Bulletin of Museum of Comparative Zoology 03

BULLETIN MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY HARVARD COLLEGE, VOL IN CAMBRIDGE III Nos 1-16 CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U S A 1871-1876 Reprinted with the permission of the original publisher KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York 1967 ~> Printed in U.S.A CONTENTS Page No — Report on the Brachiopoda obtained by the United States Coast Survey Expedition in charge of L F No — Application With two Figures of Photography With a Revision de Poortales By W H Dall of the Craniidaa and Discinidae to (2 Plates) Illustrations of Natural printed by the Albert and Woodbury Processes By 47 Alexander Agassiz No —A Professor Letter concerning Deep-Sea Dredging, addressed to Benjamin Peirce, Superintendent United States Coast Survey By Louis Agassiz No No 49 — Preliminary Notice of a few Echini — Fossil Cephalopods of the Museum By Alexander Agassiz of Comparative Zoology Embryology by Alpheus Hyatt (4 Plates) Embryology, 66 Umbilicus, 76 Whorls, 76 Septa, ; ; No History ; 55 — 59 81 ; The Shell, 103 — Notes of an Ornithological Reconnaissance of Portions of Kansas, Colorado, I By Wyoming, and Utah J A Allen 113 May to May 24, 1871 List of Birds observed at Leavenworth, Kansas, from May 11, and at Topeka, Kansas, from May 11 to With Annotations II 122 May 26 to July 3, With Annotations 1871 List of Birds observed IV List of Birds observed at Cheyenne, 1871, to January 12, August 16 to August in 28, 1871 List of Birds observed in ritory, in July, 1871 VII Territory, from With Annotations With Annotations in 146 South Park, Park County, Colorado Ter- With Annotations County, Colorado, from July 19 to 153 Mount Lincoln, Park July 26, 1871 With Anno- List of Birds observed in the Vicinity of tations 144 Rocky Mountains Colorado Territory, between Colorado City and Denver, July and August, 1871 VI Wyoming List of Birds observed at the Eastern Base of the in 131 Northwestern Kansas, December 25, 1872 With Annotations 142 III V List of Birds observed in the Vicinity of Fort Hays, Kansas, from 159 CONTENTS iv "from September Summary IX to October 8, 1871 List of Birds observed in Kansas, Colorado, and Utah, No Utah Territory, With Annotations List of Birds collected in the Vicinity of Ogden, VIII collected by L F de Pourtales, during the^Gulf Stream Exploration of the United States Survey — The Echini Agassiz No No ica, No By Allman J 164 173 1871 in — Interim Report of the Hydroids George Wyoming, 185 collected in the Hassler Expedition By Alexander 187 — Catalogue of the Terrestrial Air- breathing Mollusks of North AmerBy W with Notes on their Geographical Range 10 — Ophiuridae Lyman On and Astrophytidse, new and G Binney old (1 Plate) 191 By Theodore 221 (7 Plates) Waters of Western Europe and the Species of Ophiothrix from the of the Mediterranean 240 Catalogue of the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidse collected by Prof C Semper, and now belonging to the Museum of Comparative Zoology Homologies of Chewing Apparatus in Ophiuridte 252 Explanation of Plates 260 No 11 S — Exploration W Garman I S 12 ; By S W Garman Batrachians, 276 of Lake ; 274 Reptiles, 278 By Alexander Agassiz and Titicaca 279 13 — Recent — The S., Alexander Agassiz Corals from Tilibiche, Peru and L F de Pourtales 14 By Orville A Derby, M Notice of the Palaeozoic Fossils with Notes by No 274 Plate) (1 —Exploration By Alexander Agassiz and Titicaca W Garman II No Lake Fishes and Reptiles Fishes, 274 No of (1 279 By Alexander Agassiz 287 Plate) Development of Salpa By Wm K Brooks, Ph D (34 291 cuts) 306 Embryology of Solitary Salpa (Female) Development of the Salpa Chain Summary and General Conclusions No S 15 — Exploration of Lake Titicaca 16 — Exploration with Field Notes of Lake Titicaca 353 By Alexander Agassiz and W Garman IV Crustacea 337 350 Mammals and Birds By J A Allen, by Mr Garman Mammals, 350 Birds List of ; S 326 By Alexander Agassiz and W Garman III No 254 By Walter Faxon (With 37 cuts) 361 361 No — Report on Brachiopoda obtained by the United the States Coast Survey Expedition, in Charge of L F de Pour- tales, with a Revision of the Craniidye and Discinid.e by W H Dall (Communicated by Professor Benj Peikce, Superintendent U Coast S Survey.) In the preparation of this paper I have been indebted to the Smith- sonian Institution, under the direction of Professor Joseph Henry, for the use of their library and collection of recent brachiopods R Jeffreys, Esq., F S., for to J ; Gwyn kindly lending specimens of the brachiopods obtained by the English Deep-Sea Dredging Expedition, for comparison and to Thomas Davidson, Esq., F G S., for The animals which compose naturalist ages, and many this class are of peculiar interest to the geologist, as being represented in rocks of and continuously through the various formations up period ; favors Their position in the natural system of very early to the present being classification stil a matter of discussion, all facts bearing on their