Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Family Revolution Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Family Revolution m a r ital st r ife in t empor a ry chi n ese li t e r at u r e a n d v isua l cult u r e Hui Faye Xiao u n i v e r s i t y o f wa s h i n g t o n p r e s s Seattle and London Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com this book is made possible by a collaborative grant from the andrew w mellon foundation This book was also supported by a Book Publication Award from the Friends of the Hall Center for the Humanities at the University of Kansas © 2014 by the University of Washington Press 18 17 16 15 14 54321 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher University of Washington Press PO Box 50096, Seattle, WA 98145, USA www.washington.edu/uwpress Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Xiao, Hui Faye Family Revolution : Marital Strife in Contemporary Chinese Literature and Visual Culture / Hui Faye Xiao pages cm — (Modern Language Initiative) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-295-99349-2 (hardback : acid-free paper) ISBN 978-0-295-99350-8 (paperback : acid-free paper) Chinese literature—History and criticism Families in literature Marital conflict—China Marriage in literature Family life—China I Title PL2275.F34X53 2014 895.109’3355—dc23 2013043530 The paper used in this publication is acid-free and meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984.∞ www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com For my family on both sides of the Pacific Ocean Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com ten ts Preface ix Introduction: Family Revolution, Divorce Representations Divorcing the Rural: Miss Science and Marital Crisis in the Reform Era 27 Midlife Crisis and Misogynist Rhetoric: Male Intellectuals’ Divorce Narratives 52 Utopia or Dystopia?: The Sisterhood of Divorced Women 85 What Quality Do Chinese Wives Lack? Performing Middle-Classness in Chinese-Style Divorce 116 Seeking Second Chances in a Risk Society: The Cinema of Divorce in the New Millennium 140 A New Divorce Culture: Rupture and Reconstruction 177 Appendix 1: Television Dramas about Divorce, 1990–2010 185 Appendix 2: Feature Films about Divorce, 2000–2010 189 Notes 191 Bibliography 211 241 Index Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com p r e fac e It has been ten years since I first conceived of this project In 2004, I went back to China on a research trip and came across the megahit TV serial Chinese Style Divorce Everyone I knew in China was watching it and talking about it Like many melodramas about marital strife, the serial revolves around a middle-aged woman’s desperate effort in improving her wifely quality to protect her middle-class marriage This viewing experience stirred mixed feelings in my heart— shock, indignation, and intellectual curiosity—and motivated me to explore the ways in which the pervasive rhetoric of individual selfdevelopment contributes to the reconfiguration of gender subject and domestic space in contemporary Chinese society In the following decade, I have been guided, assisted, and cheered by numerous people along the way, who have made the completion and publication of this book possible First of all, I cannot thank enough Gary G Xu, my graduate advisor who was always patient and supportive, encouraging me to carry through this long-term research project Gary and his wife Chia-wen often invited international students to their place Their hospitality created many unforgettable moments of familial warmth for us who were far away from our homelands I am also greatly indebted to Keith McMahon, my mentor at the University of Kansas (KU) He sets me a perfect role model as a productive writer, great scholar, and charismatic teacher Despite his tight schedule, Keith has provided me with timely guidance and help in many difficult situations Vickie Doll, the Chinese librarian at KU, is the most efficient person on campus who always gets me new research materials at unbelievable speed Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 233 http://english.people.com.cn/90882/8134709.html (accessed September 2, 2013) Wang Ying and Di Fang “1.61 Million Couples Break Up in 2004.” China Daily (March 2, 2005): Wang, Zheng Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999 Wang Zunsan “Feng Junying lihun” [Feng Junying gets a divorce] In Feng Junying lihun [Feng Junying gets a divorce], 1–9 Beijing: Baowentang shudian, 1952 Watson, Burton The Selected Poems of Du Fu New York: Columbia University Press, 2002 Watson, Rubie S., and Patricia Buckley Ebrey, eds Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991 Weitzman, Lenore J The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America New York and London: The Free Press, 1985 Wen Yong and Quan Fu Nijing · lizhi · chengcai [Adversities · resolution · success] Chengdu: Sichuan renmin chubanshe, 1984 White, Jerry “The Films of Ning Ying: China Unfolding in Miniature.” Cineaction 42.1 (1997): 2–9 Widmer, Ellen, and Kang-I Sun Chang, eds Writing Women in Late Imperial China Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997 Williams, Raymond The Country and the City New York: Oxford University Press, 1973 ——— “Structures of Feeling.” In Marxism and Literature, 128–35 