Test bank for criminal investigation justice series 2nd edition by lyman

Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank Chapter Foundations of Criminal Investigation 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Thief catchers were hired during the crime wave in England during the 18th and 19th centuries and were identified as A) hirelings B) social climbers C) rent a cops D) both A and B Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 2) The Bow Street Runners were established by A) Sir Robert Peel B) Henry Fielding C) Frances Smith D) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 3) Englandʹs first paid, full-time police force, the London Metropolitan Police Department, was named after A) Sir Robert Peel B) Henry Fielding C) Frances Smith D) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 4) Which of the following U.S city established the first professional police force? A) Boston B) New York C) Philadelphia D) Washington, D.C E) None of the above Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file5)atThehttps://TestbankDirect.eu/ first criminal investigation agency in the U.S was the A) William J Burns Detective Agency B) Pinkerton National Detective Agency C) United States Investigative Agency D) Private Eye Investigative Agency Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 6) Thomas Byrnes, the chief detective of New York City, at 9:00 a.m marched all of the criminals who had been arrested the previous 24 hours before his detectives This became known as the A) Parade of Criminals B) Byrnesʹ Parade of Offenders C) Mulberry Street Morning Parade D) 12th Precinct Parade Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 7) The single most significant development in criminal investigation in the United States was the establishment of the in 1924 A) Secret Service B) Border Patrol C) DEA D) FBI Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 8) The FBIʹs early contributions included A) the National Academy B) a crime laboratory that was available to state and local police C) the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) D) all of the above Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 9) August Vollmerʹs contribution to policing included all but which of the following? A) Worldʹs first police school B) First police chief to require officers to get a college degree C) Hiring the first African-American and female officer D) Inventing the intoxilyzer Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file10)atTohttps://TestbankDirect.eu/ date, all crime scenes are searched based on Edmund Locardʹs principle which states: A) Whenever a perpetrator comes into contact with the scene they either leave or take something away B) Always secure the crime scene before anything is touched C) There is always evidence at a crime scene D) Both B and C Answer: A Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 11) The Bertillon system, also known as anthropometry, was based on A) the belief that no two humans had the same fingerprints B) the idea that certain aspects of the human body remained the same after a person reached a full physical maturity C) that no two humans shared the same DNA D) all of the above Answer: B Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 12) is concerned with determining the cause of death by examination of a corpse A) Forensic serology B) Forensic oncology C) Forensic entomology D) Forensic pathology Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic 13) Which of the following is NOT a manner of death? A) Accidental B) Natural C) Undetermined D) Drowning Answer: C Page Ref: Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic 14) Which of the following is a responsibility of a pathologist? A) Examine and document wounds and injuries B) Collect and examine tissue specimens under the microscope C) Serve as an expert witnesses in civil or criminal cases D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file15)atIn https://TestbankDirect.eu/ the late 1970s, the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice awarded a grant to the RAND Corporation to undertake a nationwide study of criminal investigations by police agencies in major U.S cities Which of the statements below identify a major recommendation of this study? A) Less serious crimes, such as drug violations, gambling, and prostitution, are major causes of serious crimes such as murder, rape, and robbery B) Patrol officers should be afforded greater responsibilities in conducting preliminary investigations, providing greater case-screening capabilities for investigators while eliminating redundancy C) There should be less emphasis on increased forensic resources for processing latent fingerprints and more emphasis on intelligence gathering D) Crimes that require special investigative abilities should be handled by patrol officers and thus agencies should eliminate specialized investigators Answer: B Page Ref: 14 Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 16) Which of the following statements is a major recommendation that arose from the PERF study? A) Since physical evidence is seldom used in identifying suspects, less emphasis should be placed on gathering such evidence B) Police departments should develop policies and guidelines encouraging the use of evidence technicians in routine cases such as burglary and robbery even when there has been no physical injury to victims C) Greater emphasis should be placed on the collection and use of physical evidence because it can be effective in corroborating other evidence of suspect identification D) Police officers should limit time locating witnesses through the use of a neighborhood canvass since this effort is highly ineffective and thus wastes critical time required to solve cases Answer: C Page Ref: 15 Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic 17) Because of the changing nature of criminal activity and the role of the investigator, the objectives of a criminal investigation may be more complex than people imagine Which of the following are objectives of criminal investigations? A) Locate and identify a suspect for every crime and obtain a 100% conviction rate B) Convict all suspects and recover stolen property C) Recover stolen property and prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution D) Conduct searches and obtain convictions in all cases regardless of guilt Answer: C Page Ref: 12 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 18) is reasoning that takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we donʹt know A) Inductive reasoning B) Deductive reasoning C) Intuitive reasoning D) Logical reasoning Answer: A Page Ref: 12 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file19)at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ addresses crimes that have already occurred, such as murder, robbery and burglary A) Reactive response B) Proactive response C) Preventative response D) Aggressive response Answer: A Page Ref: 15 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 20) deterrence is achieved by arresting the criminal and by aggressive prosecution A) Reactive response B) Proactive response C) Preventative response D) Aggressive response Answer: C Page Ref: 15 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 21) is where the investigation is conducted before the crime is committed and the suspect identified before they commit the crime A) Reactive response B) Proactive response C) Preventative response D) Aggressive response Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 22) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the changing role of the patrol officer as an investigator? A) The cases are handled completely and expeditiously B) The frequency of morale problems among patrol officers has decreased C) There is no longer a need for full-time investigators D) There is better management of the entire investigative effort by the police administrator Answer: C Page Ref: 17 Objective: Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as a criminal investigator Level: Basic 23) Primary solvability factor(s) include A) immediate availability of witnesses B) discovery of useful physical evidence C) information about significant physical evidence D) all of the above Answer: D Page Ref: 17 Objective: Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 24) What is NOT one of the objectives in the preliminary investigation? A) Determine what happened B) Determine what further investigative steps would be taken C) Record what has been done, what has been learned, and what is left to be done D) Prepare case jacket for the prosecutor Answer: D Page Ref: 18 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 25) Unless the patrol officer is able to make an immediate, on -scene arrest, 12 essential questions need direct answers to determine the solvability of the case Based on the following facts, use the solvability factors identified in the text to answer the solvability question in this case: A 32-year-old woman was physically assaulted by her live-in boyfriend He used a lamp to strike the woman in the back of the head while she was attempting to escape his grasp during an argument The man left the scene prior to police arriving A) Because there are no other witnesses, this case is not easily solvable It is a ʺhe -said, she-saidʺ situation Refer the woman to the domestic abuse shelter for counseling and services and close the case B) The man has left the scene and his current whereabouts are unknown Because of this, the case is not easily solvable Keep the case open but suspend active investigation duties Refer the woman to the domestic abuse shelter for counseling and services C) This case is highly solvable Collect statements and evidence, obtain an arrest warrant, document the scene and refer the woman to the domestic abuse shelter for counseling and services D) There is not enough information given in the scenario to determine the solvability of the case Answer: C Page Ref: 17 Objective: Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 26) A police officer is dispatched to a robbery in progress When the officer arrives at the scene, he observes the suspect fleeing on foot The officer also observes a man lying on the ground with a severely bleeding wound near his neck saying, ʺHelp me! Iʹve been stabbed!ʺ What is the FIRST duty of police officer at the scene of this crime? A) The officer should pursue the suspect because of the ʺgreater dangerʹ principle B) The officer should call for an ambulance first, and then pursue the suspect because of the ʺgreater dangerʹ principle C) The officer should determine if the injuries are immediately life-threatening and if not, the officer should pursue the suspect while calling for an ambulance D) The officer should administer first aid immediately then obtain medical assistance for the injured victim Answer: D Page Ref: 19 Objective: Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as a criminal investigator Level: Intermediate 1.2 True/False Questions 1) Thief catchers recruited from the riffraff of the streets to aid law enforcement officials in locating criminals Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file2)atOne https://TestbankDirect.eu/ of the first professional police forces were established in Dallas, Texas in 1822 Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 3) Edgar Hoover became head of the FBI in 1924 Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 4) The Harrison Act of 1914 made the distribution of non -medical drugs a federal crime Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 5) August Vollmer is one of the most important figures in the historic evolution of professional policing Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 6) Dactylography is the study of fingerprints Answer: TRUE Page Ref: Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic 7) The manner of death can never be listed as undetermined A determination always should be stated Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 8) The focus of the RAND study was the investigation of ʺindexʺ offenses: those serious crimes such as murder, robbery and rape Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic 9) A police force that adopts the recommendations of the PERF study would direct officers to make greater efforts to canvass the neighborhood in locating witnesses to a crime Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full fileexample at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 10) An of strong inductive reasoning would be, ʺI always hang pictures on nails; therefore, all pictures hang from nails.ʺ Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 13 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Intermediate 11) A reactive response addresses crimes that have already occurred, such as murder and robbery Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 15 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 12) The patrol officer has the authority to initiate and complete investigation of certain classifications of crime, such as all misdemeanors Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 16 Objective: Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as a criminal investigator Level: Basic 13) Investigators looks to see if the same method of operation was used in other crimes, therefore, possibly linking them as signature crimes Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 17 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 14) The first goal of the responding officer to a crime is to secure the scene Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 18 Objective: Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as a criminal investigator Level: Basic 15) If possible, the victim of a crime should be the first person interviewed Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 19 Objective: Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation Level: Basic 1.