anatomy and embryology are of the highest interest compiling a mere into the details of list I have endeavored, therefore, instead of of species and descriptions, to enter as thoroughly anatomy as the means considered the present a fit hand would at allow, opportunity for rectifying the and have synonymy of some groups which, from the confusion in which they have been involved, have long been avoided It is by naturalists as stumbling-blocks hardly necessary to add, that I am indebted for the opportunity of doing this work to the kindness of Professor Agassiz, the materials in of my hands for examination, who placed with the kind concurrence M de Pourtales and Dr William Stimpson Class BRACHIOPODA Cuvier Animals provided with two shelly valves, each of which, normally, which, with all is Valves united by three or more pairs of muscles, bilaterally symmetrical the other soft parts (except occasionally the intestine) are arranged in bilateral symmetry with relation to the longitudinal axis of the valves, respectively VOL III Organs consisting essentially of a mantle com- BULLETIN OF THE posed of two lobes, which have their anterior edges always disconnected, and which correspond to the valves of the shell variously modified, with ; a disk of membrane, edges fringed with a series of tubular brachia its a mouth situated within the posterior edge of this disk more or and anteriorly recurved less differentiated system more or less ; a stomach with a ; intestine ; a circulatory contained within a series of vessels and an atrial system of sinuses or lacunes; with a unilocular heart and usually one or two pairs of accessory pended two pulsatile vesicles in the vascular sinuses pairs of oviducts opening externally rounding the oesophagus respiring ; ; with the genitalia usually sus- and expelling their products through one or ; nervous ganglia in a ring sur- oxygen by absorption through contact of the sea water with the surface of the tissues of the mantle and brachia; dioecious, and exclusively marine This diagnosis comprises eration, I find to be the characters which, after careful consid- all common members of the to all the class There are other characters which are more or less characteristic of the more familiar forms of recent brachiopods, but which are not characteristic of the group as a whole Thus, many of the recent forms are attached by a pedicel, while others in the same family are attached by the substance of the valves, and others of nearly any kind The allied groups are without an attachment of many brachiopods shells of by minute tubuli are perforated lined by ca^cal prolongations of the outer laminae of the mantle lobes, while others in the same family, and perhaps, in some cases, in the same genus, are without these perforations The mantle edge of many genera vided with a more or less closely set border of same family are complete) may growth (but its stated to be movable, while in others no muscles exist might be moved In some the blood The chemical composition in the gi-eat majority embryonic forms it is differ is setae are by which they colored and in others colorless of the shell differs in different genera, though principally widely and possessing eye-spots in after the other organs are nearly In some brachiopods the be devoid of them is jiro- while others in the and even the same individual, entirely without seta;, the earlier stages of seta?, composed of carbonate of lime among like the fry of while others are unsegmented The themselves, some being segmented Pneumodermon and Dentalium, In one genus the pedicel is developed out of the middle of the dorsal area of the embryo, so that the valves both bear a dorsal relation to the animal, while in others it would appear to extend from one extremity of the embryo, when the valves would bear a dorsal and ventral relation respectively It is evident that characters such as these, which are few of family, and none of ordinal value, can have no important bearing upon the tion of the group and its systematic position as a whole classifica- MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY ARTHROPOMATA Order ** Syn = Arthropomata Owen, Enc Owen Brit Ed., VIII, XV, Art Mollusca, p 336, 1858 = Brachiopodes, valves articule'es Deshayes, An s Vert Ed , VII, II, p 309, 1836 = PaUiobranchiata, cardine inslructa testa Zool., p 092, 1850 Van der Hceven, Handb = Apygia Bronx, Klass Ordn = Huxley, Lect Thierr., Ill, Abth Class 1864 Intr Class Articulata + >- -< Ancylobrachia Cryptobrachia Ann Mag Nat =~ -= Brachiopodes + B p 301, 1862 Anim., p 116, 1869 + Sclerobrachia + Sarcicobrachia Hist., II, pp brachide's der * Gray, 435-438, 1848 cirride's D'Orbigny, Cours Ele'm Pal., II, p 82, 1849 >- Pedunculata Latreille, Fam Nat Reg An., p 196, 1825 Lobes of the mantle Intestine ending in a closed sac Characters Valves articulated by teeth and sockets united posteriorly Family TEREBRATULIDiE Tcrebratulidce Dall, Am Journ Conch., VI, ( Terebratulinai Subfamily TEREBRATULINiE Dall, 101, 1870 Genus Terebratula Am p 101, 1870 