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977 Wolf, Margery Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary China Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985 Wong, Linda “Family Reform through Divorce Law in the PRC.” UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal 1.2 (Fall 1982): 265–84 Wu Deqing Dangdai zhongguo lihun xianzhuang ji fazhan qushi [The patterns and trends of divorce in contemporary China] Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 1999 Wu, Guo “Subversion of the Feminist Myth in Chinese Film and Its Dilemma.” Asian Cinema 16.1 (2005): 325–33 Wu Ruozeng Dangdai wenxue fenlei ABC [Contemporary literature categorization ABC] In Wu Ruozeng zawen suibi zixuanji [A self-selection of Wu Ruozeng’s essays], 193–99 Beijing: Qunyan chubanshe, 1994 ——— “Funü jiefang zhi qianti dang wei nanren zhi jiefang” [The precondition of women’s liberation must be men’s liberation] In Wu Ruozeng Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 234 zawen suibi zixuanji [A self-selection of Wu Ruozeng’s essays], 175–78 Beijing: Qunyan chubanshe, 1994 ——— Liyi: Yige dangdai zhongguo nanren de neixin dubai [Divorce: An interior monologue of a contemporary Chinese man] Shiyue [ October] 48 (1986:6): 158–268 ——— “Nanzihan—nanren de lixiang” (Real man—man’s ideal) In Wu Ruozeng zawen suibi zixuanji [A self-selection of Wu Ruozeng’s essays], 127–33 Beijing: Qunyan chubanshe, 1994 ——— “Zai nanyi xiaohua de lishi yu xianshi mianqian zhi dubai” [A monologue in the face of indigestible history and reality] In Wu Ruozeng zawen suibi zixuanji [A self-selection of Wu Ruozeng’s essays], 25–29 Beijing: Qunyan chubanshe, 1994 Wu Xin “Zhenshi de miaoxie, dadan de tansuo” [Realistic depiction, brave exploration] In Gui cheng [Ghost city], 50–53 Shanghai: Shidai wenyi, 2000 Originally published in Xinhua ribao [Xinhua daily], September 3, 1980 Wu Xueshan “Suzao hunyin” [Forging marriage] Translated by Hui Xiao Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 7.3 (2006): 502–10 Xia Yinlan “Zhongguo shi lihun zui ziyou de guojia” [China is the freest country in terms of divorce] Xiaokang [Well-being], July 7, 2009 http:// news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2009–07–07/140718171866_4.shtml (accessed May 27, 2010) Xia Zhongyi “Cong Xianglin sao, Shafei nüshi dao ‘Fangzhou’” [From Xianglin’s wife and Miss Sophie to “The Ark”] Dangdai wenyi sichao [Trends in contemporary literature and art] (1983:5): 58–63 Xiao, Hui Faye “Interiorized Feminism and Gendered Nostalgia of the ‘Daughter-Generation’ in Ning Ying’s Perpetual Motion.” Journal of Chinese Cinemas 5.3 (2011): 253–68 Xiao Yemu “Women fufu zhijian” [Between the two of us] Renmin wenxue [People’s literature] (1950: 1): 37–45 Xie Bingying A Woman Soldier’s Own Story: The Autobiography of Xie Bingying Translated by Lily Chia Brissman and Barry Brissman New York: Columbia University Press, 2001 Xinhuanet “Dianji 2004 Zhongguo ‘reci’ zheshe Zhongguo zhengzhi, shehui bianqian” [Clicking 2004 Chinese “hot words” reflecting political and social transformations of China] http://news.xinhuanet.com/ newscenter/2004–12/28/content_2388092.htm (accessed April 20, 2009) Xu Anqi “Lihun yu nüxing diwei ji quanyi zhi tantao” [A study of divorce and women’s status and rights] Zhejiang xuekan [Zhejiang academic journal] (2007:1): 198–206 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 235 Xu Chi “Dizhi zhi guang” [The light of geology] Renmin wenxue [People’s literature] (1977:10): 4–15 ——— “Gedebahe Caixiang” [Goldbach’s Conjecture] Renmin wenxue [People’s literature] (1978:1): 53–68 Xu Dancheng “‘Xiaojie nizao’ zhong de xingbie yishi” [Gender consciousness in “Good Morning, Miss”] Wenyi lilun yu piping [Literary theories and criticism] (2003: 6): 121–25 Xu Dishan (Luo Huasheng) “Chuntao.” In Chuntao, 1–36 Shanghai: Shenghuo shudian, 1935 Xu, Gary, and Susan Feiner “Meinü Jingji/China’s Beauty Economy: Buying Looks, Shifting Value, and Changing Place.” Feminist Economics 13.3–4 (2007): 307–23 Xu Mingyu “Diaodong” [Transfer] In Zhengming zuopin xuanbian [A selection of controversial works], vol 1, 325–97 Beijing: Beijing wenlian yanjiubu, neibu ziliao, 1981 Yan, Haiping Chinese Women Writers and the Feminist Imagination, 1905–1948 New York: Routledge, 2006 Yan, Hairong New Masters, New Servants: Migration, Development, and Women Workers in China Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008 Yan, Yunxiang The Individualization of Chinese Society Oxford and New York: Berg, 2009 ——— Private Life under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949–1999 Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003 Yang Gang “Fragment from a Lost Diary.” In Writing Women in Modern China: The Revolutionary Years, 1936–1976, edited by Amy D Dooling, 37–49 New York: Columbia University Press, 2005 Yang, Gladys “Zhang Jie, a Controversial, Mainstream Writer.” In The Time Is Not Yet Ripe—Contemporary China’s Best Writers and Their Stories, edited by Ying Bian, 253–59 Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1991 Yang Mo Qingchun zhi ge [Song of youth] Hong Kong: Sanlian shudian, 1959 Yang, Suying “Gender Construction in the Novels of Zhang Kangkang and Liang Xiaosheng.” In Gender, Discourse and the Self in Literature: Issues in Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, edited