants is to protect their habitats 5.Although humans share a common ancestor with some primates they did not ……… from apes, gorillas or chimps

6.Approximately 2.2 million species of plants and animals have been found in our oceans, so you can imagine how ……… they are

III Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verbs from the box.

pull out steal design publish repair

service

1.My brother got his laptop ……… as it was still under warranty

2.The company had some A.I experts ……… all the malfunctions in their robots 3.I had my report on biodiversity ……… in a scientific journal

4.Your tooth is very decayed You should have it ………

5.The team leader got his computer programmers ………… a new model of domestic robots

6.The man had his new smartphone ……… on the train last week IV Complete the sentences, reporting what was said

1.‘Spend more time studying, and less time playing games.’

→ My mother told ……… 2.‘Would you tell us about the importance of species diversity for all forms of life?’ → The students asked the scientist ……….…… 3.‘You mustn’t harm the environment or disturb the balance of the ecosystem.’ → The environmentalist told the business community ……… 4.‘Can you show me your reports on wildlife, please?’

→ The teacher asked the students ……… 5.‘I’ll help you with your research into the latest generation of androids.’

→ My brother offered ……… 6.‘I would learn how to use the new smartphone apps, if I were you.’

V Turn the following sentences into reported speech, using the reporting verbs: warn, suggest, promise, explain, advise, remind

1.‘Don’t forget to drop into the robot shop on the way home,’ said Minh to Quang - ……… 2.‘I think you should write a report on the saola,’ said my mother

- ……… 3.‘Don’t pull the cat’s tail or it will scratch you,’ the old lady said to him

- ……… 4.‘I’ll work harder to get good qualifications,’ said Huong

- ……… 5.‘How about activating the next generation robot?’ said the team leader

- ………

6 ‘Our visit to the animal rescue centre will be postponed to next week,’ said the teacher - ………

VI Read the text about IUCN Red List and decide whether the statements about it are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG)

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is a comprehensive catalogue of the conservation status of species Information is collected from all over the world and carefully analysed Many factors are taken into consideration, such as the remaining numbers, the overall increase or decrease in the population, breeding success rates, and known threats The IUCN Red List then classifies species into seven categories: Extinct (EX), Extinct in the wild (EW), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near-threatened (NT), or Least Concern (LC).

After Extinct and Extinct in the wild, the highest risk category assigned by the IUCN Red List is Critically Endangered A Critically Endangered species is a species that is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild Endangered is the next most severe conservation status for wildlife A Vulnerable species is one that is likely to become endangered if the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction not improve The main reason for its vulnerability is habitat loss or destruction The species labelled Near Threatened and Least Concern, have had their conservation status assessed and found to be relatively safe and healthy, though they may be in decline

respectively in 1998 Many countries in the world now have laws to conserve wild species and protect endangered and threatened species However, much more has to be done to successfully safeguard the biodiversity of our planet

1.The IUCN Red List evaluates the extinction risk of thousands of species

2.Factors taken into consideration are only the remaining number, breeding success rates, and known threats

3.The IUCN Red List suggests measures to conserve endangered species 4.Endangered species are the ones at the most serious risk of extinction

5.Though they may be in decline, Near Threatened and Least Concern species are quite safe and healthy

6.The IUCN Red List requires countries to create laws that protect wildlife

Grade 12n Unit – Choosing a career

I Match the words with their definitions and complete the sentences using the correct form of the words or phrases

1 option (n) career (n) career advice (n)

4.secure (v) workforce (n) temporary (adj)

a people who work in a particular company, or are available to work in a country

b continuing for only a limited period of time c a choice you can make in a particular situation

d a job or profession that you have been trained for, and which you for a long period of your life

e an opinion about what jobs and professional training might be suitable for someone

f to obtain or achieve something, especially after a lot 1.You can search for ……… on some websites

2.She has just begun a ……… in teaching

3.Some students in my class want to join the ……… after leaving school 4.University is not the only ………… for school leavers to pursue further study

