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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: THE PRESENT TENSES I Thì đơn - The present simple tense Thì đơn (Simple Present tense) dùng để diễn đạt hành động mang tính thường xun (regular action), theo thói quen (habitual action) hành động lặp lặp lại có tính quy luật, diễn tả chân lý thật hiển nhiên Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả hành động thường I go to school by bus every day xuyên xảy ra, lặp lặp lại nhiều lần She always has milk for breakfast Dùng để diễn tả thói quen My sister often sleeps late at night and gets up late in the next morning Dùng để diễn tả chân lí, thật hiển nhiên The Earth moves around the Sun Dùng để nói thời gian biểu, chương trình The plane takes off at p.m this afternoon kế hoạch cố định theo thời gian The train leaves at a.m tomorrow biểu Dùng để diễn tả nghề nghiệp My mother is a doctor in a big hospital Dùng để diễn tả nguồn gốc, xuất xứ I come from Thai Nguyen city Dùng để diễn tả bình phẩm She is not only beautiful but also intelligent Dùng để diễn tả sở thích I love walking in the rain because it gives me a pleasure Công thức Động từ TO BE: Khẳng định: S+ AM/IS/ARE + (an/a/the) + N(s)/ Adj Phủ định: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + (an/a/the) + N(s)/ Adj Nghi vấn: AM/IS/ARE + S + (an/a/the) + N(s)/ Adj? Ví dụ: I am a student • She is not beautiful • Are you a student? – S = I + am • – S = He/ She/ It + is – S = I/ We/ You/ They + are Động từ TO DO – ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG (+): They clean the bedroom twice a day (-): They don't clean the bedroom twice a day (?): Do they clean the bedroom twice a day? - Câu khẳng định: S + V(s/es) + (O) – S = He/ She/ It + V s/es + I use internet every day + She often goes to school at o’ clock + He always swim in the evening – S = I/ We/ You/ They + V nguyên thể k chia + Mei usually goes to bed at 11 p.m + Every Sunday we go to see my grandparents - Câu phủ định: + S + not/don't + V + (O) + S + does not/doesn't + V + (O) – S = He/ She/ It + does not – S = I/ We/ You/ They + not - Câu nghi vấn: Yes/no question: Do/does + S + V + (O)? Yes, S do/does – No, S don’t/doesn’t Wh-question: + (Từ để hỏi +) Do/does + S + V + (O)? I don’t think so She does not like it He doesn't work in a shop don’t = not doesn’t = does not Do you play tennis? Yes, I / No, I don’t Where you come from? What you do? What does she do? Why don’t you study Enghlish ? + (Từ để hỏi +) Don't/doesn't + S + V + (O)? – S = does + He/ She/ It – S = + I/ We/ You/ They Cách chuyển động từ chủ ngữ ngơi thứ số ít: Quy tắc chung thêm –s vào sau động từ nguyên Work - works, sit – sits, stay - stays thể Các động từ có tận phụ âm + y: đổi y Cry – cries, hurry – hurries, reply - replies thành i thêm -es Các động từ tận – s, -z, -ch, -sh, –x: Miss – misses, buzz – buzzes, watch – watches, thêm –es vào động từ nguyên thể push – pushes, fix – fixes Ngoại lệ Have - has, go – goes, - does Dấu hiệu nhận biết đơn Always (luôn luôn), usually (thường xuyên), often (thường xuyên), frequently (thường xuyên), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng), seldom (hiếm khi), rarely (hiếm khi), hardly (hiếm khi), never (không bao giờ), generally (nhìn chung), regularly (thường xuyên) Every day, every week, every month, every year, (Mỗi ngày, tuần, tháng, năm) Once/twice/three times/four times a day/week/month/year, (một lần/hai lần/ba lần/ bốn lần ngày/tuần/tháng/năm) Exercise : Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets He (go) ……………… to school every day She (come) ……………….from Germany 3 My parents usually (go) ……………… to work by car We (watch)……………… TV every night He (walk)……………….to work every day He (be) ……………………in Ca Mau They (be) …………………….students She (wash) ……………… her clothes every Sunday She (study) ……………English every day 10 He (want) ……………….to become a teacher 11 She usually (walk) …………… to school 12 What time …….…Mary usually (get) ………… up every morning? 