by Kwok-kan Tam and Terry Siu-han Yip, 109–24 Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2010 Ye Junjian “Xu” [Preface] In Xiandai xiaoshuo jiqiao chutan [A preliminary study of modernist fiction techniques], Gao Xingjian, 1–7 Guangzhou: Huacheng chubanshe, 1981 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 236 Ye Yonglie Xiao lingtong manyou weilai [The adventures of Little Talent in the future] Beijing: Shaonian ertong chubanshe, 1978 Ye Xin Niezhai [The wages of sin] Nanjing: Jiangsu wenyi chubanshe, 1992 Ye Zhaoyan “Ma Wen de zhanzheng” [Ma Wen’s battle] In Ma Wen de zhanzheng [Ma Wen’s battle], 59–112 Beijing: Beijing shiyue wenyi chubanshe, 2009 Yeh, Wen-hsin “The Paradox of Autonomy: Nation, Revolution, and Women through the Chinese Looking Glass.” In Women in China: The Republican Period in Historical Perspective, edited by Mechthild Leutner and Nicola Spakowski, 40–56 Münster: LIT, 2005 Young, Bob, and Rachel DeWoskin “Foreign Babe in Beijing.” Transpacific 67 (1996): 12 Yu Dafu Riji jiuzhong [Nine diaries] Shanghai: Beixin shuju, 1927 Yu Hua “Gudian aiqing” [Classical love] In Gudian Aiqing [Classical love], 1–39 Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 2006 ——— Huozhe [To live] Wuhan: Changjiang wenyi chubanshe, 1993 Yu Jun “Shuangxing hexie, yingshiju dui aiqing lixiang de buxie zhuiqiu— yi Qiong Yao yanqingju weili” [Harmony of opposite sexes, the constant pursuit in the ideal love of the films and TV shows—a case study of Qiong Yao’s romance melodramas] Zhongguo nüxingzhuyi [Chinese feminism] (Fall and Winter 2005): 238–39 Yu Ying “Yingguo· lihun chengben· shangwang gusuan” [Britain· divorce costs· online estimate] Wenhui bao [Wenhui daily] January 23, 2011, Zan Jifang “Realism Is a Big Hit.” Beijing Review, no 10 (March 8, 2007): 44–45 Zeng, Yi, ed Zhongguo bashi niandai lihun yanjiu [A study of divorce in 1980s China] Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 1995 Zeng, Yi, and Wu Deqing “Regional Analysis of Divorce in China since 1980.” Demography 37.2 (May 2000): 215–19 Zhang Ailing (Eileen Chang) “Hong meigui yu bai meigui” [Red rose, white rose] In Zhang Ailing Wenji [Selected works of Zhang Ailing], vol 2, edited by Jin Hongda and Yu Qing, 125–63 Heifei: Anhui wenyi chubanshe, 1992 ——— “Qingcheng zhi lian” [Love in a fallen city] In Zhang Ailing Wenji [Selected works of Zhang Ailing], vol 2, edited by Jin Hongda and Yu Qing, 48–84 Heifei: Anhui wenyi chubanshe, 1992 ———.“Wusi yishi” [Stale mates] In Zhang Ailing Wenji [Selected works of Zhang Ailing], vol 1, edited by Jin Hongda and Yu Qing, 270–79 Heifei: Anhui wenyi chubanshe, 1992 Zhang Chengzhi “Hei junma” [The black steed] In Zhang Chengzhi www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 237 daibiaozuo [Representative works of Zhang Chengzhi], edited by Zhang Caixin, 177–243 Zhengzhou: Huanghe wenyi chubanshe, 1988 Zhang Chunsheng “Liyi zai Wu Ruozeng de chuangzuo zhong” [Divorce in Wu Ruozeng’s oeuvre] Tianjin shehui kexue [Tianjin social sciences] (1988:1): 76–81, 37 Zhang Henshui Ping Hu tongche [Shanghai express] Shanghai: Baixin shudian, 1941 Zhang Jie “Ai, shi buneng wangji de” [Love must not be forgotten] Beijing wenyi [Beijing literature and art] (1979:11): 19–27 ——— “The Ark.” Translated by Stephen Hallett In Love Must Not Be Forgotten, 113–201 San Francisco and Beijing: China Books and Panda Books, 1986 ——— “Cong senlinli laide haizi” [The music of the forests] Beijing wenyi [Beijing literature and art] (1978:7): 19–27 ——— “Fangzhou” [The ark] Shouhuo [Harvest] (1982:2): 4–59 ——— “Love Must Not Be Forgotten.” Translated by Gladys Yang In Love Must Not Be Forgotten, 1–13 San Francisco and Beijing: China Books and Panda Books, 1986 ——— Shishang zui teng wo de nage ren qu le [Gone is the one who held me dearest in the world] Shenyang: Chunfeng wenyi chubanshe, 1994 ——— Wuzi [Wordless] Vols 1–3 Beijing: Shiyue wenyi chubanshe, 2002 Zhang, Jingyuan “Breaking Open: Chinese Women’s Writing in the Late 1980s and 1990s.” In Chinese Literature in the Second Half of a Modern Century: A Critical Survey, edited by Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang, 161-79 Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2000 Zhang, Li In Search of Paradise: Middle-Class Living in a Chinese Metropolis Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press, 2010 Zhang, Li, and Aihwa Ong, eds Privatizing China: Socialism from Afar Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press, 2008 Zhang, Mei “Rural Privatisation and Women’s Labour: Property Rights and Gender Concepts in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang.” In Women of China: Economic and Social Transformation, edited by Jackie West, Zhao Minghua, Chang Xiangqun, and Cheng Yuan, 175–92 New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999 Zhang, Naihua “In a World Together Yet Apart: Urban and Rural Women Coming of Age in the Seventies.” In Some of Us: Chinese Women Growing Up in the Mao Era, edited by Xueping Zhong, Wang Zheng, and Bai Di, 1–26 New Brunswick, NJ, and London: Rutgers University Press, 2001 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 238 Zhang, Rui The Cinema of Feng Xiaogang: Commercialization and Censorship in Chinese Cinema after 1989 Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008 Zhang Xipo