1.go on with 2.keep up with 3.think back on 4.talk back to 5.drop out of 6.drop in on 7.run out of 8.put up with 9.cut down on 10.get on with

A leave/ give up B pay a short visit C have none left D tolerate

E reduce

F have a good relationship with

G continue

H maintain pace with I recall

J answer impolitely

1.I hope none of my friends ……… school this term 2.John often ……… us without warning

3.The government is trying not to ……… the money they are spending on vocational training

4.David doesn’t ……… his wife They’re always arguing

5.Linda was about to take a part-time job, but she decided to ……… her studies 6.Hoa is a brilliant student It’s difficult to ……… her if you don’t try very hard 7.I usually ……… my childhood with great pleasure

8.The trainee ……… his trainer and was kicked out of the group

III Combine each pair of simple sentences into one complex sentence containing an adverbial clause.

1.Don’t be late for work You may lose your job (if)

- ……… 2.Factory workers work hard Secondary school students also work hard (as … as) - ……… 3.Linda was offered a very good job Linda didn’t hesitate to accept it (such … that) - ……… 4.You must tell me everything Otherwise I will not be able to help you (if)

- ………

5.The lab instructor had told us the right way to mix the chemicals We mixed the chemicals the same way (exactly as)

1 rewarding (adj) fascinating (adj) battle (n)

4 tedious (adj) downside (n)

a a negative aspect b tiresome or boring

c making you happy because you think it is useful or important

d a fight or struggle

e extremely interesting and engaging V Fill in the gap with the correct form of the words from the box.

career apprentice workforce career advice temporary option 1.Mark is worried because his company is cutting its ……… by a quarter

2.Teaching as a ……… is very challenging, but also very rewarding

3.Secondary school students often ……… jobs during the summer holidays 4.Don’t worry, Peter You can always ask your father for ………

5.Lan has been working for three months at the hairdresser’s as a(n) ………

6.There are many job ……… available for young people to choose from nowadays VI Complete the sentences using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box

cut down on drop out of drop in on go on with

get on with keep up with come up with run out of

1.That’s enough for now – let’s ……… the discussion tomorrow

2.If you don’t work hard, you won’t be able to ………….……… your friends Come on, Linda Can you ……… a better idea?

4.I don’t think she would ……… her sister-in-law 5.They ……… money and had to abandon the project

6.We thought we could ………….…… you while we were passing by 7.The doctor told him to ……… chips and chocolate

8.He felt disappointed and ……… school after the first term

VII Combine each pair of simple sentences into one complex sentence containing an adverbial clause.

1.Don’t eat too much You may fall ill (if)

- ……… 2.Kate is beautiful Her mother is beautiful (as … as)

- ……… 3.He is not bright He thinks he is bright (as … as)

- ……… 5.You must run fast You may be late for school (unless)

- ……… 6.It was a very good novel Mary couldn’t put the novel down (such that) - ……… 7.I wish I had one million dollars I would travel around the world (if) - ………

8.Mr Smith had requested that the apprentice finish the work The apprentice finished the work (as)

- ……… VIII Fill in the gap with the words from the box.

temporary advice career workforce options apprentice secure

1.Today there are a lot of career ……… for school leavers to choose between 2.Tom is looking for a(n) ……… job to over the summer holiday

3.Sometimes it is difficult for students to ……… work experience at the company of their choice

4.Secondary students can access the Internet to look for practical ………… about leaving school and choosing future careers

5.Some of my friends don’t want to pursue further education after leaving school They would prefer to join the ………

6.What kind of ……… would you choose? I’d like to become a teacher 7.John has worked for two years as a plumber’s ………

.IX Complete the sentences using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box

face up to keep up with drop out of put up with get on with go on with think back to cut down on look forward to run out of 1.He teacher told her to ……… her socialising, because it was affecting her

schoolwork

2.John suddenly stopped talking He just ……… ideas 3.We can’t ……… all the changes

4.We’re surprised that Tom’s just ……… school 5.I’m really ……… seeing you again

7.Jack quarrels with his classmates all the time I don’t think he will ever ……… them

8.Linda’s not going to ……… her husband’s smoking any longer 9.Kate had to ……… the fact that she would never see him again

10.My mother often ……… her childhood when she lived with my grandparents X Combine each pair of simple sentences into one complex sentence containing an adverbial clause.

