BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRL/CJNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN LE MINH HA TIM fflEU NHU CAU GIAO DUC TIENG ME DE CUA CAC DAN TOC THIEU SO d MALAYSIA LUAN VAN THAC SI NGON NGlT HOC Chuydn nganh: Ngon ngff cac dan toe Dong Nam A Ma so: 5.04.25 Hl/CfNG D A N KHOA HOC Pho Gido sii-Tien si TRAN TRI DOT NGUCJI r: i!-' i/ HA NOI, 2003 \i-vL\An Ldl CAM ON Toi xin bay to long cam an sdu sac tdi Pho Gido sK-Tien sT Trdn Tri Doi da tan tinh giiip dd vd dong gop nhieu y kien quy bdu cho ban ludn van cua toi Toi Cling xin chdn thdnh cam cfn gia dinh vd be ban dd dong vien, giup dd vd tqo mgi dieu kien de toi hodn thdnh ban ludn van ndy Ban ludn van ndy chdc chdn khong trdnh khoi khiem khuyet, kinh mong quy thdy CO vd doc gia lUdng thii, dong thdi chi nhQng thieu sot can khac phuc de nhOng cong trinh nghien cvtu sau ndy dKcfc thUc hien tot hcfn MUC LUC Trang MUC LUC BANG KE N H C N G C H O VIET TAT PHAN Md DAU Chtfdng I: NHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE CHINH SACH NGON N G O CUA MALAYSIA I Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh te-xa hoi d Malaysia sau gianh doc lap (1957) den 1) Malaysia la quoc gia da dan toe, da ngon ngff 2) Tinh hinh kinh te-xa hoi d Malaysia tff 1957 den II Chinh sach Ngon ngff cua Malaysia 1) Tieng Melayu trS Ngon ngff Quoc gia a) Chinh sach Giao due Quoc gia va mot so chinh sach xa hoi khac h5 trd cho ngon ngff quo^c gia b) Chinh sach Ngon ngff Quoc gia difdc tien hanh tffng bffcfe, than va khon kheo c) Tieng Melayu diTdc md rong chffc nang xa hoi va pham vi siJ dung 2) Moi quan he giffa Ngon ngff Quoc gia va ngon ngff cac dan toe khac 3) Moi quan he giffa Ngon ngff Quoc gia va tieng Anh Chrftfng II: TINH HINH GIANG DAY N H O N G NGON N G O DA SO Cf MALAYSIA I Tie'ng Melayu vdi tuf each la ngon ngff quoc gia 1) Ngon ngff siJ dung cac ITnh viTc kiem soat cua dat nifde va su* dung cf ca'p chinh thffc 2) Ngon ngff giao tie'p giffa cac dan toe va cl cap khong chinh thffe II Tieng Hoa III Tieng Tamil IV Tieng Anh ^ Chi/(/ng HI: TINH HINH GIANG DAY MOT VAI NGON N G THIEU SO MALAYSIA L Kadazandusun 1) Cong dong Kadazandusun 2) Tieng Kadazandusun va tinh hinh giang day 3) Chuan hoa ngon ngff Kadazandusun 4) Cac van de va tu'dng lai cua giao due ngon ngff Kadazandusun 11 Iban 1) Cong dong Iban 2) Tie'ng Iban va tinh hinh giang day 5 12 13 14 16 18 19 22 26 26 26 29 33 38 44 52 52 52 53 54 55 57 57 57 3) Vai tro cua cac to chffc phi chinh phu viee phat trien tieng Iban 4) Cac van de va tufdng lai cua giao due ngon ngff Iban IIl.Bidayuh 1) Cong dong Bidayuh 2) Tieng Bidayuh va tinh hinh giang day 3) Cac van de va tiTcfng lai cua giao due ngon ngff Bidayuh IV.Murut 1) Cong dong Murut 2) Tieng Murut va tinh hinh giang day V OrangAsU 1) Ngifdi Orang Asli (tho dan) 2) Ngon ngff cua ngffdi Orang Asli va tinh hinh giang day PHAN KET LUAN T A I LIEU THAM K H A O CHINH Phu luc 1: Dan so^theo toe ngiTdi - nam 2000 - Lien bang Malaysia Phu luc 2: Thanh phan dan toe - Lien bang Malaysia Phu luc 3: Cac ngon ngff d Malaysia Phan Ban dao Phan Sabah Phan Sarawak Phu luc 4: He tho^ng giao due quo'c gia Malaysia 59 60 61 61 62 64 65 65 66 70 70 71 75 81 85 87 89 89 92 97 102 BANG KE NHLfNG C H O VIET TAT POL H L SNN DB TGK PN SIL DTDS : : : : : : : : Pupils' Own Languages - ngon ngff cua hoe sinh Bien the phu'dng ngff cao Bie'n the phu'dng ngff thap Songirdinoi Diabancfftru Ten goi khac Phu'dng ngff Vien Ngon ngff hoc Mua he Dieu tra dan so' 77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cita cac dan toe thieu so d Malaysia PHAN Md DAU L Tinh cap thie't cua de tai Ngay nay, cac quo'c gia ddn ngff, ddn dan toe da trd hien tu'dng hie'm hoi tren the gidi Qua trinh phan va sat nhap cac bo toe cung nhff lanh thd lich sff, ehu nghia de quoc, Ian song di cU at da khien hau he't cac quoc gia tren the gidi trcf da ngff, da sac toe Co chang sff khac chi ve tinh chat va mffe Trong do, Dong Nam A la khu vifc da ngff d mffe cao Ngon ngff, nhff chung ta da biet, giff mot vi tri trung tam viee xac dinh va nhan dien mot dan toe No ddi eiing vdi viee hinh dan toe va chi mat di dan toe bi diet vong hay bi dong hoa vao dan toe khac, danh mat di ban sac cua minh No luon luon la bieu tu'dng, niem tff hao va la "effu canh cuoi Cling" viee eo gang giff gin ban sac cua mot dan toe Bat ky hanh dong nao lam phffdng hai den ngon ngff deu lam ton thffdng long i\X dan toe, va la mot nhieu ly dan den nhffng xung dot sac toe dam mau Ijch suf ma ta da tffng dffde biet Ngon ngff, do, luon luon la van de nhay cam d cac quoc gia da dan toe Trong van de nay, viee giai quyet to't moi quan he giffa ngon ngff quoc gia, ngon ngff nffdc ngoai (neu c6) va cac ngon ngff khac la tieng me de ciia nhffng toe ngffdi dffde goi la thieu so' trd nhiem vu v6 cung quan trong, can phai dffde giai quyet mot each kheo leo, uyen chuyen vdi mue dich phat trien quoc gia mot each toan dien va ben vffng Dieu dffde the hien d chinh sach ngon ngff cua quoc gia, ma hien than cua no, cu the nha't d mot linh vffe, la chinh sach giao due tieng me de cho cac dan toe thieu so Viet Nam va Malaysia khong nam ngoai tien trinh tren Tuy khac ve hoan canh va each giai quyet van de, nhffng hai nffdc eiing cd chung mue dich cung c6' khoi doan ke't toan dan va phat trien quoc gia vffng manh Trong qua trinh thffe hien, ben canh nhffng cong, hai nffdc cung khong the tranh khoi nhffng thieu sot nhat dinh Malaysia la quoc gia da dan toe nhffng tinh chat phffc tap hdn nhieu so vdi Viet Nam Viee nghien cffu chinh sach ngon ngff do'i vdi cac dan toe thieu so cua Malaysia vdi tinh each nffdc lang gieng gan gui ve mat dia ly va lich sur se giiip cho Viet Nam cd mot kinh nghiem khu vffc, tff dd rut dffdc nhffng bai hoc bd ich 77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn iQc thieu so d Malaysia H Mue dich nghien cufu Bdi canh, hien trang ngon ngff cua cac dan toe thieu so mot quo'c gia da dan toe phong phu va da dang thuoe vao vi tri dia ly, so Iffdng ngffdi ndi, tinh hinh phat trien kinh te'-xa hoi va y thffe giff gin ban sac van hoa ciia dan toe Dffng trffdc mue dich phat trien da't nffdc ben vffng nham nang cao ddi song kinh