Zhongguo hunyin lifa shi [A history of China’s marriage law] Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 2004 Zhang, Xudong Chinese Modernism in the Era of Reforms: Cultural Fever, Avant-Garde Fiction, and the New Chinese Cinema Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997 Zhang, Yingjin “From ‘Minority Film’ to ‘Minority Discourse’: Questions of Nationhood and Ethnicity in Chinese Cinema.” In Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender, edited by Sheldon H Lu, 81–104 Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 1997 Zhang, Zhen “Bearing Witness: Chinese Urban Cinema in the Era of ‘Transformation’.” In The Urban Generation: Chinese Cinema and Society at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century, edited by Zhen Zhang, 1–45 Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2007 ——— “Mediating Time: The ‘Rice Bowl of Youth’ in Fin de Siecle Urban China.” Public Culture 12.1 (2000): 93–113 ——— “Urban Dreamscape, Phantom Sisters, and the Identity of an Emergent Art Cinema,” In The Urban Generation: Chinese Cinema and Society at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century, edited by Zhen Zhang, 344– 87 Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2007 Zhao Guangde “Ganqing shewang yu daode yueshu” [Luxurious love and moral obligations] In Gui cheng [Ghost city], 47–49 Shanghai: Shidai wenyi chubanshe, 2000 Originally published in Xinhua ribao [Xinhua daily], September 3, 1980 Zhao shuli Dengji [Registration] Beijing: Gongren chubanshe, 1950 ——— “Xiaoerhei jiehun” [The marriage of Young Blackie] In Zhao Shuli Xuanji [Selected works of Zhao Shuli], edited by Xin Wenxue xuanji bianji weiyuanhui [The editorial committee of New Literature], 56–75 Beijing: Kaiming shudian, 1951 Zheng Yi “Lao jing” [Old well] Dangdai [Contemporary] (1985: 2): 4–73 Zhong Chengxiang “Shenghuo, aiqing, daode” [Life, love, and morality] Hongyan [Red crag], February 1981, 160–65 Zhong, Xueping “Hou funü jiefang yu ziwo xiangxiang” [Post–women’s liberation and self-imagination] Dushu [Reading] (November 2005):13–20 ——— Mainstream Culture Refocused: Television Drama, Society, and the Production of Meaning in Reform-Era China Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2010 ——— Masculinity Besieged: Issues of Modernity and Male Subjectivity in www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Bibliography 239 Chinese Literature of the Late Twentieth Century Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000 ——— “Mr Zhao On and Off the Screen: Male Desire and Its Discontent.” In The Urban Generation: Chinese Cinema and Society at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century, edited by Zhen Zhang, 295–315 Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2007 ——— “Sisterhood?: Representations of Women’s Relationships in Two Contemporary Chinese Texts.” In Gender and Sexuality in TwentiethCentury Chinese Literature and Society, edited by Tonglin Lu, 157–73 Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993 Zhongguo Dangdai Wenxue Yanjiusuo qing’ai lunli zuopin zhengming shuxi bianji weiyuanhui [The editorial committee of a series of literary works on love and ethics in contemporary China of the Institute of Contemporary Chinese Literature], ed Zhongguo dangdai qing’ai lunli zhengming zuopin shuxi [A series of literary works on love and ethics in contemporary China] Vols 1–10 Beijing: Jinri Zhongguo chubanshe, 1995 Zhongguo daxuesheng jiuye [The job market of Chinese college students] “2004 Zhongguo zhiye bailing shenghuo zhiliang diaocha” [A 2004 survey of the life quality of Chinese white-collar workers] Zhongguo daxuesheng jiuye [The job market of Chinese college students] (July 2005): 41–42 Zhongguo funü [Women of China] “Yu Dan fangtan: Nüren de neixin yao congrong” [An interview with Yu Dan: A woman’s inner world should be at ease] Zhongguo funü [Women of China] (2008:1): Zhou Airong “Jiexi Chi Li xiaoshuo ‘Xiaojie nizao’ de dianshiju gaibian” [An analysis of the televisual adaptation of Chi Li’s novella Good Morning, Miss] Zuojia zazhi [Writer’s journal] (2012:12): 210–12 Zhou Keqin “Shanyue buzhi xinli shi” [The mountain moon doesn’t know my thoughts] Sichuan wenxue [Sichuan literature] (1981: 8): 2–10 ——— Xu Mao he ta de nüer men [Xu Mao and his daughters] Tianjin: Baihua wenyi chubanshe, 1980 Zhou Xiaohong Zhongguo zhongchan jieceng diaocha [A survey of the Chinese middle class] Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2005 Zhu Lin Shenghuo de lu [The path of life] Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 1979 Zhu Yaoqun Zhongchan jieceng yu hexie shehui [Middle class and harmonious society] Beijing: Zhongguo renmin gong’an daxue chubanshe, 2005 Zurndorfer, Harriet T “Gender, Higher Education, and the ‘New Woman’: The Experiences of Female Graduates in Republican China.” In Women in China: The Republican Period in Historical Perspective, edited by Mechthild Leutner and Nicola Spakowski, 450–81 Münster, Germany: LIT, 2005 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com index Page numbers in italics indicate photographs “affective individualism” concept, 182, 210n9 Age of the Naked Wedding, The (TV drama), 178–79 All China Women’s Federation, 138 Anagnost, Ann, 123–24; National PastTimes, 198n23; “Transformations of Gender in Modern