Thecid'ddoz exclus c p TEREBRATULA Lliiwyd, Litli Britt Ichn., Dall Auct ex Llhwyd 1699 Lam Prodrome, Dall 1799 Jour Conch., VI, p 101, 1870 Type T perovalis Sowekby, Lamarck T maxillata, Sowerby Terebratula cubensis Pourtales Terebratula cubensis Dall, Am Pourtales, Terebratula vitrea, var Jeffreys, Florida reefs, reefs Bull Mus Comp Zool., I, No 7, p 109, 1867 Jour Conch., Vol VI, pp 105, 166, 1870 in litt Davidson, Mon (not of Born) May, 1868, Ital Tert Brach., I, p 9, 1870 ; also in 100 - 200 fathoms, rarer toward the east end of the Coast of Cuba near Havana, in 270 fathoms Pourtales, U S Coast Survey In upholding the specific distinctness of this species, which doubt closely allied to T * I have adopted in the Bronn and Strickland vitrea, I comprehension of intricate have not been able am is withou; obliged to differ from synonymy the very excellent system of notation proposed by some similar system, is absolutely necessary for the synonymy It is a matter of surprise that it has not been This, or more generally adopted and made use I regret that I to verify by of The single asterisks denote references actual examination in person which BULLETIN OF THE I the distinguished naturalists whose names are quoted above may admitted that honest differences of opinion specific limits of I almost any species of animal my own can only give utterance to material at my command vilrea, shown, I feel They were tion ; and in this, as in other cases, ; have, in another publication, stated that I I justified in considering these differences as of specific value by M de Pourtales partly pointed out after a careful in his original descrip- many hundred examination of any inconstancy to detect able this species and, as no transition from the one to the other has yet been comparison of them with a large series of T critical must bo personal opinion, based upon the have found constant, though not extreme, differences between and T It exist in regard to the specimens, and a have not been vilrea, I form of the loop in each species in the While the other characters arc more variable, yet more approach usually be observed in two closely to each other than may even those show no allied species The ences following comparative diagnoses will serve to point out these differ- : — T cubensis has some extent margin of the valves the refers to adult shells, in hamuli valve is aspect ; always side, giving the valve a subquadrangular teeth are stout and thick, the deltidium moderate The shell valves, the cardinal border is is widest near the anterior margin of the strongly arched cardinal process the ; The rounded and much recurved stout, blunt, broad, is homial direction, the margin of the are usually rather inflated, giving the shell a tumid foramen rather large divided in a excavated on each The valves The hinge aspect This diagnosis, however, which a certain amount of flexuosity The convexity being present laterally flexuous, varying to degree of flexuosity, with age in cardinal plate no shelly matter extending between the apophysal ridges is is The shelly plates on each side of these ridges, extending to the dental ridges, are deeply concave, with the anterior border somewhat produced ami rounded is dle, is The crura characteristic and are short peculiar and The blunt and a deep narrow gutter extends on each of the convexity hind in much incurved is convex side is a much produced, deep slit blunt, a slight sinus or indentation in the side of this convexity mid- and Between these points and the produced at each side into a point median convexity on each anterior part of the loop It is strongly squarely or fissure and square The apex The It anterior end terminates be- of the haemal valve is T.vitrea has the lateral margins of the valves almost rectilinear, if there be any flexuosity the direction of the convexity outline of the hannal valve is rounded ovate The is neural Hence the valves are more or less compressed, and there are frequently indications of a broad median ridge, MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY and bounded by two obscure flattened The hinge T cubensis which carina?, and teeth are slender never present in is The narrower, and the foramen usually smaller than in T cubensis is much delicate, the deltidium shell widest behind the middle of the valves, giving a slight coffin-shaped aspect to the valves process the cardinal border ; slender, produced, is and square nearly straight, the cardinal is The at the end cardinal plate The crura anteriorly emarginated portion of the loop is of a median prolongation there in the anterior edge of The apex of mens of this species is is is, where is T cubensis is produced, entire where cubensis is narrowest, narrowest where cubensis is may be smoothly rounded, I have not the etc., etc The In can testify from actual exami- vitrea constant them as in some Hence I distinct species would distinguish them anywhere, and specific character could be advanced general anatomy this species presents some similarity to Wahllu imia I shall r