1.David is clever His brother is clever (as … as)

- ……… 2.Jack dresses smartly for the interview He gets the job (if)

- ……… 3.The question was very hard He couldn’t answer the question (so … that) - ……… 4.It was a very good film Mary couldn’t turn off the TV (such … that) - ……… 5.You must work harder You may fail the exam (unless)

- ……… 6.John runs fast Tom runs faster (than)

- ……… 7.I wish I knew Spanish I could understand the visitors from Spain (if ) - ………

8.The skilled craftsman requested that the students stop their work The students stopped their work (as)

Grade 12n Unit 10 – Lifelong learning

I Match the characteristics of lifelong learning with their example actions flexible

2 voluntary self-directed

self-motivated self-improved

a Learners update their professional knowledge and skills by themselves b Learners decide what to learn and manage how to learn

c Learners can easily change the time of the course according to their work schedule

d Learners actively find suitable courses for their own benefits without being forced to so

e Learners independently work hard and overcome difficulties without others’ encouragement

II Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in the box

lifelong learning learning styles voluntary self-directed self-motivated

1.Students with ……… are good at completing challenging tasks without the encouragement of other people

2.To become a ………… you need to learn new things ………… every single day of your life

3.Colleges often encourage students to consolidate knowledge through ……… study 4.Some people think that if we recognise our ……… , we will learn better

III Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form

1.If you (learn) ………… more about how to use the Internet for studying before, you (be) ……… a successful lifelong learner now

2.If he (know) ……… how to present his ideas in his previous job, he (have) ……… no trouble becoming a good manager

3.She’s out of work again! If she (continue) ……… improving her skills through lifelong learning, she (find) ……… new ways to make herself more employable

4.Those engineers have failed If they (continue) ……… learning, they (keep) ……… up with new developments and technology

5.These people not have good memories If they (do) ……… more mentally challenging activities in the past, they (slow) ……… down mental deterioration

IV Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in the box

pursue flexibility profession lifelong learning 1……… is one of the essential qualities of lifelong learners

2.What we want is to see the child in ………… of knowledge, and not knowledge in pursuit of the child

3.The brochure gives learners guidance in their ……… learning

4.People who keep studying and acquiring new knowledge and skills until the end of their life are called ………

5.Many people consider lifelong learning as a way of ………… their lives 6.A person with good time management skills will be able to come up with a ……… plan for continuing his studies while working

7 People pursue lifelong learning for personal or ……… reasons

8 To enjoy learning throughout life, you need to study and attend courses ……… .V Complete the sentences using the words in the box

self-motivation profession ultimate pursue self-directed voluntary

1.The teaching ……… requires continuous learning since educational practices develop over time

2.Some people strongly believe that the ……… purpose of lifelong learning is self-improvement

3.None of our courses are compulsory, so all our learners are ……… 4.Even ………… learners usually require a little bit of guidance at first

5.Graduates will have picked up the skills to ………… lifelong learning during their career 6.In order to succeed at work, employees should have strong ………… to improve their practical skills

.VI Read the text and choose the best answer for each blank Strategies to promote lifelong learning

Lifelong learning is now becoming a (1) _ for everyone in the modern world Many people, however, find it overwhelming, as being lifelong learners they will have to keep studying for their entire life The following are several strategies to (2) _ lifelong learning

Second, choose to study something that is really enjoyable for you You will need to have fun all through the (4) _ of knowledge and skills, which will be an endless journey The ‘fun’ part will always keep you motivated, even during the hard times

Third, you will need to accept that nowadays education is not simply the preparation for life New times mean new ways: life is education itself With this mindset, you will embrace (5) _ as opportunities for growth

Fourth, (6) _ learning is not just about keeping on studying; you will need to think through what you have learned, and find out how to apply it to your work and personal life Don't read too much and use your brain too little Think more often; meditate on the ideas that you feel might make your work and/or life better