te'-van hda cho cac dan toe thieu so' va xu the' phat trien da dang van hoa (trong dd CO ngon ngff) cua the gidi, mdi quo'c gia phai dam bao quyen ngon ngff cua cac cong dong va ca nhan cung nhff dieu kien kinh te' de thffe thi chung Viee de mot chinh sach ngon ngff thich hdp se la rat khd neu khong nghien cffu ky thffe cha't nhu cau giao due tieng me de cua cac dan toe Moi cd gang deu trd nen that bai hay lang phi neu khong dap ffng nhu cau thffe te' cua nhffng dan toe thu hffdng chinh sach Dd chinh la ly de ngffdi viet chon de tai: "Tim hieu nhu cau giao due tieng me de cua cac dan toe thieu so d Malaysia" cho luan van cao hoc cua minh Malaysia khong nhffng chi cd "dan toe thieu so it ngffdi" nhff d Viet Nam ma eon cd ca "dan toe thieu so dong ngffdi" (Trung Hoa, A'n Do) Do dd, nhffng cong va that bai, cai tot va ehffa to't viee thffe hien chinh sach giao due ngon ngff do'i vdi cac dan toe thieu so' d Malaysia se la mot kinh nghiem khu vffc cho Viet Nam, tff dd gdp phan vao viee danh gia lai chinh sach giao due ngon ngff cua Viet Nam do'i vdi vung dan toe thieu so^ von dang gay nhieu bffe xuc III DPI ttfrfng pham vi nghien cuTu Chinh sach ngon ngff cua quo'c gia bao gom nhieu bp phan hdp nhff hoach dinh dia vi, xay dffng ngon ngff, chinh sach giao due ngon ngff, chinh sach truyen ba ngon ngff Tuy nhien, tinh chat cua de tai, chiing toi se chi tim hieu sau ve chinh sach giao due ngon ngff cua nha nffdc Malaysia ddi vdi cac dan toe thieu so Qua dd, chung ta se hieu ro ve nhu cau giao due tieng me de cua chinh cac dan toe ay Khai niem dan toe thieu so d day khong phai chi la it ngffdi ma dffdc diing vdi y nghia do'i lap vdi dan toe chu the ndi ngon ngff quo'c gia Do dd, khai niem dan toe thieu so dffdc dung luan van cd the la dan toe thieu so' thffe sff thieu so, tffc la "thieu so it ngffdi" va cung cd the la dan toe thieu so cd so dan dong dao dffdc xep vao loai da so (Trung Hoa, An Do), tffc la "thieu sd dong ngffdi" Chung toi dffa vao tieu chi phan loai cua A H Omar (tac gia lai dffa vao tieu 77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn toe thieu so or Malaysia chi cua Ferguson 1971) de phan chia "thieu sd da sd" va "thieu sd thieu sd" Theo tac gia [23;15], d Malaysia, nhffng ngon ngff cd it nha't mot trieu ngffdi ndi cd the dffdc coi la ngon ngff chinh cua da't nffdc, eon it hdn sd dd dffdc coi la ngon ngff thieu sd CJ day, tieng Anh cung dffdc xep vao loai da sd, no khong cd cong dong ndi nang nhff mot dan toe nhffng lai dffdc sff dung rat rong rai Viee tdng hdp va phan tieh nhu cau giao due ngon ngff cua cac dan toe da sd chii ye'u dffa vao ngudn tff lieu da cong bo' va mot sd quan sat cua chung toi Tff lieu ve cac dan toe thieu sd rat han che, nen chung toi chi cd the tim hieu dffdc dan toe lam dai dien la Kadazandusun, Iban, Bidayuh, Murut va Orang Asli Ddi vdi cong dong ngffdi Hoa, tieng me de thuoe nhieu phffdng ngff khac cua Trung Qudc, nhffng ho deu coi tieng thong Trung Qudc nhff tieng me de va "mu chff Hoa cd nghia la mat gdc" [12;162] Do dd, viee giao due tieng thong Trung Quo'c dffdc chung toi xem la viee giao due tie'ng me de ddi vdi cong dong ngffdi Hoa d Malaysia Tuy mue dich cua luan van la tim hieu nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua cac dan toe thieu so', nhffng nhu cau dd khong the ton tai ben ngoai mdi lien he vdi cac nhu cau khac va chiu sif tac dong cua cac chinh sach khac Do dd, tim hieu ve vai trd va nhu cau tie'p nhan tie'ng Malay vdi tff each ngon ngff quo'c gia va tie'ng Anh (ngon ngff thff hai quan nha't) cung la mot noi dung cua luan van La mot bo phan quan cua ngon ngff hoc xa hoi, chinh sach ngon ngff vffa mang tinh ngon ngff, vffa mang tinh xa hoi Nhu cau tie'p nhan giao due ngon ngff lai cang mang tinh xa hoi nhieu hdn Chung khong the ton tai ben ngoai mdi lien he vdi cac van de xa hoi khac Do dd, chung toi danh mot phan chffdng dau de ndi ve tinh hinh kinh te'-xa hoi cua Malaysia va d nhffng chffdng tie'p theo, chiing toi cung tap trung phan tich mot so' khia canh chinh tri-xa hoi de tha'y ro hdn tac dong cua cac nhan to' xa hoi khac do'i vdi ngon ngff, ma theo chiing toi, la rat quan Dffa tren nhffng phan tieh ve chinh sach giao due ngon ngff va qua nhan biet tinh hinh giao due ngon ngff, chung toi se rut ke't luan ve sff tffdng thich giffa nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua cac dan toe thieu so' so vdi chinh sach ngon ngff da de va danh gia tinh hieu qua cua chinh sach dd Tff dd, so sanh sd bo vdi chinh sach ngon ngff cua Viet Nam de nit bai hoe kinh nghiem Chiing toi se tien hanh nghien cffu nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua cac dan toe thieu sd d Malaysia vong hai thap ky trd lai day, bat dau tff nam 1982 Sd di chiing toi chon mdc thdi gian vi 1982 la nam he thdng giao due -3- 77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tQc thieu so d Malaysia Malaysia da hoan toan dffdc tien hanh bang tieng Malaysia Dd la ke't qua dau tien cua Chinh sach Ngon ngff, va tff day, nhffng van de mdi bat dau sinh IV Phrfdng phap nghien ciiTu Chiing toi ap dung phffdng phap phan tich cua ngon ngff hoc xa hoi, thong qua nhffng van de xa hoi ngon ngff de phan tich va danh gia chinh sach ngon ngff Cach lam nhff the thffe chat la dung phffdng phap quy nap V Bo cue cua luan van Ngoai phan Md dau va Ket luan, noi dung cua luan van dffdc chia chffdng nhff sau: Chffdng I: Nhffng van de chung ve chinh sach ngon ngff cua Malaysia I Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh te'-xa hoi cua Malaysia sau gianh doe lap (1957) den II Chinh sach ngon ngff cua Malaysia: chinh sach giao due ngon ngff Chffdng II: Tinh hinh giang day nhffng ngon ngff da sd d Malaysia I Tie'ng Malay vdi tff each la ngon ngff quo'c gia II Tieng Anh vdi tff each la ngon ngff thff hai quan nha't III Tie'ng Hoa IV Tie'ng Tamil Chffdng III: Tinh hinh giang day mot vai ngon ngff thieu sd d Malaysia I Kadazandusun II Iban III Bidayuh IV Murut V Orang Asli 77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn tQC thieu so d Malaysia ChiTcfng I N H C N G V A N D E CHUNG VE CHINH SACH NGON NG0 CUA MALAYSIA I Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh te-xa hpi cf Malaysia sau gianh doc lap (1957) d^'n 1) Malaysia Id quoc gia da ddn toe, da ngon ngit Malaysia la qudc gia tre d khu vffc Dong Nam A, dffdc lap vao 16/9/1963 Nam d vi tri trung tam cua Dong Nam A, gan xich dao, giffa 1*^ va 7^ vT bac, 100*^ va 119^ kinh dong, Malaysia cd tdng dien tich 329.847 km^ va gan 5.000 km bd bien, bao gdm hai phan lanh thd rieng biet bi chia cat bdi vung bien Dong rong khoang 750 km, la: - Tay Malaysia (hay Ban dao Ma Lai), cd dien tich 131.778 km^ gdm 11 bang la Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor, Pulau Pinang, Melaka va hai Vung lanh thd Lien bang la Kuala Lumpur (tff nam 1973) va Labuan (tff nam 1984) - Dong Malaysia (nam d phia bac dao Borneo) cd dien tich 198.069 km^ gdm hai bang Sabah va Sarawak Hai bang mdi chi sat nhap vao Malaysia nam 1963 Mot ngan nam trffdc Cong nguyen, ca Ban dao Ma Lai va bd bien bac Borneo deu la ndi cap ben quan cho cac tau buon he thong thffdng mai dffdng bien no'i Dong Nam A vdi chau Phi, Trung Dong, An Do va Trung Hoa Malaysia da trd ndi lui tdi cua cac thffdng gia nffdc ngoai tff nhffng dau tien Vffa nam tren dffdng buon ban Dong Tay, lai vffa nam tren dffdng giao Iffu Nam Bac (tff nam Thai Binh Dffdng len bac Thai Binh Dffdng), ban dao Ma Lai tff thdi tien sff da dffdc mo ta nhff la mot chiee cau de nhffng ngffdi di cff noi tie'p nam tien tff luc dia chau A den quan dao phia Dong Nam chau A Chinh vi tri dia ly la nga tff dffdng cua Dong Nam A va nam giffa hai nffdc Idn la An Do va Trung Hoa, Malaysia hang the ky la ndi tie'p xiic vdi nhffng ngffdi, nen van hda, thffdng mai va chinh tri mdi [36;ix] Do dd, da sac toe luon luon la net dac trffng cua da't nffdc Cd the tim tha'y dieu dd d 64 nhdm chung toe hay van hda khac d Malaysia (phu luc 2) Nhffng net ndi bat nha't la sff chia cat cff dan bo phan Bumiputera va khong phai Bumiputera (ban dia va khong phai ban dia) 77m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de eua cdc ddn tgc thieu so d Malaysia PHU LUC THANH PHAN DAN TOC - LBEN BANG MALAYSIA (Theo dilu tra dan so' 1980) len 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Bajau Bangladesh Bidayuh (Dayak Laut) Bisayah Brunei Dumpas Hai Nam Henghua Hokchia Hokchiu Iban Idahan Ilanun Jaffna Tamil Jah Jehai Jakun Kadazan Kayan Kedayan Kelabit Kenyah Khek (Hac Ca) Kwijau Kwongsai Lotud Mah Meri Malayalee Mangka'an Maragang Melanau Melayu Nhom NcficUtru Ban dia An Do Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Trung Quo'c Trung Quoc Trung Quoc Trung Quoc Ban dia Ban dja Ban dia An Do Negrito Orang Asli Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Trung Quoc Ban dia Trung Quo'c Ban dia Ban dia An Do Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Ban dia Sabah Malaysia Sarawak Sarawak/Sabah Sabah Sabah Malaysia Ban dao, Sarawak Ban dao Ban dao Sarawak Sabah Sabah Ban dao Ban dao Ban dao Sabah Sarawak Sabah, Sarawak Sarawak Sarawak Malaysia Sabah Ban dao Sabah Ban dao Ban dao Sabah Sabah Sarawak Malaysia •88- Tim hieu nhu edu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Malaysia 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Minokok Murut Negrito Ngu'di A-Au Ngu'di chau Au Orang India Orang Indonesia Orang Kanao Orang Pangan Orang Semang Orang Sinhale Orang Sungai Paitan Pakistan Philippines Phuc Chau Phuc Kie'n Pulau Cocos Punan Quang Dong Rumanau Rungus Semai Semelai Senoi Sikh Sino-Native Sulu Tambanuo Tamil Telegu 63 64 Temiar 65 66 Tidong Trieu Chau 67 68 Trung Quo'c Viet Nam Ban dia Ban dia Orang Asli Khac Khac An Do Ban dia Senoi Senoi Senoi An Do Ban dia Ban dia An Do Khac Trung Quo'c Trung Quo'c Ban dia Ban dia Trung Quo'c Ban dia Ban dia Senoi Senoi Orang Asli An Do Ban dia Ban dia Sabah Sabah Ban dao Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Ban dao Ban dao Ban dao Ban dao Sabah Sabah Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Ban dao Sabah Sarawak Malaysia Sabah Sabah Ban dao Ban dao Ban dao Ban dao Sabah Sabah Ban dia An Do Sabah Malaysia Malaysia An Do Senoi Khac Thai Ban dao Ban dao Sabah Ban dia Trung Quo'c Malaysia Trung Quo'c Malaysia Khac Ban dao [Nguon: 39] -89- 71m hieu nhu edu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sod Malaysia PHU LUC CAC NGON NG0 d MALAYSIA (PHAN BAN DAO) BATEK SNN: 700 (1981 Wurm \k Hattori) DB: Bdc Pahang, Kelantan, Trengganu TGK: Bateq, Bateg, Batok, Kleb, Tomo, Nong PN: Batek Teq (Teq), Batek De' (Deq), Baiek Iga, Batek Nong (Nong) PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, North Aslian, Eastern BESISI SNN: 1,356 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Bc( bien Selangor, Malacca TGK: Mah Meri, Cellate PN: Kuala Langot Besisi, Malakka Besisi, Ulu Langat Orang Bukit, Selangor Sakai, Betise' (Betisek), Sisi PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, South Aslian CHEWONG SNN: 270 (1975 SIL) DB: Nam Semai, Pahang TGK: Cheq Wong, Che'wong, Siwang, Beri, Chuba PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Ashan, North Ashan, Chewong CHINESE, HAKKA SNN: 985,635 d Malaysia, gom 786,097 cl Ban dao Malaysia, 109,060 d Sarawak, 90,478 d Sabah (DTDS 1980) PL: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese CHINESE MANDARIN SNN: 417,070 cl Malaysia (DTDS 1970 ) DB: B^n dao Malaysia, Sabah, va Sarawak PL: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese CHINESE, MIN DONG SNN: 206,013 d Malaysia, gom 85,368 d B^n dao Malaysia, 120,645 d Sarawak (1979, gam Pu-Xian Chinese PN: Foochow (Fuzhou) PL: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese CHINESE, MIN NAN SNN: 1,946,698 d Malaysia, g6m 1,824,741 d Ban dao Malaysia, 7,990 Teochew, 5,083 Hainanese, 24,604 Hokkien d Sabah (DTDS 1980) 84,280 d Sarawak (1979) TGK: Min Nan, Minnan PN: Fukienese (Amoy, Fujianese, Hokkien), Hainanese, Chaochow (Teochow, Teochew) PL: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese CHINESE, PU-XIAN DB: Bdn dao Malaysia va Sarawak PN: Xinghua (Hsinghua, Hinghua) PL: SinoTibetan, Chinese CHINESE, YUE SNN: 748,010 d Malaysia, gom 704,286 d Ban dao Malaysia, 24,640 d Sarawak, 19,184 d Sabah (DTDS 1980) TGK: Cantonese, Yue, Yueh PN: Cantonese, Toishanese PL: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese DUANO' SNN: 1,922 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Bd bien nam Pontian Kecil va tay bac TGK: Orang Kuala, Desin Dola' PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Para-Malay ENGLISH PL: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English JAH HUT SNN: 2,442 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Nam Semai Kuala Krau, Pahang TGK: Jah Het PN: Kerdau, Krau, Ketiar Krau (Tengganu), Kuala Tembehng, Pulau Guai, Ulu Ceres (Cheres), Ulu Tembeling PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, Jah Hut JAKUN SNN: 9,799 (1981 Wurm v^ Hattori) DB: Bd bien dong va dat lien, song Pairang, -90- 71m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de eua cdc ddn toe thieu so'd Malaysia Pekan den Sri Gading, dong den Benut, tay bac den giCTa song Muat TGK: Jaku'd, Jakud'n, Jakoon, Djakun, Orang Hulu PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Aboriginal Malay JEHAI SNN: 1,250 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Dong bac Perak va tay Kelantan TGK: Jahai, Pangan PN: Jehai, Batek Teh PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, North Aslian, Eastern KENSIU SNN: 3,000 Malaysia (1984 D Hogan) TGK: Kenseu, Kensieu, Kensiw, Semang, Moniq, Monik, Mendi, Negrito, Ngok Pa, Orang Bukit, Orang Liar PN: Ijoh (Ijok), Jarum, Jeher (Sakai Tanjong cua Temongoh), Kedah (Quedah), Plus, Ulu Selama, Kensiu Batu, Kensiu Siong, Kentaq Nakil PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Ashan, North Aslian, Western KINTAQ SNN: 100(2nurdc) (1975 SIL) 7G/:.-Kenta, Kintak, Kintaq Bong, Bong PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, North Aslian, Western LANOH SNN: 260 (1975 SIL) DB: Bac mien trung Perak, TGK: Jengjeng PL: AustroAsiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, Senoic MALACCAN CREOLE MALAY DB:Eo bien Malacca TGK: Chitties Creole Malay PL: Creole, cd sd la tieng Malay MALACCAN CREOLE PORTUGUESE SNN: 5,000 (1997 Col Timothy D'Souza, Eurasian Association) TGK: Malaysian Creole Portuguese, Malaccan, Papia Kristang, Kristang, Portuguese Patois, Serani, Bahasa Serani, Bahasa Geragau, Malaqueiro, Malaquense, Malaqus, Malaquenho, Portugus De Malaca, Malayo-Portuguese PL: Creole, cd sd la tie'ng Bo Dao Nha MALAY SNN: 7,181,000 or 47% of the population (1986), gom 248,757 d Sarawak (1980 DTDS), 2,000,000 d Kelantan va Trengganu, va 1,000,000 d cac ndi khac cua Malaysia; 10,000,000 d Malaysia gom nhOng nguTdi noi ngon ngi? thu* hai(1977 SIL) TGK: Bahasa Malaysia, Bahasa Malayu, Malayu, Melaju, Melayu, Standard Malay PN: Trengganu, Kelantan, Kedah, Perak (Malay mien Nam), Sarawak Malay, Bazaar Malay (Malay thap cap, Pasar Malay, Pasir Malay, Trade Malay) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay MALAY, BABA SNN: 5,000 d Malacca hay 3% so dan Trung Quoc (1979 Tan Chee Beng) DB: Melaka Tengah, Eo bien Malacca, Ban dao Malaysia TGK: Straits Malay, Chinese Malay PL: Creole, cd sd la tieng Malay MINRIQ SNN: 125 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Dong nam Kelantan TGK: Menriq, Menrik, Mendriq, Menraq PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, North Aslian, Eastern MINTIL SNN: 40 (1975 SIL) DB: song Tamun, Pahang TGK: Mitil PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, North Aslian, Eastern NEGERI SEMBILAN MALAY SNN: 300,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Dong nam Kuala Lumpur, qugn Ulu Muar TGK: Malaysian Minangkabau, Ulu Muar Malay, Orang Negeri PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Para-Malay ORANG KANAQ SNN: 34 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Dong nam v^ dong bac of Mawai PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, •91 Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn toe thieu sod Malaysia Malayan, Aboriginal Malay ORANG SELETAR SNN: 541 (Malaysia va Singapore) (1981 Wurm va Hattori) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Aboriginal Malay SABUM DB: Bac mien Trung Perak PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, Senoic SEMAI SNN: 18,327 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Tay bac Pahang v^ nam Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, vting nui mien trung TGK: Central 'Sakai', Senoi, Sengoi PN: Jelai, Orang Tanjong Of Ulu Langat, Sungkai, Perak I, Perak Ii, Cameron, Telom, Bidor, Betau, Lipis, Bil, Ulu Kampar (Kampar) PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, Senoic SEMAQ BERI SNN: 2,080 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Pahang, Trengganu, Kelantan TGK: Semaq Bri, Semoq Beri PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, South Aslian SEMELAI SNN: 2,682 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Giffa Segamat (Johore) va song Pahang PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, South Aslian SEMNAM DB: Bac mien trung Perak PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, Senoic TAMIL SNN: 1,060,000 d Malaysia (1993) PL: Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, Tamil-Kodagu, Tamil-Malayalam, Tamil TEMIAR SNN: 11,593 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Perak v& Kelantan, Pahang TGK: Temer, Northern Sakai, Seroq, Pie PN: Grik, Kenderong, Kenering, Po-Klo (Sakai Bukit Of Temongoh), Sakai Of Plus Korbu, Sungai Piah, Tanjong Rambutan, Tembe' (Tembi), Ulu Kinta (Kinta Sakai), Lanoh Kobak PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, Senoic TEMOQ SNN: 350 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB:S6ng Jeram, dong nam Pahang PL: AustroAsiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, South Aslian TEMUAN SNN: 9,312 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Phia nam rang nui chinh d nijfa nam Ban dao, Selangor, Pahang, Jahore, Negri Sembilan, Kuala Langat TGK: Benua, Niap PN: Beduanda (Biduanda), Belanda (Belana, Blanda, Landa, Belanas, Belandas), Berembun (Birmun), Mantra (Mentera, Mintra), Temuan, Udai PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Aboriginal Malay TONGA DB: Mui bac Kaki TGK: Mos PN: Satun PL: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Aslian, North Aslian, Tonga [Nguon: Vien Ngon