13 She (not wash) …………her clothes every weekend 14 they (be)………… teachers? 15 It (not be)…………………often cold in summer II Thì tiếp diễn - The present continuous tense Thì tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) dùng để diễn tả việc xảy lúc nói hay xung quanh thời điểm nói, hành động chưa chấm dứt (cịn tiếp tục diễn ra) Cách dùng 1/ Diễn tả hành động xảy Ex: Please don’t make so much noise I am thời điểm nói working Where’s Mary? – She’s having a bath 2/ Diễn tả tình tạm thời Ex: I’m living with some friends until I find a flat The telephone isn’t working this morning 3/ Diễn tả tình tiến triển, Ex: That child is getting bigger every day thay đổi (dù kéo dài) 4/ Diễn đạt ý tương lai: Ex1: A: You’re working hard today * Diễn tả việc xảy khoảng thời B: Yes, I have a lot to gian gần lúc nói (ví dụ như: hôm nay, tuần này, Ex2: Are you doing anything this afternoon? tối nay…) Ex1: A: What are you doing on Saturday * Diễn tả việc xếp để thực hiện, có evening? dự định trước (thường mang tính cá nhân) B: I am going to the theatre câu có phó từ thời gian kèm Ex2:We are leaving tomorrow 5/ Hiện tiếp diễn với động từ hy Ex: We are looking forward to seeing you vọng, mong đợi (dùng thay cho đơn I’m hoping to see you soon thư tín, lời mời) NOTE: Các động từ Love,Like, Dislike, Hate, Loathe(ghét), prefer (thích hơn)Believe , Detest (ghét cay ghét đắng), Fear(sợ), Respect, , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive(nhận thấy, nhận thức, lĩnh hội) ,Notice(chú ý) , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect (nhớ lại, nhớ ra) ,Consist( gồm có) , Contain(bao gồm,chứa đựng) , Concern(có liên quan) , Belong , have (có) Possess(sở hữu) , Own , Owe , Concern , Matter , Appear(có vẻ), Look (có vẻ), Feel (cảm thấy) Seem (dường như), Smell (có mùi), Taste (có vị), Sound (có vẻ), Mean (có nghĩa là), Signify (có nghĩa là), See (hiểu), Realize (nhận ra), Recognize (nhận thức), Hold (chứa đựng), Keep(tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), depend (phụ thuộc), suppose (giả sử), need, weigh (cân nặng) …… Không dùng tiếp diễn tiếp diễn khác Ex: - We have cars (Chỉ sở hữu) ( Khơng nói / viết: We are having cars ) Nhưng: We are having lunch (Chỉ việc ăn uống - Chúng ăn trưa) Một số động từ khơng có dạng Ving: Những động từ sau dùng đơn: Động từ trạng thái: be, cost, it, mean, suit: This book is very heavy His shirt costs $100 Động từ sở hữu (possession): belong, have Sam has a car The biggest house in the city belongs to Mr Nam Động từ tri giác (sense): feel, hear, smell, see, This cake tastes good touch, taste He feels the cold Động từ cảm xúc (feeling): hate, hope, like, prefer, regret, want, wish John hates novels Một số động từ khác: believe, think (nghĩ về), know, understand I believe you Công thức + Câu khẳng định (+): S + am/is/are + V-ing + Câu phủ định (-): S + am/is/are + (not)+ V-ing + Câu nghi vấn (?): Am/is/are + S + V-ing? – S = I + am She hopes to get a good job in Ha Noi She usually thinks of me (+): I am playing football with my friends (-): He is not playing football with his friends (?): Are you playing football with your friends? – S = He/ She/ It + is – S = We/ You/ They + are Ví dụ :TO WORK Phủ định Nghi vấn Khẳng định Nghi vấn phủ định I am working I am not working Am I working? Am I not working? He/she/it is working He/she/it is not working Is he/she/it working? Is he/she/it not working? We/you/they are working We are not working Are we working? Are we not working? ·Am I not working? , Are you not working? , Is he not working? thường tỉnh lược thành Aren't I working? ,Aren't you working? , Isn't he working? * Cách thêm “ing” sau động từ - Nếu động từ tận e đơn, phải bỏ come→coming,live→living e trước thêm ing Ngoại lệ: to age (già đi) → ageing , to dye Riêng tobe -being (nhuộm) → dyeing, to singe (cháy sém) →singeing - Nếu động từ có âm, tận phụ : run → running ( n phụ âm, trước n u âm trước ngun âm nhân đơi phụ âm trước thêm ing (nguyên âm bao gồm âm u, e, o, a, i Ta đọc uể oải cho dễ nhớ, phụ âm âm lại) Nếu