Those are the key (7) _ to make sure your lifelong learning is studying smart rather than studying hard Remember, the lifelong learning movement is unstoppable; and the world is now divided not (8) _ the strong and the weak; not into the smart and the foolish; not into the fortunate and the disadvantaged The distinction to be drawn is between learners and non-learners: those who refuse to learn throughout life

1.A.hobby B.must C.have to D.danger

2.A.change B.innovate C.update D.promote

3.A.experience B.experiment C.example D.examination

4.A.pursuit B.path C.study D.chase

5.A.advantages B.chances C.challenges D.disadvantages

6.A.lifelong B.instant C.distance D.online

7.A.portions B.strategies C.elements D.factors

8.A.for B.in C.to D.into

* Read the text again and choose the best answer for each question 1.For which of these purposes does the writer suggest several strategies? A.To encourage lifelong learning.

B.To complain about lifelong learners. C.To discourage lifelong learning.

2.The word ‘journey’ in paragraph refers to _ A.the fun of learning

B.study at university

B.Paying someone to learn for you.

C.Motivating yourself to learn effectively.

4.The phrase ‘studying smart rather than studying hard’ means _

A.learners should study wisely B.learners should study diligently C.learners should study voluntarily

5.What is the writer’s opinion about the main division in the world today? A.It’s the difference between weak people and strong people.

B.It’s the difference between learners and non-learners.

C.It’s the difference between smart people and foolish people.

* Read the text again and decide whether the statements about it are true (T) or false (F) 1.The learning experience should be considered as a one-off effort

2.Lifelong learners may feel overwhelmed by their study

3.Learners’ performance should be similar to that of actors as their study is similar to a play in the theatre

Grade 12 Review units 9,10

I Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in the box pursuit flexibility career option profession apprenticeship

1.Some schools fail to prepare students for 21st-century ……… 2.Earning while learning is one of the advantages of a(n) ………

3.I believe that those who ……… a career in medicine should be motivated by the desire to help other people

4.My granny said that I could gain ……… knowledge and experience during an apprenticeship

5.After gaining good qualifications, he is now looking for a job that is well-paid, exciting, and ………

6.In the modern age, keeping your skills up to date will give you more career ………… to choose from

II Form new words by matching the words on the left with the appropriate form of the words on the right Then complete the sentences using the new compound words

self work full life text self

long time book direction learn force

1.When my mom gave birth to my younger brother, she gave up her ……….… job and looked for a part-time one

2.She admired her grandfather even more after she heard that he had acquired his professional skills through ………

3.Many students in my school prefer studying with digital ……… to studying with print ones

4.My grandmother is an example of a ……… learner She learnt to speak two more languages at the age of 65

5.Many people believe that ……… learning can be very challenging, even for the most motivated and intelligent students

III Complete the sentences using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box

drop out of drop in on go on with get on with talk back

to

cut down on keep up with come up with run out of think back on put up with

1.Though my manager didn’t offer me a pay rise I felt satisfied because she agreed to cut down on my job duties

2.When I leave upper secondary school, I will think back on those happy school days 3.Do you dare to talk back to your boss? If you speak your mind to your manager, and it in the right way, it can be helpful to your career

4.The number of students dropping out of school is still a problem, though the number that complete school is continually increasing

5.Decision making skills can help you to analyse problems and come up with good solutions 6.Through lifelong learning, individuals can keep up with rapidly-evolving technology and the fast-changing world

IV Combine each pair of simple sentences into one complex sentence containing an adverbial clause.