China,” 199n49 Anshan, 144, 148, 159–61 Armstrong, Nancy, 18 arranged marriages, 6, 10–11, 37, 192n24 aunt (ayi), 152–54 authoritarian populism, family values and, 93, 116–25, 135–38, 144–76 baomu (female domestic worker), 98, 102–3, 106, 121, 124 Bater, 162, 166–67, 168 Baudrillard, Jean, 19 “beauty economy” (meinü jingji), 25 “beauty strategy,” 98–99 Beck, Ulrich: Risk Society, 145, 146 Beijing, 46–47, 90, 174–75; divorce rate in, 3; housing shortage in, 85, 89–90; Tiananmen Square, 73, 75–76, 78, 81 Benjamin, Walter, 17–18, 165 big-character posters (dazi bao), 63–64, 101 Blakeslee, Sandra: Second Chances (with Wallerstein), 145 Blue Kite (Tian Zhuangzhuang film), 19–20, 207n4 bodily fluids as narrative theme, 103–4, 110–11 “boudoir lament” (guiyuan), 22 Breaking the Silence (Sun Zhou film), 141 Brown, Gillian, 18 Bu Wen: “Divorce,” 14, 29 Butler, Judith, 108, 111–12 Capricorn Purse, The (Peking opera), 154, 155, 157, 161 castration fears, 165–69 Cell Phone (Feng Xiaogang film), 142, 160 Chang, Eileen See Zang Ailing Chen Kaige, 142 Chen Kexiong: contributions of, 51; “Flying Afar” (with Ma), 27, 29–30, 32, 45–49, 67; “Return, Cries the Cuckoo” (with Ma), 27, 28–29, 32, 36–45, 48–49 Chen Rong: “At Middle Age,” 52–53, 89; “Jianqu shi sui,” 199n44; “Springtime Forever,” 89; “Too Lazy to Divorce,” 82 Chen Shimei (stock villain), 44, 45 Chi Li, 18, 71; “Apart from Love,” 82; background, 98; “Brocade Beach,” 100; “Dare Not to Cry Together with You—to Zhang Jie,” 85; female character depiction, 103, 114; “Good Morning, Miss,” 85–86, 97–110, 112–13, 117, 121; Good Morning, Miss (script novel), 86; “Liaotian,” 113; “Look at My Eyes,” 111; “Real Life,” 112–13; “Sunrise,” 86, 104; Therefore, 110–12; “To and Fro,” 125 Chinese Communist Party: divorce and, 10; misogynist rhetoric, 11; scientism and, 30–36 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), 3–4, 136 “Chinese-style divorce,” 117–18 Chinese-Style Divorce (TV serial), 116– 25, 130–35 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index 242 Chow Yun-fat, 154, 156, 158 City without Night (Tang Xiaodan film), 12 college entrance examination (gaokao) system, 31–32 companionate marriages, 6, 83; age and, 88; class identification and, 48–51, 65, 90, 91 concubines, 105–8, 119, 129, 137–38, 206nn53–54 consumerism: class and, 124–29, 191–92n10; divorce as rejection of, 54–55; interior design and, 18–19, 34–35; neoliberalism and, 19, 116, 124–31, 138–39 Cott, Nancy F., 18 courtesans, 105–8 cross-dressing, theatrical, 156 Crows and Sparrows (film), 152 Cultural Revolution: critiques of, 55–56, 69–70, 82, 83, 91, 199n44; dehumanizing nature of, 53–54; disenchantment with, 30–36; divorce during, 13–14, 146; gender equality and, 199n49; intellectuals during, 30, 89–90, 95, 199n44; “iron girl” (tie guniang) concept, 24–25, 99–100; judicial changes after, 63; “masculinization” of women and, 25, 92–93, 97, 100, 103, 126; selfcondemnation and, 63–64, 101 Dai Houying: Ah, Humanity!, 19–20; Ren ah ren, 201n8 Dai Jinhua: “Redemption and Consumption,” 205n36 Days of Burning Passion, The (TV drama), 137 de Lauretis, Teresa, 23 Deng Xiaoping, 31, 78, 98 Deng Youmei: “On the Cliff,” 13 desertification in Inner Mongolia, 146, 161–74 DeWoskin, Rachel, 127–28 diary genre in Chinese literature, 56–57, 61 Dikötter, Frank: Sex, Culture, and Modernity in China, 202n37 Ding Ling: “Diary of Miss Sophie,” 14, 56, 69; Mother, 114–15; “Sanba jie yougan,” 195n76 “divorce calculator” (lihun jisuan qi), 180 divorce in modern China: during 1980s, 52–84, 85–115; during 1990s, 98–139; Chinese Communist Party regime, 10; conceptions of, 4, 96–97; concubines and, 137–38; Cultural Revolution, 13–14, 195n76; current culture, 177–83; following Second Marriage Law, 16; fourteen articles issued by Supreme People’s Court (1989), 16–17; history and representations, 5–15; legal modes, 63, 83, 172; marriage laws covering, 10, 12–13, 16, 17, 49, 50, 140, 177–78; new millennium, 140–76; post-2003 divorce rates, 3–4, 177; property division and, 177–78; Republican era, 9; as “second chance,” 145–47, 148–61, 162–77; terms for, 53 divorce in Qing-dynasty China, 5–6, 192n13 domestic culture, Chinese, 4–5 Duncan, Irma, 199n41 Duncan, Isadora, 66–67, 68, 199n41 Eighteen Springs (Ann Hui film), 147 Eldest Brother (TV drama), 137 Eldest Sister (TV drama), 137 England, industrialization in, 48 “Erqiao Gets a Divorce,” 60 “ethnic minority films” (shaoshu minzu dianying), 163–64, 165, 170–71, 173–74 eugenic discourse, Chinese, 104, 111 family revolution (defined), 181–83 Fang Fang, 71, 98 Fang Ji: “Let’s Make Life Even Better,” 11–12, 194n47 “Fantasy Story That’s Not a Fantasy, A,” 34–35 Farewell My Concubine (Peking opera), 154 female perspective in early divorce narratives, femininity ideal, 95–96, 99, 101–10, 115, 116–25, 136–37, 204n9 femme fatale character, 66–71 Feng Cun: “A Divorce Case,” 14, 15 Feng Xiaogang, 142, 160, 180 films: Chinese gangster, 156; cinema of divorce genre, 140–76, 189– 90; cinema of infidelity genre, 206–7n2; ethnic minority, 163–64, 165, 170–71, 173–74; gender representations in early PRC productions, 12; Old Shanghai in, 152–53; reform-era, 49–50; socialist, 170–71; Urban Generation directors, 162; women directors, 141–42 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index Foreign Babes in Beijing (TV drama), 125, 127–28 