ngvt hoc Mija he] •92- 71m hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sd d Malaysia CAC NGON NGtf d MALAYSLV (PHAN SABAH) ABAI SUNGAI SNN: 500 (1982 SIL) DB: Ha Imj song Kinabatangan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic BAJAU, WEST COAST SNN: 40,000 (1982), 97,124 Bajau va Sama d Sabah (DTDS 1980) DB: Kuala Penyu den Kudat, vdng bac va dong, bd bien lay Sabah TGK: Land Bajaw, West Coast Bajao PN: Kota Belud, Kawang, Putatan, Papar, Banggi, Sandakan Bajau, Pitas Bajau PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Borneo Coast Bajaw BAN JAR SNN: 900,000 d Sabah (1993) DB: Tawau TGK: Banjarese, Bandjarese, Banjar Malay PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay BAUKAN SNN: 1,800 den 2,100 hay hdn (1985 SIL) DB: Quan Keningau va Kinabatangan gdn thifdng nguon song Sook va Kinabatangan TGK: Baukan Murut PN: Baukan (Baokan, Bokan, Bookan, Boken, Bokun, Bukun, Bokon, Ulun-No-Bokon, Ulun-NoBokan, Pingas), Kokoroton Murut, Tengara (Tungara, Tingara, Tenggaraq, Tangara', Tanggaraq, Kinabatangan Murut) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Northern BISAYA, SABAH SNN: 10,000 to 12,000 (1985 SIL) DB: Bd bien bSc v^ quanh vinh Brunei, chu yeu d tay Beaufort doc song Padas, nam Weston, va nam Kuala Penyu den bd bien TGK: Basaya, Besaya, Bisaia, Bisayah, Jilama Bawang, Jilama Sungai PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya BONGGI SNN: 1,400 (1990 UBS) DB: Dao Banggi d Kudat, 15 lang TGK: Banggi, Bangay, Banggi Dusun PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Meso Philippine, Palawan© BRUNEI SNN: 54,000 d Malaysia (46,500 d Sabah, 7,500 d Sarawak) DB: Thtfdng song Balait va Tutau, bd bien bac, khu va 5, Sarawak; Sabah d quan Beaufort, Kuala Penyu, Labuan, Labuk-Sugut, Papar, Sipitang, Sandakan, va Tenom TGK: BruneiKadaian, Orang Bukit Pn: Brunei, Kadaian (Kadayan, Kadian, Kadien, Kadyan, Karayan, Kedyan, Kedayan, Kedien, Kerayan) PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay BUGIS TGK: Buginese PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Bugis CHAVACANO DB: MQt lang d Semporna PL: Creole, cd sd 1^ tieng TSy Ban Nha DUMPAS SNN: 500 to 1,000 (1985 SIL) DB; Lang Perancangan d quan Labuk-Sugut TGK: Doompas PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Unclassified DUSUN CENTRAL SNN: 140,500 (1991 SIL), gom 50,000 Ranau (1989 UBS), 70,000 Bundu (1990 UBS), 500 Kuala Monsok Dusun (1981 Wurm va HaUori) DB: Beaufort, Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Kota Marudu, Kinabatangan, Keningau, Labuk-Sugut, Penampang, Papar, Ranau, Tambunan, Tenom, Tuaran, va Tawau TGK: Dusun, •93- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Malaysia Dusan, Dusum, Dusur, Kadayan, Kedayan, Kadasan, Central Kadazan PN: Dusun SinuUhan (Sinulihan), Kadazan-Tagaro (Tagaro), Kiundu, Pahu', Sokid, Tindal, Menggatal (Kiulu, Telipok), Ranau Bundu (Taginambur), Beaufort, Luba, Kuala Monsok Dusun PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan Dusunic, Dusun, Central DUSUN, SUGUT SNN: 8,000 to 9,000 (1985 SIL) DB: Thifdng nguon song Sugut, quan Labuk-Sugut TGK: Dusun, Sugut, Sugut Kadazan, Kadayan, Tanggal, Tilau-Ilau PN: Tinagas, Talantang PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, CenU-al DUSUN, TAMBUNAN DB:Quan Tambunan va Keningau TGK: Tambunan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central DUSUN, TEMPASUK SNN: 6,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Quanh lang Tempasuk, Kota Belud TGK: Tindal, Kedamaian Dusun, Tampasuk, Tampassuk, Tampasok, Tempasok, PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central GANA SNN: 2,000 (1985 SIL) DB: Minusut v^ Kuangoh, quan Keningau District doc song Baiaya, mQt nh^nh song Pegalan River, bdc Keningau TGK: Ganaq, Gana", Minansut, Keningau Dusun PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun IDA'AN SNN: 6,000 (1987 SIL), gom 1,500 Begahak DB: Bd bien dong Sabah, Lahad Datu, Kinabatangan, va Sandakan TGK: Eraans, Bulud Upi, Idaan, Idahan, Idan, Idayan PN: Begak (Begahak, Bagahak), Subpan (Supan, Sungai), Ida'an PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Ida'an ILANUN SNN: 6,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: 17 l^ng quanh Lahad Datu va Kota Belud; Kudat v^ Marudu TGK: Illanun, Illanoan, lUanoon, Iranon Maranao, Iranum, Iranun, Lanoon, Ylanos, Lanun, Illanos PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Southern Philippine, Danao, Maranao-Iranon JAVANESE SNN: 300,000 d Sabah (1981 Wurm va Hattori) TGK: Jawa PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Javanese KADAZAN, COASTAL SNN: 60,000 (1986 SIL) DB: Bd bien tay Sabah, quan Penampang va Papar TGK: Penampang Kadazan, Papar Kadazan, Membakut Kadazan PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun KADAZAN, KLIAS RIVER SNN: 1,000 (1984 SIL) DB: song KUas, quan Beaufort PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun KADAZAN, LABUKKINABATANGAN SNN: 21,000 den 24,000 gom 14,000 den 16,000 Labuk (1987 SIL), 7,000 den 8,000 Sungai (1982 SIL) DB: Dong bac Sabah, quan Sandakan, Labuk-Sugut, va Kinabatangan TGK: Eastern Kadazan, Labuk Kadazan, Sogilitan, Tindakon, Tompulung PN: Mangkaak (Mangkahak, Mangkok, Mangkak), Sukang, Labuk, Lamag Sungai (Sungei) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Eastern -94- Tim hieu nhu edu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd KALABAKAN KENINGAU MURUT Malaysia SNN: 1,500 to 2,000 (1989 SIL) DB: quan Tawau dpc song Kalabakan TGK: Kalabakan Murut, Tawau Murut, Tidung PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong SNN: 4,000 den 5,200 (1982 SIL), g6m 1,000 den 1,200 Dusun Murut (1985 SIL) 34,282 Murut d Sabah (1980 DTDS) DB; Quan Keningau doc song Pegalan TGK: Central Murut PN: Nabay (Nabai, Nebee, Dabay, Dabai, Rabay, Rabai), Ambual, Dusun Murut PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut KIMARAGANG SNN; 10,000 (1987 SIL), gdm 6,000 Tandek, 2,000 Sonsogon DB: Quan Kota Marudu va Pitas TGK: Kimaragan, Kimaragangan, Maragang, Marigang PN: Tandek (Garo), Pitas Kimaragang, Sandayo, Sonsogon PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun KINABATANGAN, UPPER