động từ tận ie đổi thành y trước thêm ing nguyên âm) Ví dụ 2: sit → sitting Nhưng: meet→meeting( khơng gấp đơi t có NÂ e trước) lie → lying Ngoại lệ: tie → tieing tying, hie → hieing hying begin → beginning Nếu động từ có hai hai âm, tận phụ âm, trước nguyên âm nhấn âm cuối ta nhân đội phụ âm lên thêm ing Nếu động từ tận “l” mà trước travel → travelling nguyên âm ĐƠN ta nhân đơi “l” trước thêm ing Dấu hiệu nhận biết tiếp diễn Trong câu có trạng từ thời gian Trong câu có động từ như: Right now: Ngay Look! At the moment: Lúc Listen! At present: Hiện Keep silent! At + cụ thể (at 12 o'lock) Ví dụ: - Look! The train is coming Ví dụ: - Listen! Someone is crying Now my sister is going shopping with my mother - Keep silent! The baby is sleeping Exercise: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets He (watch)…………….TV right now At present they (sit)…………….in the class This year we (learn) ………………English Look! Peter (play)…………… football in the schoolyard Be quiet! The baby (sleep)………… Look! The man (smoke) …………….there She (write)…………….to her parents now My father (work)………… in the garden at the moment John (listen)…………to the radio now? 10 He (play)………… chess at the moment 11 The workers (work) …………… in the firm at the moment 12 Please be quiet! You always (make) …………so much noise so I can't concentrate 13 Tony (not have) ……… a bath at the moment 14 Listen! He (read) …………a story by Shakespeare 15 At present Richard (study)………………in London III Thì hồn thành - The present perfect tense Thì hồn thành dùng để diễn tả hành động hoàn thành thời điểm mà không bàn thời gian diễn nói Cách dùng Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ, kéo dài I have learned English for 10 years tới khả tiếp diễn We haven't seen Janine since Friday tương lại Với cách dùng này, sử How long have you been at this school? For 10 dụng 'since' 'for' biết việc kéo years/Since 2002 dài Diễn tả việc diễn gần đây, thường dùng từ 'just' 'already' hay 'yet' Diễn tả hành động xảy lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ để lại dấu hiệu hậu Diễn tả kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm, thường dùng 'ever' 'never' nói kinh nghiệm Công thức + Câu khẳng định (+): S + have/has + V(p2) + Câu phủ định (-): S + have/has + not + V(p2) + Câu nghi vấn (?): Have/Has + S + V(p2) – S = He/ She/ It + has – S = I/ We/ You/ They + have We've already talked about that She hasn't arrived yet I've just done my English test She has seen this film several times - The children are dirty Where have they been? The baby is crying Have you made fun of him? This is the first time I have ever eaten that kind of food I've never met Jim and Sally We've never considered investing in Mexico (+): My mother has worked as a teacher of English for 10 years (-): My mother has not worked/ hasn't worked as a teacher of English for 10 years (?): Has your mother worked as a teacher of English for 10 years? haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not Dấu hiệu nhận biết hồn thành - never: chưa bao giờ, dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2 - ever: có bao giờ, từng, dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2 - just: vừa mới, dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2 - already: rồi, dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2 - how long: - before: trước đây, đứng cuối câu - recently, lately, so far: gần , thường đứng cuối câu - yet: chưa(dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi) - in the past (ten) years: (mười) năm qua - in the last (years): (năm) gần - so far, up to now, up to the present: - this is the first time / the second time: lần đầu / lần thứ hai Up to now, I have studied Chinese for years - Once, twice, three times: Dùng với từ số lần - many times, several times: nhiều lần John has visited Great Walk twice - Dùng với Since For Since+ mốc thời gian VD: I have learnt English since 2000 For+ khoảng thời gian VD: They have built this house for 20 years Ex: Have you seen any good films