Foucault, Michel, 400 Blows, The (Truffaut film), 160 Four Modernizations program, 31, 50, 195n11 free love/free marriage, concepts of, 6, 9–12, 24, 27, 29, 65, 88, 131–35, 149 funü (Maoist term for woman), 10, 129 gaze, act of gazing, 76, 134, 154–55, 200n60 “gender consciousness,” 97–110, 112 gender equality: 1950s, 10–11; Cultural Revolution and, 92–93, 99–100; divorce and, 6; double standard and, 8–9, 24–25, 87–88, 102–3, 126, 206n52; education and, 114; gendered division of labor and, 15, 24–25, 90–91, 121–22, 126–27; middle-class identity and, 122; new millennium, 140–76; postfeminism and, 100, 115, 116–25, 138–39; sex discrimination and, 91–93; soccer and, 112–13 gendered division of labor in China: class and, 124; family unit and, 23–26; herdsman communities, 165–66; housework and, 15, 124, 133–35, 165–66; in Mao era, 206n52; market economy and, 22–23, 77–78, 105–8, 182, 183; naturalized, 4; “one family, two systems” approach, 126–27; postfeminist conservatism and, 136, 138–39; sexual differences and, 111, 121–22 gendered “hygienic modernity,” 103–5, 202n38 gendered narratives: female archetypes, 105–8; gender spatialization and, 21–23; “masculinization” of women, 25, 92–93, 97, 100, 103, 126; maternal sentimentality, 108– 14; midlife crisis depictions and, 52–53, 58–84 Giddens, Anthony, 133; “Risk and Responsibility,” 145 “girls’ liberation” (shaonü jiefang), 24 Golden Anniversary (TV drama), 135 Great Leap Forward, 13 Greenhalgh, Susan: Just One Child, 28, 195n7 Gu Eryi, 12 Gu Yuan: Appealing for Divorce, Guo Fenglian, 99 243 Guo Moruo, 7, 32 “harmonious society,” 117–18, 135–37, 183, 192n10, 205n44 Harvey, David: A Brief History of Neoliberalism, 203n3 He Dun, 18–19, 98 Hei Xinwen, 3–4 Herdsman, The (Xie Jin film), 143 homosexuality and homoeroticism, 200–201n5 Horse Thief (Tian Zhuangzhuang film), 165 House of 72 Tenants, The (film), 152–53 “house slaves” (fangnu), 179 housing shortages, 90, 159–61, 179, 206nn53–54 Hu Jintao, 135, 205n44 Hu Shih, 8, 33 Huang Jianxin, 143 Huang Shuqin, 156 Hui, Ann: background, 147, 207n21; Boat People, 160; Eighteen Springs, 147; My American Grandson, 147; The Postmodern Life of My Aunt, 146–61, 179; Song of the Exile, 151 humanism, 1980s debate on, 27–28, 35, 82, 89–90 I Love Beijing (Ning Ying film), 140, 141 Ibsen, Henrik: A Doll’s House, 9, 87 If You Are the One II (Feng Xiaogang film), 180 In Love We Trust (Wang Xiaoshuai film), 174–75 infertility, 174–75 Inner Mongolia, 146–47, 161–74 intellectuals, place in Chinese society: in 1930s, 6–7; in 1980s, 28–30, 52–84; during Cultural Revolution, 14, 30, 89–90, 95, 199n44 “iron girl” (tie guniang) concept, 24, 99–100; reeducation of, 101–2 Jia Pingwa: “Households in the Chicken Nest Lowland,” 49 Jiang Wenli, 125, 135 Jin Guantao, 36; Prosperity and Crisis (with Liu), 33 Johnson, Kay Ann: Women, the Family, and Peasant Revolution in China, 198n37 Kaplan, E Ann: “Is the Gaze Male?”, 154–55 “kinship individualism,” 180–81 Kong, Shuyu, 137 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index 244 Kristeva, Julia, 112 Kung Fu Hustle (film), 153 Lady from Shanghai, The (American film), 208n27 Land Reform, 10 Lao She: Divorce, 6–8 Lean, Eugenia: Public Passions, 198–99n39 Lee, Haiyan, 8, 156 Lee, Leo, 55 Li Dazhao: “Understanding the Change of Modern Chinese Thoughts from an Economic Perspective,” Li Siguang, 33–34 Li Xiaojiang, 92 Li Zehou, 33 Li Zhang, 138 Liang Xiaosheng: Women’s Feelings, 100–101 Lights in Thousands of Families (film), 152 Lin Daojing, 199n41 Ling Zifeng, 163 Literary Works on Love and Ethics in Contemporary China, 71 Liu, Jianmei, 54 Liu Liu: “Fortune,” 101 Liu Qiao’er (film), 193–94n44 Liu Qingfeng, 36; Prosperity and Crisis (with Jin), 33 Liu Zaifu, 18 Liu Zhenyun, 71, 98 Lou Ye, 162 Love Rules (TV drama), 135 Lü Liping, 141, 207n4 Lu, Sheldon H., 127, 130 Lu Xuechang, 142, 143 Lu Xueyi, 192n10 Lu Xun, 7, 35, 192n24; “Diary of a Madman,” 55, 56; “Divorce,” 8; “What Happens After Nora Has Left Home,” 87 Lu Yin: “Lishi’s Diary,” 56 Lunar Eclipse (Wang Quan’an film), 162 Lyotard, Jean-Franỗois, 35 Ma Ming: contributions of, 51; “Flying Afar” (with Chen), 27, 29–30, 32, 45–49, 67; “Return, Cries the Cuckoo” (with Chen), 27, 28–29, 32, 36–45, 48–49 Ma Wen’s Battle (Chang Zheng film), 179 Making of Steel, The (Lu Xuechang film), 143 male perspective in early divorce narratives, 7–8 Mao Dun: Ziye, 208n27, 209n27 Mao Zedong, 10 marriage as social contract, 105–8 Marriage Certificate, The (Huang Jianxin film), 143 marriage guidebooks, how-to, 117, 136, 138 marriage laws: First (1950), 10, 12–13, 16; Second (1980), 16, 49, 50; Second, 2001 amendment, 17, 140; Second, 2003 modification, 3, 140; Third (2011), 177–78 Married for Ten Years (TV drama), 137 May Fourth movement: arranged marriages viewed by, 78; critical realism, 55; divorce and, 6, 9; feminism and, 24; importance of, 57; intellectuals in, 14, 78; legal debates, 62–63; modernization and, 27, 35, 83 McGrath, Jason: Postsocialist Modernity, 206–7n2 McMahon, Keith: Polygamy and Sublime Passion, 202n48 “mediated divorce” (taojie lihun), 63 “mediated reconciliation” (taojie hehao), 65–66 mediation (tiaojie) justice practice, 63 “middle class” as term, 23, 191–92n10, 205n44 middle-aged women in divorce narratives, 6–8, 11, 14–15; as commodities, 5, 25, 105–8, 175–76, 183; misogyny toward, 57–58, 