SNN; 5,300 den 6,400 (1987 SIL), gom 500 Dusun Segama va 800 den 900 Sinabu' (1985 SIL) DB; ThUdng \\Sw song Kinabatangan, quan Lahad Datu va Sandakan, MaUgatan, Minusu, v^ Tongud PN: Kalabuan (Kolobuan), Makiang, Dusun Segama (Saga-I, Soghai, Segai) Sinabu' (Sinabu) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic, Upper Kinabatangan KOTA MARUDU TALANTANG SNN: 800 to 1,000 (1985 SIL) DB: Quan Kota Marudu, d Talantang v^ Talantang PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun KOTA MARUDU TINAGAS SNN; 1,250 (1985 SIL) DB: Nam Kota Marudu va Parong, mpt lang nhap cUd bac Kota Marudu PL: AusU-onesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central KUIJAU SNN: 5,000 den 6,000 (1985 SIL) DB: Quan Keningau District TGK: Kijau, Kujau, Kwijau, Minansut, Kuliow, Kuiyow, Kuriyo, Koijoe, Menindal, Tindal, Menindaq, Tidung, Hill Dusun PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun LOBU, LANAS SNN: 2,800 gom 2,000 d Lobu, 800 d Rumanau (1986 SIL) DB; Lobu d Keningau gdn Lanas, Rumanau d Masaum, Mangkawagu, Minusu, Kinabatangan PN: Lobu, Rumanau (Rumanau Alab, Romanau, Roomarrows) PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic, Upper Kinabatangan LOBU, TAMPIAS SNN: 1,800 (1985 SIL) DB; l^ng d Ranau quanh Tampias PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic, Upper Kinabatangan LOTUD SNN: 5,000 (1985 SIL) DB; Quan Tuaran, bdc Kota Kinabalu TGK: Latod, Latud, Suang Lotud, Tuaran Dusun PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun MALAY, COCOS SNN: 3,000 d Sabah (1975 SIL) TGK: Cocos, Kokos, Kukus PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay ISLANDS •95- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido ditc tie'ng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sod MALAY, SABAH MAPUN MINOKOK Malaysia TGK: Bazaar Malay, Pasar Malay PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay DB: Bd bien dong Sabah, tap trung d Sandakan, bd bien tay Sabah: Banggi, Marudu, Kudat, Kota Kinabalu TGK: Sama Mapun, Jama Mapun, Cagayan De Sulu, Cagayanon, Bajau Kagayan, Orang Cagayan, Kagayan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Borneo Coast Bajaw SNN: 2,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Thu-dng ngu6n song Kinabatangan PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun, Central MOLBOG DB: Dao Banggi PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Meso Philippine, Palawano PALUAN SNN; 4,000 den 5,000 (1990 SIL), g6m 3,000 Paluan, 1,000 den 2,000 Pandewan DB: Sabah, quan Tenom, Keningau, va Pensiangan dpc vai phu lu\i song Padas, dpc cac song Daht, Keramatoi, Nabawan, PamentarianMesopo, thung lung song Sook, va thifdng nguon song Talankai v^ Sapulut PN: Paluan (Peluan), Dalit Murut, Sook Murut, Takapan, Makaheeliga (Makialiga), Pandewan (Pandewan Murut) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut PAPAR SNN: 600 den 800 (1985 SIL) DB: Quan Kuala Penyu TGK: Bajau Bukit PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun RUNGUS SNN: 15,000 (1991 UBS) DB: Quan Kudat, Pitas, v^ Labuk-Sugut TGK: Dusun Dayak, Melobong Rungus, Memagun, Memogun, Momogun, Roongas, Rungus Dusun PN: Nulu, Gonsomon, Rungus PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun SAMA, BALANGINGI SNN: 30,000 d bd bien dong Bajau (Sama), gom Kagayan (Sama Mapun) va nam Sama (1977 K Pallesen SIL) DB: Bd bien dong Sabah TGK: Balangingi Bajau, Baangingi', Northern Sinama, Balanian, Balagnini, Balanini, Balignini, Binadan, Banadan PL: Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama SAMA, CENTRAL DB; Dong nam Sabah, dtic bi?t d quan Semporna TGK: Siasi Sama Central Sinama, Samal, Sinama PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama SAMA, SOUTHERN SNN: 20,000 hoSc hdn d Sabah DB: Bd bien dong, bac va tay: Banggi, Kota Belud, Gaya Island, Kuala Penyu TGK: Sama Sibutu', Southern Bajau PN: Bajau Banaran, Bajau Darat, Bajau Laut (Mandelaut, Pala'au, Sama Laut, Sama Mandelaut, Sama Pala'au, Sea Bajau, Sea Gypsies), Bajau Semporna (Bajau Asli, Kubang, Sama Kubang), Laminusa (Laminusa Sinama), Sibutu (Sibutuq, Sama Sibutu, Samah-Samah, Samah Lumbuh), Simunul (Sama Simunul), Sikubung (Kubung, Sama Kubung), Sama (A'a Sama, Sama', Samah, Samal, Samar), Ubian (Obian, Sama Ubian, Tau Ubian) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama SELUNGAI MURUT SNN: 300 d Sabah (1990 SIL) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western •96- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Malaysia Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut SEMBAKUNG MURUT TGK: Tinggalan, Tinggalum, Tingalun, Simbakong, Sembakoeng, Sembakong, Tidong, Tidoeng, Tidung PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong SERUDUNG MURUT SNN: 1,000 (1989 SIL) DB: Quan Tawau dpc song Serudung v^ mot lang cich Tawau 12 dSm TGK: Serudong, Tawau Murut, Tidung PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong TAGAL MURUT SNN: 28,000 den 48,000 d Sabah, Malaysia (1987 SIL) PN: Rundum (Arundum), Tagal (Taggal, Tagul, Tagol, North Borneo Murut, Sabah Murut), Sumambu (Semembu, Semambu, Sumambuq), Tolokoson (Telekoson), Sapulot Murut (Sapulut Murut), Pensiangan Murut (Pentjangan, Lagunan Murut), Salalir (Sadalir, Sed'lir, Saralir), Alumbis (Lumbis Loembis), Tawan, Tomani (Tumaniq), Maligan (Mauhgan, MeUgan, Bol Murut, Bole Murut) PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut TATANA SNN: 5,500 (1982 SIL) DB: Quan Kuala Penyu TGK: Tatana", Tatanaq PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya TAUSUG SNN: 110,000 d Sabah, Malaysia (1982 SIL) DB: Quan Sempurna, Sandakan, Tawau, Lahad Datu, Labuk-Sugut, Kudat TGK: Taw Sug, Sulu, Suluk, Sooloo, Tausog, Taosug, Moro, Joloano, Joloano Sulu PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Meso Phihppine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, South, Butuan-Tausug TEBILUNG SNN: 2,000 hoac nhieu hdn (1984 SIL) DB; Quan Kota Marudu, tirKota Belud den Kudat, va d Kota Belud TGK: Tabilong, Tobilang, Tobilung PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Dusun TIDONG SNN: 9,800 d Sabah (1982 SIL) DB; Sabah, quan Labuk-Sugut, Sandakan, va Tawau TGK: Camucones, Nonukan, Tedong, Tidoeng, Tiran, Tirones, Tiroon, Zedong PN: Tarakan (Terakan), Sesayap (Sesajap) PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong TIMUGON MURUT SNN: 7,200 den 8,700 (1982 SIL), gom 1,200 den 1,700 d Beaufort Murut (1982 SIL) DB: Qu^n Tenom dpc song Padas tOr Melalap den Batu, va quan Beaufort dpc song Bukau va Padas TGK: Timugon, Timogun, Timigan, Timigun, Timogon, Tumugun, Temogun, Tenom Murut PN: Kapagalan, Poros, Beaufort Murut (Binta'), Timugon, Sandiwar (Sandewar), Dabugus, Lower Murut, Murut Padaass, Bukau (Bukow) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut TOMBONUWO SNN: 20,000 (1991 UBS), gom 3,000 Lingkabau DB: Quan Labuk-Sugut, Kota Marudu, v^ Pitas TGK: Tombonuo, Tombonuva, Tambanuo, Tambanua Tambanuva, Tambanwas, Tambenua, Tambunwas, Tembenua, Tunbumohas, Tumbunwha, Paitan, Sungai, Sungei, Lobu PN: Lingkabau Sugut (Linkabau) PL: -97- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de eua cdc ddn tgc thieu sod Malaysia Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Paitanic WOLIO TGK: Buton, Butung, Butonese PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sulawesi, Muna-Buton, Buton YAKAN SNN: 5,000 den 10,000 d Sabah (1985) TGK: Yacan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sama-Bajaw, Yakan [Nguon: V i e n N g o n ngi? hoc M u a he] CAC NGON NGLf d MALAYSIA (PHAN SARAWAK) BALAU SNN: 5,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Tay nam Sarawak, dong nam Simunjan TGK: Bala'u PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic BERAWAN SNN: 870 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Song Tutoh va Baram d phia bac PN: Batu Bla (Batu Belah), Long Pata, Long Jegan, West Berawan, Long Terawan PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Berawan BIATAH SNN: 20,100 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori) TGK: Kuap, Quop, Bikuab, Sentah PN: Siburan, Stang (Sitaang, Bisitaang), Tibia PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak BINTULU SNN: 4,200 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Bd bien dong bac quanh Sibuti, tay Niah, quanh Bintulu, v^ hai vOng dat phia tay PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Bintulu BISAYA, SARAWAK SNN: 7,000 (1984 SIL) DB: Dong nam Marudi, khu TGK: Bisayah, Bisaya Bukit, Visayak, Bekiau, Lorang Bukit PN: Lower Bisaya, Mid Bisaya, Upper Bisaya PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya, Southern BUKAR SADONG SNN: 34,600 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori) TGK: Sadong, Buka, Bukar, Tebakang, Serian, Sabutan Seputan, Saputan PN: Bukar Bidayuh (Bidayuh, Bidayah), Bukar Sadong, Mentuh Tapuh PL: Austronesian MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian Borneo, Land Dayak BUKITAN SNN: 410 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori) TGK: Bakitan, Bakatan, Beketan, Mangkettan, Manketa, Pakatan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang DARO-MATU SNN: 7,600 gom 4,800 Matu, 2,800 Daro (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB; Song Matu quanh Daro va Matu PN: Daro, Matu PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau IBAN SNN; 400,000 d Sarawak (1995 P Martin), 415,000 (ke ca Indonesia va Brunei) (1995 P Martin), 1,000,000 nhifng ngu'di noi nhu" ngon ngff thu* hai (1999 WA) TGK: Sea Dayak PN: Batang Lupar, Bugau, Skrang, Dau, Lemanak, Ulu Ai, -98- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de cua cdc ddn toe thieu sdd Malaysia Undup PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic JAGOI SNN: 19,000 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Bau, Khu 1, sdng Sadong, Samarahan va Lundu, khoang 50 lang TGK: Sarawak Dayak, Jaggoi, Bau-Jagoi PN: Grogo (Grogoh), Stenggang Jagoi, Krokong, Gumbang, Serambau (Serambu, Serambo), Empawa, Assem, Singge (Singgai, Singgi, Singgie Singhi, Bisingai), Suti Tengoh, Dongay, Taup (Tahup) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak KAJAMAN SNN: 500 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB; Gdn Belaga tren song Baloi, mien trung Sarawak, Khu TGK: Kayaman, Kejaman PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang Kajang KANOWIT SNN: 170 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Song Rejang, Khu PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, MelanauKajang, Melanau KAYAN, BARAM SNN: 4,150 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Sdng Baram, thiTdng Sarawak TGK: Baram Kajan PN: Long Atip, Long Akahsemuka PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Kayan KAYAN, MURIK SNN; 1,120(1981 Wurm v^ Hattori) DB: Durdi Long Miri (Banyuq) v^ du-di Lio Mato (Semiang) tren song Baram PN: Long Banyuq (Banyuq), Long Semiang (Semiang) PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Murik KAYAN, REJANG SNN: 3,030 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Viing song Rejang, Balui TGK: Rejang Kajan PN: Ma'aging, Long Badan, Uma Daro, Long Kehobo (Uma Poh), Uma Juman, Long Murun, Long Geng, Lemena, Lisum PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik Kayan KELABIT SNN: l,650(Malaysiava Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori) TGK: Kalabit, Kerabit PN: Brung, Libbung, Lepu Potong, Bario, Lon Bangag PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic KENYAH, BAKUNG DB: Nam mien trung, gan bien gidi Kalimantan TGK: Bakung, Bakong, Bakung Kenya PN: Oga Bakung PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah KENYAH, SEBOB SNN; 1,730 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB; ThiTdng \\SKX song Tinjar d bac Sarawak, khu 4, giffa song Rejang va Baram, vai lang Idn TGK: Sibop, Sebop, Sebob, Sabup, Sambup PN: Tinjar Sibop, Lirong, Long Pokun, Bah Malei (Ba Mali), Long Atun, Long Ekang (Long Ikang), Long Luyang PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Sebob KENYAH, TUTOH SNN; 600 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Dong bac, song Tutoh TGK: Tutoh Kenya PN: Long Wat, Long Labid, Lugat PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah KENYAH, UPPER BARAM SNN: 2,660 (Malaysia va Indonesia) (1981 Wurm va Hattori) TGK: Upper Baram Kenja, Kenja, Kenyah, Kinjin, Kindjin, Kanyay