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Allan Pinkerton was the first in criminal investigations to devise a , which was a compilation of descriptions, methods of operation, hiding places, and names of associates of known criminals Answer: roguesʹ gallery Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 2) Two classes of thief catchers, early law enforcement, in England were identified: (1), whose motivations were mercenary in nature; and (2) , who would implicate their accomplices in order to move up the social ladder Answer: hirelings, social climbers Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file3)atProbably https://TestbankDirect.eu/ the single most significant development in criminal investigation in the United States was the establishment of the in Answer: FBI, 1924 Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 4) The society generation believed that government intervention was necessary to produce justice in an industrial Answer: Progressive Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 5) In 1967, the from all 50 states was made operational by the FBI, providing data on wanted persons and property stolen Answer: National Crime Information Center (NCIC) Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 6) , a former Chief of Police in Berkeley, California, is one of the most important figures in the historic evolution of professional policing due to his numerous contributions to the field Answer: August Vollmer Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 7) The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was written in 1893 by Answer: Hans Gross Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 8) , known for the principle bearing his name, is also recognized as the father of , the study of pores, and for advocating that if there were 12 points of agreement between two compared fingerprints the identity was certain Answer: Edmond Locard, poreoscopy Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 9) is the study of fingerprints Answer: Dactylography Page Ref: Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file10)at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ pathology is a branch of pathology concerned with determining the cause of death by examination of a corpse Answer: Forensic Page Ref: Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Basic 11) The refers to the circumstances surrounding the cause of death Answer: ʺmanner of deathʺ Page Ref: Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 12) reasoning is reasoning based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offense Answer: Deductive Page Ref: 13 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Intermediate 13) The can be described as a specialized investigative unit that supports the crime scene investigation by identifying, documenting and preserving evidence Answer: crime-scene unit (CSU) Page Ref: 15 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Basic 14) A reporting format that logically guides the identification leads that experience and research have demonstrated are most likely to result in case solution is also known as Answer: solvability factors Page Ref: 17 Objective: Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 15) The investigation is the responsibility of the first officer at the crime scene Answer: preliminary Page Ref: 18 Objective: Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as a criminal investigator Level: Basic 16) was a term for the English police used in reference to Robert Peel and was a term of respect and appreciation Answer: Bobbies Page Ref: Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Basic 17) The criminal investigator must use thinking with known scientific methods in their investigations Answer: critical Page Ref: 13 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 18) Critical thinking deliberately evaluates the of thinking Answer: quality Page Ref: 13 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Intermediate 19) hypotheses method involves collecting data through observation and experimentation and forming and testing Answer: Scientific Page Ref: 14 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 20) The premise behind criminal investigation is that people make while committing crimes Answer: mistakes Page Ref: Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 1.4 Matching Questions Locate the correct matches from Column to Column Reactive response Proactive response Preventive response Solvability factors 5.Bobbies 6.Thief catchers 7.Old Charley’s 8.Bow Street Runners a First police to work at night b guide investigation to case resolution c Henry Fielding’s crime fighters d crime investigation prior to it happening e Names after Sir Robert Peel f prevention through deterrence g Aided law enforcement in locating criminals h Crimes have already occurred h d f b e g a c 1.5 Essay Questions 1) Discuss the crime-scene technicianʹs role and responsibilities in investigating the crime scene Answer: Answers should include: the crime-scene technician is the person trained to respond to the scene of a crime and identify, collect, and preserve evidence The discussion should include references to the myths surrounding television shows such as CSI and the ʺCSI effect.ʺ Page Ref: 15 Objective: Discuss the objectives of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file atand https://TestbankDirect.eu/ 2) Describe explain characteristics that best define a professional criminal investigator according to the National Institute of Justice study Answer: Answers should include the characteristics described by the NIJ study Page Ref: 16 Objective: Identify how research affects criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 3) Why is the creation of the FBI considered one of the most significant developments in the history of law enforcement in America? Answer: Answers should include a description of the evolving need for a federal level enforcement agency and its development towards that need Page Ref: 5-6 Objective: Explain the history of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 4) Explain and describe what solvability factors associated with a criminal investigation involves and their importance Answer: Solvability factors are identification leads that have proven to be valuable and are most likely to result in case solution Examples include availability of witnesses, information about the suspect, significant physical evidence, and judgment by the patrol officer that there is enough information to continue an investigation Page Ref: 17 Objective: Discuss the solvability factors in a criminal investigation Level: Intermediate 5) Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning How is the skill of critical thinking linked to this analysis? Answer: After an initial evaluation of evidence in a case, the criminal investigator draws conclusions through a process of reasoning This process is typically achieved through inductive or deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning is sometimes called inductive logic; it is reasoning that takes us beyond what we know (our current evidence or information) to conclusions about what we donʹt know Deductive reasoning is reasoning based on specific pieces of evidence to establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offense Page Ref: 13 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Difficult 1.6 Critical Thinking Questions 1) What would be the most preferred method of reasoning for most criminal investigations deductive? Why? Give an example to illustrate inductive or Answer: Answers will vary, but should include a description of each method Page Ref: 12-13 Objective: Distinguish the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning Level: Difficult 2) Should all patrol officers, as a matter of academy training, be cross -trained as crime-scene technicians? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary, but should include a discussion of the skills involved with patrol and crime -scene processing Page Ref: 18 Objective: Explain the expanding role of the patrol officer as a criminal investigator Level: Difficult Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ .. .Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice. .. of criminal investigation Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file10)atTohttps://TestbankDirect.eu/... in a criminal investigation Level: Intermediate Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/ Test Bank for Criminal Investigation Justice Series 2nd Edition by Lyman Full file at https://TestbankDirect.eu/