65–66; postfeminist, 22–26, 101– 10, 115, 116–25; rural/urban gap, 27–28, 37–48; women’s writings, 85–115 midlife crisis: definition of, 52; female, 52–53, 116–25; intellectuals and, 53, 58–60, 73–74; male divorce narratives, 52–84; of New Enlightenment intellectuals, 79; subjectivity in, 74–76; yin/yang forces and, 54, 71, 197n8 misogyny: of Chinese Communist Party, 11; class and, 59–60; fetishization of youth and, 25; in male midlife crisis narratives, 55, 57–84; postfeminism and, 116–25, 138–39; “strong woman” idea and, 100–101; of women, 121; women’s narratives in response to, 86–115 modernization: 1980s nostalgia and, 28; class separation and, 93–94, 97, 99; divorce rates and, 177; Four Modernizations, 31, 50, 195n11; www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index gendered “hygienic modernity,” 103–5, 202n38; global capitalist, 16–22, 28–30, 105–8, 113–14, 158– 59; industrialization and, 161–74, 208n23; interior design and, 34–35; marital mismatches and, 6–8, 14–15, 27, 36–51, 91–92, 97, 105–8, 126–29; public/private boundaries and, 15, 16–26, 30, 95–96, 119– 20; scientism and, 30–48; social transformation (shehui zhuanxing) period, 72, 83; strangers and, 149–52 Mongolian Tale, A (Xie Fei film), 173–74 Monhanty, Chandra Talpade, 42 morin khuur (Mongolian horsehead fiddle), 173 motherhood and maternal love as narrative theme, 104, 108–12, 113– 14, 130–33, 169–75 Mother-in-Law (TV drama), 137 Mr Zhao (film), 140 Mu Shiying: “Shanghai de hubuwu,” 208n27, 209n27 My American Grandson (Ann Hui film), 147 “naked marriage” (luohun), 178–79 National People’s Congress (NPC): 2001 convention, 136; 2010 convention, 3–4 neoliberalism: with Chinese characteristics, 116–39, 203n3; class spatialization and, 20–22, 99; consumerism and, 19, 116, 124–31, 138–39; education and, 123–24; impact on women, 147–48; risk society and, 146–77; self-ownership and, 128 neorealism in Chinese literature, 71–74, 98, 201n24 New Culture movement, 35–36 “New Enlightenment movement” (xin qimeng yundong), 28, 55, 77–79, 80, 82 New Marriage Law (1950): narratives published after, 24, 193nn43–44; nicknamed “divorce law,” 10; peasant-oriented narratives, 12–13; principles of, 10; superseded by Second Marriage Law, 16 New Urbanite Fiction (Xin Shimin Xiaoshuo), 18, 98, 201n24 See also neorealism in Chinese literature New Youth journal, 35 Ning Ying, 141 245 nüxing (post-Maoist term for woman), 129 Old Maid Gets Married (TV drama), 180 Old Well (Wu Tianming film), 50, 173 On the Hunting Ground (Tian Zhuangzhuang film), 165 one-child policy, 28, 174–75, 181 Palmer, Michael: “The Re-emergence of Family Law in Post-Mao China,” 198n37 Peach Blossom Fan, The, 107 Peng Xiaolian, 141 Piano in a Factory, The (Zhang Meng film), 142, 143–44 Plum in the Golden Vase, 107 polyandrist family structure, 163, 164, 173, 209n48 Postmodern Life of My Aunt, The (Ann Hui film), 146–61, 155, 156, 157, 160, 179 “Producing Perfect Women for Successful Husbands,” 128–29 public/private boundaries: blurring of, 156, 204–5n35; family unit and, 23–26, 79–82, 122–24, 130–31, 137–38, 180–81; femininity idea and, 95–96, 115, 116–25; home ownership and, 20–22; housing shortages and, 159–61; modernization and, 15, 16–26, 30, 57–58, 119–20, 123–24, 132–35, 137–38, 182 Qing dynasty, divorce under, 5–6 Qiong Yao, 136 “quality education” (suzhi jiaoyu), 114, 123–24, 144 Raise the Red Lantern (Zhang Yimou film), 71, 79 Reagan, Ronald, and Reaganite ideology, 93 Red Detachment of Women, The (Xie Jin film), 95 Red Sorghum (Zhang Yimou film), 161 Reform and Opening Up (Gaige Kaifang) program, 38–39 “risk society” concept, 26, 145–77; castration fears, 165–69; dangerous strangers in, 149–52; explanation of, 145; industrialization and, 146, 161–74; knowledge capitalism and, 158–59; second chances and, 145–47 Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index 246 Rofel, Lisa B.: Desiring China, 198n23 Rogaski, Ruth: Hygienic Modernity, 202n38 Romance of the Three Kingdoms, 99 “rule by law” (fazhi), 54, 62–66, 83, 172, 198–99n39 “rule by man” (renzhi), 62–63, 66, 198–99n39 rural/urban divide: education and, 6–7, 13, 31–32, 36–48, 51, 196n32, 196n34; maternal image and, 169– 71; middle-aged women and, 7–8, 27–28, 37–48, 120–21, 176; “sentdown” youths and, 29–30, 32 science fiction, 34–35 scientism: 1980s, 28–37, 49–51; consumerism and, 136; hygienic modernity and, 103–5, 202n38; industrialization and, 167; linguistic systems and, 39–40; market economy’s superceding of, 54, 77–79; maternal love and, 110– 12, 174–75; New Culture movement and, 35–36, 49; one-child policy and, 28; portrayed in Chen and Ma stories, 36–48; risk society contrasted with, 145–46; women scientists, 40–44, 196n34 “sea of business, plunging into the” (xiahai) concept, 22, 77–78, 81–82, 98, 126, 144, 168 Second Marriage Law (1980): 2001 amendment, 17, 140; 2003 modification, 3, 140; divorce rates following, 16, 49, 66; modernization and, 50 self-development, women’s gendered, 5, 25–26, 95–96, 108, 115, 117–25, 204n9 self-emancipation (fanshen), 12–13 Senge, 163, 167, 168 “sent-down” youths (xiaxiang zhishi qingnian), 29–30, 32, 37–38, 143, 149, 208n23 Sentinel under the Neon Lights (Wang Ping and Ge Xin film), 12 sex as commodity, 5, 25, 105–8, 129–31, 137 sexual conservatism: authoritarian populism and, 93, 135–38; of Chinese Communist Party, 11–12 