Interpreter á diplomats

Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS www.Ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank PERSPECTIVES ON TRANSLATION Series Director: Jean Delisle INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS A Diplomatic History of the Role of Interpreters in World Politics Ruth A ROLAND With an introduction by Jean DELISLE University of Ottawa Press Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com University of Ottawa Press gratefully acknowledges the support extended to its publishing programme by the Canada Council, the Department of Canadian Heritage, and the University of Ottawa We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for this project Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Roland, Ruth A., 1922Interpreters as Diplomats: A Diplomatic History of the Role of Interpreters in World Politics (Perspectives on translation) First published Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1982 under title: Translating World Affairs Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-7766-0501-1 International relations—Translating—History World politics— Translating Translating and interpreting—History I Title II Title: Translating World Affairs III Series 327.1/01/4 JZ1305.R64 1999 C99-900616-9 Technical Assistance: Paule Ouellet Cover Design: Robert Dolbec Typesetting: Danielle Peret Cover Picture: "The Ambassador's Arrival" by Vittore Carpaccio (c 1455-1526) Corel Photo Studio, "The Masters," Vol VII, No 566092 Original Title: Translating World Affairs (Jefferson, N.C., McFarland & Company, 1982) University of Ottawa Press/Presses de 1'Universite d'Ottawa "All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher." ISSN 1480-7734 ISBN 0-7766-0501-1 University of Ottawa Press, 1999 542 King Edward, Ottawa, Ont., Canada KIN 6N5 press@uottawa.ca http://www.uopress.uottawa.ca Printed and bound in Canada www.Ebook777.com "Diplomacy is about making friends, not losing them." VERNON WALTERS, The Washington Post, December 16,1985 "What difficulties and misunderstandings might not be avoided, and how much time saved, by leaving matters trustfully in the translator's hands!" FRIEDRICH VON GENTZ, Diary, September 1814 This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction by Jean Delisle Preface CHAPTER The Linguist of Ancient and Medieval Days CHAPTER Europe and the New World, to 1919 41 CHAPTER East-West Confrontation: China, Japan, India 83 CHAPTER From Versailles (1919) to the United Nations 121 CHAPTER Outstanding Interpreters 157 Works Cited 175 Index 201 VII TABLE OF FIGURES Sarcophagus of a Dacian interpreter 22 Punishment of an unfaithful interpreter 36 Friedrich von Gentz 52 Sacajawea 75 The "Big Four" and interpreter Paul Mantoux 122 The Nuremberg Trial Booth of the interpreters 129 Leon Dostert 131 Sir Winston Churchill, interpreter Arthur Hurbert Birse and Joseph Stalin 159 Adolf Hitler, interpreter Eugen Dollmann and Galeazzo Ciano 162 10 Constantin Andronikof and Danica Seleskovitch 163 VIII Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com INTRODUCTION No matter who we are or where we live, we are all, thanks to translation and interpretation, contemporaries of every historical period and citizens of every country The author of this work enables us to discover a collection of fascinating characters who, although they worked in the shadows of some of the world's great figures (but also the not so great), played an essential role in political and diplomatic affairs Like the translators and interpreters who come back to life in these pages, she takes us beyond our linguistic and cultural boundaries and even beyond the boundaries erected through prejudice and ignorance Ruth A Roland's story is embellished with numerous anecdotes, which give a human, realistic dimension to her characters The interpreters belong to almost all of the subgroups of this age-old profession, from the Pharaohs' first interpreters to conference interpreters, with military, judicial, parliamentary and interpreting brokers in between Canada's French explorer Jacques Cartier finished