recently? Up to the present, he has written five children books Have you done your homework yet? He has never told a lie I have ever been to Europe We have already had our breakfast Exercise: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets Tom (see) …………….this film before I already (finish) …………….my exercise How long they (live) ……………here? They (live) ………… here since 1990 My father (just wash) ………………his car The students (discuss) ……………… the question recently Mary (never, be) …………………to Hanoi We (know)…………… each other for years So far we (learn) ……………….five lessons We (be) …………….pen pals for a long time 10 They (not stay) ………………here since last week 11 Bob (see)………………this movie before 12 Sandra (lend) ……………….her brother $ 200 so far 13 Rashid (just pass) …………… his driving test 14 Karen (study) ……………… Italian for three years now and is still studying 15 The teacher (already, tell)…………… to be quiet IV Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn -The present perfect continuous tens Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn Cách dùng nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hành động xảy khứ tiếp tục tới (có thể tới tương lai) Cách sử dụng hồn thành tiếp diễn: Hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp She has been waiting for you all day tục (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) She has been working here since 2010 Hành động kết thúc khứ, It has been raining I am very tired now because quan tâm tới kết tới I have been working hard for 12 hours Công thức Câu khẳng định: S + have/ has + been + V-ing It has been raining for week She has been • S = I/ We/ You/ They + have living here for one year • S = He/ She/ It + has Câu phủ định: S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V- I haven’t been studying English for years ing She hasn’t been watching films since last year • haven’t = have not • hasn’t = has not Câu nghi vấn: Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing ? Have you been standing in the rain for more CHÚ Ý: - Yes, I/ we/ you/ they + have than hours? - Yes, he/ she/ it + has Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t - No, I/ we/ you/ they + haven’t Has he been typingthe report since this - No, he/ she/ it + hasn’t morning? Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t Dấu hiệu nhận biết hồn thành tiếp diễn Từ nhận biết: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far Since + mốc thời gian Ví dụ: She has been working since the early morning For + khoảng thời gian Ví dụ: They have been listening to the radio for hours All + thời gian (all the morning, all the afternoon, all day, ) Ví dụ: They have been working in the field all the morning Phân biệt hồn thành hồn thành tiếp diễn HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết hành động Ex: I have read this book three times Được sử dụng số công thức sau: - I have studied English since I was years old - He has played squash for years - I have been to London twice - I have never seen her before - She has just finished her project - She has already had breakfast - He has not met her recently Signal Words: Ever, never, just, already, recently, since, for Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime Được sử dụng số công thức sau: - I have been running all afternoon - She has been hoping to meet him all day long - I am so tired I have been searching for a new apartment all morning - How long have you been playing the piano? - She has been teaching here for about 12 years Signal Words: All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long Exercise: Chia dạng động từ ngoặc hoàn thành hoàn thành tiếp diễn 10 I …………(try) to learn English for years, but I………… (not succeed) yet Mary is ill because she …………… (work) in the garden all day She ……… (work) so hard this week that she………… (not have) time to go to the movies That book…………….(lie) on the table for weeks You …………….(read) it yet? He ………… (not be) here since Christmas I wonder where he ………….live) since then Jack …………(go) to Paris for a holiday He never ……………(be) there You………….