1.A person will not be able to adapt to changes in life and work He or she becomes a lifelong learner (unless)

- ……… 2.Lifelong learning has become important in our lives Various courses and programmes have been designed and developed to meet our needs (so … that)

- ……… 3.Minh reads a few books Kieu reads many books (as … as)

- ……… 4.He acts like a career adviser He is not a career adviser (as if)

- ……… 5.You don’t keep up with new technology You’ll be left behind at work (If)

- ……… 6.Jane studies hard Tom studies harder (than)

- ……… V Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the sentences

2.He uses his family poverty as a self-……… tool to overcome all difficulties in life (motivation)

3.My fire ……… is empty, so I am thinking about refilling it or buying a new one (extinct)

4.The ……… of their habitat is one of the reasons why many animals become endangered (destroy)

5.Job ………… is a factor that people take into account when they look for jobs (secure) 6.Tom would like to something ………… such as joining an expedition to the rainforests (adventure)

VI Complete the second sentences so that it means the same as the first one 1.‘Come in and close the door,’ he said

He told ……… 2.‘I’ll change my job because I am bored with this one.’

She intended ……… 3.He told the police that he had been walking in the park when he saw the suspect

He told the police: ‘………’ 4.People believe the man is recovering fast in hospital

The man is ……… 5.Someone has fixed my neighbour’s broken fence recently

My neighbour has ………

6.The headmaster wanted all the students in the school to wear their uniforms on Teachers’ Day

The headmaster had ……… VII Choose the best answer

1.By the time I _ 25, I at least three countries A.will be/ will visit B.am/ will be visiting

C.am/ will have visited D.am/ have visited

2.He is very mean and impolite I don't know how she can _ him

A.keep up with B.go up with

C.put up with D.climb up with

3.If she had paid more attention in class, she _ the lectures thoroughly A.would have understood B.would understand

C.will understand D.would understood

A.drop out of B.drop up on C.drop down on D.drop in on 5.If he _ here earlier, he would have met my close friend, Jane

A.had been B.would be C.be D.would have been

6.I have told you many times that I _ you to come home before ten Being out late at night is dangerous

A.wanted B.want C.will want D.would want

7.She said that it _ long to get to her place but in fact, we had to drive two hours to get there

A.won’t take B.wouldn’t take C.not took D wouldn’t have taken 8.I have just _ my car repaired

A.used B.let C.made D.had

9.The doctor said that he had to _ his drinking or his health would get worse A.cut down on B.run out of C.go on with D.get on with

10. _ this time next week, we will have completed the project

A.For B.On C.At D.By

VIII Read the text and choose the best answer for each question

Becoming a teacher demands not only knowledge in an academic field but also a personal commitment to lifelong learning, and enthusiasm for sharing knowledge with other people To become one of those noble educators in the USA, one has to satisfy several basic requirements

First and foremost, it is aprerequisite to have a bachelor’s degree in education In the event that a candidate already has a bachelor’s degree in another field, a teacher preparation program is needed But that is not all Almost every school in the USA understands that real classroom teaching experience is a vital part of a teacher's training Before taking over a class, a person typically needs to complete a training program, including working as a supervised student teacher

People who want to become university teachers need higher degrees Getting a master’s degree is a necessity, but if it is gained too early there may be concerns that the candidate lacks the real-world experience to go with it

Besides knowledge and experience, certain personal qualities are also required A teacher should be positive, prepared, focused, and most importantly, patient Being a teacher involves being aware of the fact that learning can sometimes be hard work, even for the most motivated students Also, teaching can at times be tiring and frustrating so a teaching candidate has to practise being patient with themselves

In short, as in other careers, teaching requires a combination of qualifications, experience, and personal qualities Teaching candidates meeting the mandatory requirements are always in demand in the USA

1.The word ‘prerequisite’ in paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A.requirement B.option C.qualification D.arrangement

2.One concern about teaching candidates who get a master’s degree too soon is their _

A.being over-educated B.lack of money

C.being new D.lack of experience

3.According to the text, along with a master’s degree, another important thing that a candidate for a teaching post in a university needs is _

A.a wise solution B.being over-educated C.experience in teaching D.being well-paid 4.The most crucial quality of a teacher is _ A.being a role model B.being patient

C.being able to work hard D.being prepared

5.The word ‘mandatory’ in paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A.additional B.voluntary C.contingent D.necessary

IX Complete the sentences using the words in the box

self-motivate wisdom volunteerism self-direct

professional