sexual harassment, 90–91 Shanghai: divorce rate in, 3; film portrayals of, 152–53, 208–9n27; as model of modernity, 38–44, 148–59, 159, 208n23; Old, 152–53, 157–58 Shanghai Trilogy (Peng Xiaolian films), 141 Sigh, A (Feng Xiaogang film), 142 Snail House (TV drama), 179, 206n54 “snail marriage” (wohun), 178, 179 Song of the Exile (Ann Hui film), 151 Song of Youth (Cui Wei and Chen Huaikai film), 14 Sons (Zhang Yuan film), 159, 179 speaking bitterness (suku) concept: during Mao era, 60–61, 198n23; by women, 12–13, 85, 91–94; in Wu’s Divorce, 54–55, 58–63, 82–83 Spring is Splendid Color (Shen Fu film), 13 Story of Qiuju, The (Zhang Yimou film), 63 “Story of Qunni’s Divorce, The,” 12, 60 Su Qing: Married for Ten Years, Su Tong: background, 71; “A Divorce Handbook,” 52, 54–58, 71–81, 83–84, 112; “Escapes,” 80; “A Married Man,” 71, 72, 81–82, 112; “Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes,” 80; “Running Wild,” 80; Snapshots of Married Life, 72; Wives and Concubines, 71 Su Xiaokang: “The Great Fission of Yin and Yang,” 16, 49 Sun Chang, Kang-I: Writing Women in Late Imperial China (with Widmer), 202n48 Sun Lung-Kee: The Deep Structure of Chinese Culture, 92 Sun Qian: “A Strange Tale of Divorce,” 14–15 Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters, The, 107 Tang, Xiaobing, 18–19 Tang Xiaodan, 12 television dramas, Chinese, 116–39, 185–88 Thatcher, Margaret, and Thatcherite ideology, 93, 105 Third Marriage Law (2011), 177–78 Third Plenum, Eleventh Party’s Congress (1978), 15–16 Tian Zhuangzhuang, 19–20, 165, 207n4 Tiananmen Square (Beijing), 73, 75–76, 78, 81 To and Fro (TV drama), 98, 125–27 To Live (Zhang Yimou film), 20 Toffler, Alvin: The Third Wave, 31, 195n8 Truffaut, Franỗois, 160 Tuyas Marriage (Wang Quan’an film), 146–47, 161–74, 166, 170, 174 Two Stage Sisters (Xie Jin film), 12 www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Index 247 Under One Roof (Lu Xuechang film), 142, 143 Xu Mao and His Daughters (Wang Yan film), 50 victim narratives, Yan Xueshu, 49 Yang Gang: “Fragment from a Lost Diary,” 56 Yang Mo: Qingchun zhi ge, 199n41; Song of Youth, 14, 143 Ye Xin: Niezhai, 208n23 Ye Yonglie: The Adventures of Little Talent in the Future, 34 Ye Zhaoyan: Ma Wen’s Battle, 179 yinsheng yangshuai, 54, 197n8 Yu Dafu, 8; Nine Diaries, 56 Yu Dan, 136, 205n44; Yu Dan’s Thoughts on Harmony, 206n49 Yu Hua, 71, 74; “Classical Love,” 82; To Live, 20 Yu Nan, 162, 163, 166, 175 Yue Meng, 200n60 Wallerstein, Judith S.: Second Chances (with Blakeslee), 145 Wang Bing, 207–8n22 Wang Hailing, 116, 121, 132, 203n1, 204n9, 205n37 Wang Hui, 35 Wang, Qi: “State-Society Relations and Women’s Political Participation,” 199n49 Wang Quan’an, 209n48; background, 162; interview with, 164–65; Lunar Eclipse, 162; Tuya’s Marriage, 146, 161–74 Wang Ruoshui: “About the Concept of Alienation,” 53 Wang Xiaoming: “Ruins on the Open Field—Literature and the Crisis of the Humanist Spirit,” 78 Wang Xiaoshuai, 174–75 Weitzman, Lenore J.: The Divorce Revolution, 204n13 West of the Tracks (Wang Bing film), 207–8n22 Widmer, Ellen: Writing Women in Late Imperial China (with Sun Chang), 202n48 “wifely quality” (suzhi) concept, 5, 25, 115, 128–31, 136, 183 Wild Mountains (Yan Xueshu film), 49, 173 Woman, Demon, Human (Huang Shuqin film), 156 Woman for Two, A (Ling Zifeng film), 163 Women from the Lake of Scented Souls (Xie Fei film), 161 “women’s liberation (funü jiefang), 24 Wu Ruozeng: background, 55–56; Divorce (Liyi), 52, 53, 54, 55, 56–71, 73, 82–83, 91, 198n13; narrative style, 71; “The Precondition of Women’s Liberation Must Be Men’s Liberation,” 70 Wu Tianming, 50 Xia Yinlan, Xiao Yemu: “Between the Two of Us,” 13, 29 Xie Fei, 161, 173–74 Xie Jin, 12, 143 Xie Tian, 50 Xu Chi, 41; “Goldbach’s Conjecture,” 33–34; “The Light of Geology,” 33–34 Zhang Ailing (Eileen Chang): background, 192–93n25; “Love in a Fallen City,” 8; “Red Rose, White Rose,” 8; “Stale Mates,” 8–9 Zhang Chengzhi: “The Black Steed,” 173–74 Zhang Henshui: Ping Hu tongche, 208n27, 209n27 Zhang Jie: “The Ark,” 16, 85, 88–94, 95–97, 100, 113, 200n1; background, 87; female character depiction, 103, 114; Gone Is the One Who Held Me Dearest in the World, 87; “Love Must Not Be Forgotten,” 16, 82, 85, 87–88, 94–95, 141; Love Must Not Be Forgotten collection, 200n1; male character depiction, 113; “The Music of the Forests,” 87; Wordless, 82 Zhang Meng, 142, 143–44 Zhang Xinxin, 92 Zhang Yimou, 20, 63, 71, 79, 142, 161 Zhang Yuan, 159, 162, 179 Zhang Zhen, 162 Zhao Shuli: “Dengji,” 193n43; “The Marriage of Young Blackie,” 10–11; “Registration,” 10 Zhong, Xueping, 124; Mainstream Culture Refocused, 195n82; Masculinity Besieged, 197n8, “Sisterhood?”, 201n5 Zhou Keqin: “The Mountain Moon Doesn’t Know My Thoughts,” 50; Xu Mao and His Daughters, 50 Zhu An, 192n24 Zurndorfer, Harriet T., 114 ...Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Family Revolution Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Family Revolution m a r ital st r ife in t empor... in socialist gender politics and family life, which left room for the return of male centrism in post-revolutionary China.52 revolutionizing the interior in post-revolutionary china In 1978, the... of marriage and family To them, I dedicate this book with my deepest love and gratitude Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Family Revolution Free