PL: Austronesian, Malayo- •99- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia ede ddn toe thieu sdd Malaysia Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Main Kenyah KENYAH, WESTERN KIPUT SNN: 1,250(1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Song Balui, Belaga, Kalua, va Kemena TGK: Western Kenya, Kenja, Kinjin, Kindjin, Kanyay PN: Long Bangan, Kemena Penan, Kakus Penan, Uma Bakah (Long Bulan), Lunan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Main Kenyah SNN: 2,460(1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Ddng bac quanh Marudi PN: Long Kiput, Long Tutoh (Kuala Tutoh), Lemiting PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, A LAHANAN SNN: 350 (1981 Wurm v& Hattori) DB: Mien trung, dong Belaga, tay nam Long Murum TGK: Lanun, Lanan PL: AusU-onesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang LARA' DB: Hai lang nho d sdng Pasir, Lundu, khu TGK: Luru PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak LELAK SNN: 220 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: dong b5c va bac Sibuti (DaU) va sdng Tinjar (Lelak) PN: Lelak, Dali PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, B LUNDAYEH SNN: 12,800 gom 10,000 d Lun Bawang d Sarawak (1987), 2,800 d Lun Daye d Sabah (1982 SIL) DB: Bien gidi tay nam Sabah va Sarawak TGK: Lun Dayah, Lun Daye, Lun Dayeh, Lun Daya, Lun Dayoh, Lundaya, Lun Lod, Southern Murut PN: Lun Bawang (Sarawak Murut), Lun Dayah, Adang, Balait (Tabun, Treng), Kolur, Padas, Trusan (Lawas, Limbang), Lepu PotonG PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic MADANG DB: Song Tinjar, khu TGK: Badang, Medang, Malang, Lepo Tau Kenyah, Lepo Tau Kenya, Lepu Tau PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Sebob MELANAU SNN: 25,120 (1981 Wurm v^ Hattori) TGK: Milanau, Milano, Belana'u PN: Mukah-Oya (Mukah, Muka, Oya, Oya', Oga), BaUngian, Bruit, Dalat (Dalad), Igan, Sarikei, Segahan, Prehan, Segalang, Siteng PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau MILIKIN SNN: 3,500 (1999 Peter Cullip) DB: Quan Serian, Kuching, va phiTdngngu'd 13 lang dong nam Serian de'n Balai Ringin TGK: Millikin, Remun PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic NAROM SNN: 2,420 (1981 Wurm v^ Hattori) d9e61nNam cufa sdng Baram quanh Miri TGK: Narum PN: Narom, Miri PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, B OKOLOD SNN; 1,100 den 1,200, gom 1,000 d Sarawak, 100 den 200 d Sabah (1987 SIL) 100- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sod Malaysia TGK: Kolour, Kolur, Kolod, Okolod Murut PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut PENAN, EASTERN DB: Dong song Baram, quan Apoh River TGK: 'Punan' PN: Penan Apoh PL: AusU-onesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, PunanNibong PENAN, WESTERN SNN: 9,000 d Sarawak (1988 Lian) TGK: Nibong, Nibon, 'Punan' PN: Nibong, Bok Penan (Bok), Penan Silat, Penan Gang (Gang), Penan Lusong (Lusong), Penan Apo, Sipeng (Speng), Penan Lanying, Jelalong Penan PL: Austronesian, MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Punan-Nibong PUNAN BAH-BIAU SNN: 450 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB:Mien trung, quanh sdng Merit, Rejang, khu PN: Punan Bah (Punan Ba), Punan Biau PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Rejang-Sajau PUNAN BATU SNN: 50 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB:Tay Long Geng, ddng nam Belaga PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang SA'BAN DB: Dong bac tren bien gidi Kahmantan, ddng bac Ramudu, ThiTdng Baram, khu 4, gdm Long Banga.' PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western MalayoPolynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic SEBUYAU SNN: 9,000 (1981 Wurm \t Hattori) DB: Lundu, khu 1, cufa song Lupa, bd tay quanh Sebuyau TGK: Sibuyau, Sabuyau, Sibuian, Sibuyan, Sabuyan PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic SEKAPAN SNN: 750 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Belaga, khu TGK: Sekepan PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang SELAKO SNN: 3,800 d Sarawak (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Saak, Lundu, khu 1,22 lang TGK: Selakau, Salakau, Silakau PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak SIAN SNN; 70(1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Belaga, khu TGK: Sihan PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang SIBU SNN: 420 (1981 Wurm va Hattori) DB: Sibu, khu 3, song Rejang TGK: Siduan, Siduani, Seduan-Banyok PN: Seduan, Banyok PL: Austronesian MalayoPolynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest Melanau-Kajang, Melanau TANJONG SNN: 100(1981 Wurm v5 Hattori) DB: Sdng Rejang River tren vOng ngdn ngi! Kanowit dirdi lang Song, Kapit, khu PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau TRING DB; L^ng Long Terawan, lim sdng Tutoh PL: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic -101- Tim hieu nhu cdu gido due tieng me de ciia cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Malaysia PHU LUC HE THONG GIAO DUG QUOC GIA MALAYSIA He thong giao due phd thong qudc gia Malaysia c6 cau true 6-3-2-2 Bac giao due Tieu hoc Cac ldp 1-6 Kv thi tot nehiep UPSR (Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah) (m6i ldp nam) Trung hoc bac thap 1-3 PMR (Penilaian Menengah Rendah) (moi ldp nam) Trung hoc bac cao 4-5 (m6i ldp niSm) Cao trung SPM (Sijil Peperiksaan Malaysia) SPVM (Sijil Pelajaran Vokasional Malaysia) STPM (Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia) (2 nam) [Nguon: 391 103- ... NGON N G O CUA MALAYSIA I Khai quat ve tinh hinh kinh te-xa hoi d Malaysia sau gianh doc lap (1957) den 1) Malaysia la quoc gia da dan toe, da ngon ngff 2) Tinh hinh kinh te-xa hoi d Malaysia tff... Lien bang Malaysia Phu luc 2: Thanh phan dan toe - Lien bang Malaysia Phu luc 3: Cac ngon ngff d Malaysia Phan Ban dao Phan Sabah Phan Sarawak Phu luc 4: He tho^ng giao due quo'c gia Malaysia. .. ngffdi Hoa d Malaysia Tuy mue dich cua luan van la tim hieu nhu cau giao due tie'ng me de cua cac dan toe thieu so', nhffng nhu cau dd khong the ton tai ben ngoai mdi lien he vdi cac nhu cau khac