(sleep) so far? I …………(ring) the bell for the last twenty minutes He ………….(write) a novel for two years, but he ………….(not finish) it yet Mary …………(lose) her hat and she …………(look) for it until now She (sleep)………….for 10 hours! You must wake her VERB TENSE REVISION Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets My clothes are not in the room They (just take) ………………them away This is the most beautiful place I (ever visit) …………… We are very tired We (walk) ………….for three hours I ………… (see) that film several times because I like it Up to now, the teacher (give) ………… our class tests 6 Please be quiet! I (work) ……………… Mary (come)……………from London Sometimes I (get) ……… up before the sun (rise) She (ask) ……… me to tell about him several times 10 Mr Jackson (paint)…………… his house since last month 11 How long you (wait) ………… for me? - Just a few minutes 12 He often (say)…………… OK when he (talk) ……………with the guests 13 Tom (not come) …………here tomorrow 14 Listen! The bird (sing) ……………… 15 Someone (cut) ……………down all the trees in the garden 16 Some animals (not eat) …………….during winter 17 Hurry up! The train (come) …………… 18 Where are you now? - I'm upstairs I (have) ………… a bath 19 How long you (study) ……… in this school? 20 We (not see)………… them for a long time Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets You (receive) ………… any letters from your parents yet? How long Bob and Mary (be) ……………married? My father (not smoke) ………… for years Birds (build) their nests in the summer and (fly)…….…….to the south in winter I'm busy at the moment I (redecorate)………… … the sitting room I always (buy) …………….… lottery tickets but I never (win)……………… anything I (work) ……… for him for 10 years and he never once (say) …………"good morning" to me Mr Jone (be)………….principal of our school since last year Violets (bloom)………… in Spring 10 We (not live) ………… in England for years now 11 They (prepare) ………… the Christmas dinner at the moment 12 George (work) …………… at the university so far 13 She (learn) ……………German for two years 14 Look! That man (try)………….to open the door of your car 15 Listen! They (learn)………… a new song 16 David (repair) ………….the TV set at the moment He (work) …………at it for one hour 17 I ………… ……can't go with you because I (not finish) ………………my homework yet 18 John (wash) ………… his hands now He just (repair) ……………the bike 19 I (work)………….….at my report since Monday Now I (write)…………the conclusion 20 The earth (circle)……… the sun once every 365 days 21 How many times ……… you (see) ………….him since he went to Edinburgh? 22 Look! The boy (cry) ………… 23 Mary (lose)…………… her hat for days 24 He (not finish)……………doing it yet 25 She (not see)………… him since Christmas Exercise 3: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets There is no more cheese I (eat)…………… it all, I’m afraid The bill isn’t right They (make)………… a mistake Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start) It’ll soon get warm in here I (turn)……… the heating on ………They (pay)…… money for your mother? Someone (take)……………… my bicycle Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)…………… my dinner ………You ever (eat)………… Sushi? She (not/come)…………… here for a long time I (work………… ) here for three years ………… You ever ………… (be) to New York? You (not/do) ………….yor project yet, I suppose I just (see)……… Andrew and he says he …… already (do)……… about half of the plan I ……… just (decide)……… to start working next week He (be)………… at his computer for seven hours She (not/have) ……………any fun a long time My father (not/ play)……… any sport since last year I’d better have a shower I (not/have)……… one since Thursday I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)………… each other for five years I…… just (realize)………… that there are only four weeks to the end of term The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock How long…… (you/know)……… each other? ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs? (She/ eat)……………… at the Royal Hotel yet? He (live) ………….here all his life Is this the second time he (lose)…………… his job? How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……… six I (buy)………… a new carpet Come and look at it She (write)………… three poems about her fatherland We (finish) ……………………three English courses Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1.Where _you(live) ? -I (live) in Xuan Hoa town 2.What _he (do) now? -He (water) _flowers in his garden 3.What _she (do) _? -She(be) a teacher Now Mr Long (design ) his dream house 5.Where _you (be) from? At the moment , my sisters (play) _volleyball and my brother (play) _soccer It is 9.00, my family(watch) tv 8.In the summer, I usually (go) to park with my friends and in the spring , we (have ) _ _Tet Holiday, I (be) happy because I always (visit) my granparents 9. _your father (go) _to work by bus ? 10.How _your sister (go) _to school? 11.What time _they (get up) _? 12.What they (do) in the winter? 13.Today,we (have) English 14.Her favourite subject (be) English 15.Now, my brother (eat) _a banana 16.Look! Aman (call) _you 17.Keep silent ! I (listen ) to radio 18. _you (play) _badminton now? 19.Everyday,my father (get up) _at 5.00 a.m but today ,he (get up) at 6.00a.m 20.Every morning , I (watch) _TV at 10.00 but today , I (Listen ) to music at 10.00 21.Everyday , I(go) to school by bike but today I go to school by motorbike 22.Every morning, my father (have) a cup of coffe but today he (drink) milk 23 At the moment, I(read) a book and my brother (watch) _ TV 24.Hoa (live) _in Hanoi , Ha (live) in HCM City 25.Hung and his friend (play) _badminton 26.They usually (get up) _at 6.oo in the morning 27.Ha never(go) _fishing in the winter but she always (do) _.it in the summer 28.My teacher (tell) Hoa about Math 29.There(be) .animals in the circus 30. _he (watch) tv at 7.00 everymorninG? 32.What _she (do ) _at 7.00 A.m? 33.How old _she(be)? 34.How _she (be)? 35.My children (Go) to school by bike 36.We (go) _ to supermarket to (buy) _some food 37.Mr.Hung (go) _to Hanoi every month 38.Ha (like) coffee, but I (not like) it 39.She (like ) _Tea,but she (not like) coffee 40.I (love) _ catbut I (not love) dog 41.Everyday ,I (go) to school on foot , but today I (go) _to school by bike 42.Who you _(wait) for,Vien? -I (wait)for Mr.Hung 43.My sister (get) .dressed and (brush) _her teeth at 6.30 everyday 44.Mrs.Huong (not live) _in town She (live) in a house in the country 44 It’s o’clock in the morning Lien (be) in her room She (listen) to music 45 We (play) soccer in the yard now 46 My father (go) _ to work by bike Sometimes he(walk) 47 Mr Quang (live) in the countryside He (have) _a big garden 48 Now I (do) the cooking while Hoa (listen) _to music 49 At the moment, Nam and his friends (go) _shopping at the mall 50 In the autumn, I rarely (go) sailing and (go) to school 51 I (write) _ a letter to my friend no 52 At 12 a.m every day, I (have) _lunch and (go) _to bed 53 On Monday, I (have) math and Art 54 On Friday, I (have) English 55 At the moment, I (eat) _an orange, and My sisters (Play) _ Tennis 56 He (like) _APPLES, but he (not like ) _bananas 57 What time _your children (go) to school? 58 He (live) in HCM City 59 What time _your brother usually (get) _up? 60 My house (be) _in the city and it (be) _small ... quiet IV Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn -The present perfect continuous tens Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn Cách dùng nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hành động xảy khứ tiếp tục tới (có thể tới tương lai) Cách sử... have been working in the field all the morning Phân biệt hồn thành hồn thành tiếp diễn HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết hành động Ex: I have read this book... Thì tiếp diễn - The present continuous tense Thì tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) dùng để diễn tả việc xảy lúc nói hay xung quanh thời điểm nói, hành động chưa chấm dứt (cịn tiếp tục diễn ra) Cách