his seafaring career as an interpreting broker in the port of Saint-Malo in Brittany Still today, interpreting brokers in ocean ports are the only ones apart from ship commanders who have the right to translate documents written in foreign languages before commercial courts They are also the only ones to serve as go-betweens with foreigners One of the major strengths of Interpreters as Diplomats is that it is the only work to give an overview of other works by interpreters from antiquity to the introduction of a new inter1 www.Ebook777.com WORKS CITED ROOSEVELT, Eleanor, and William DE WITT (1953) The UN: Today and Tomorrow New York: Harper & Bros ROSSI, Salvatore (1902-1903) "Quando Cattone il Censore Apprese la lingua Greca." Messina: Atti della R Accademia Peloritana, Tipografia D'Amico, Anno XVI ROSTEN, Leo (1974) "Diversions." Saturday Review World (April 6), p 37 ROUDYBUSH, Franklin (1972) Diplomatic Language Basle: Satz & Repro Ag ROUMIGIERE, Henriette (1926) Le frangais dans les relations diplomatiques Berkeley: University of California Press ROWAN, Carl (1981) "Why U.S Keeps Falling Behind in World Community." Atlanta Constitution (January 14) Rules of Procedure of the International Military Tribunal (1945) adopted at Nuremburg, October 29,1945 See Rules and RUSSELL, Bertrand (1950) "Logical Positivism." Revue international de philosophic, 4:11, pp 3-19 RUSSELL, Jocelyne G (1992) Diplomats at Work: Three Renaissance Studies Phoenix Mill: Alan Sutton Publishing Limited RUSSELL, Peter (1985) Traducciones y traductores en la Peninsula Iberica (14001550) Bellaterra: Escuela Universitaria de Traductores e Interpretes, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona RUSSELL OF LIVERPOOL, Lord (1958) The Knights of Bushido: A Short History of Japanese War Crimes London: Cassell SALLUSTIUS, Crispus C (1967) The Conspiracy of Catiline and the War of Jugurtha, trans, by Thomas Heywood New York: A.M.S Press SALOMON, Jean-Jacques (1993) "Paul Mantoux et la Revolution industrielle." Les Cahiers d'histoire du CNAM (Conservatoire national des arts et metiers), nos 2-3, pp 121-155 SATOW, Ernest (1920) International Congresses London: H.M Stationery Office SATOW, Ernest (1921) A Diplomat in Japan London: Seeley, Service & Co SATOW, Ernest (1932) A Guide to Diplomatic Practice 3rd ed London: Longmans, Green SAUNDERS, John Joseph (1966) A History of Medieval Islam London: Routledge & Kegan Paul SAVORY, Theodore (1968) The Art of Translation Boston: The Writer SCHARENORT, Louis von (1905) L'interprete militaire Berlin: Verlag A Bath SCHMIDT, Dr Paul (1951) Hitler's Interpreter, edited by R.H Steed New York: Macmillan SCHWARTZ, Hans (1977) "Legal and Administrative Language." Babel, 23:1, pp 19-22 SENN, Alfred Erich (1966) Readings in Russian Political and Diplomatic History Homewood, 111.: Dorsey Press vols 195 INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS SEVERIN, Timothy (1968) Explorers of the Mississippi New York: Alfred A Knopf SHEEAN, Vincent (1947) "An Error in Translation." United Nations World, Sept., pp 28-29 SHENTON, Herbert Newhard (1933) Cosmopolitan Conversation The Language Problems of International Conferences New York: Columbia University Press SHERIF, June L (1975) Careers in Foreign Languages: A Handbook New York: Regents Pub Co SIERRA, Emilio Manuel (1988) "El primer interprete bianco en el Rio de la Plata." Babel 34:3, pp 157-161 SIGNORET, Simone (1978) Nostalgia Isn't What It Used to Be New York: Harper & Row (Translation of La Nostalgic n'est plus ce qu'elle etait Paris: Seuil, 1976.) SKARSTEN, M.O (1964) George Drouillard, Hunter and Interpreter for Lewis and Clark and Fur Trader, 1807-1810 Glendale, Calif.: The Arthur H Clark Co SKUNCKE, Marie-France (1989) "Tout a commence a Nuremberg." Paralleles (Geneve), 11, pp 5-7 SMITH, Walter Bedell (1950) My Three Years in Moscow Philadelphia: J.B Lippincott SMITH, Denis Mack (1968) A History of Sicily: Medieval Sicily 806-1713 New York: Viking Press "Some Earlier Embassies to China" (1935) Peking: The Peiping Chronicle, No 14, July SOUSA, Nasim (1933) The Capitulatory Regime of Turkey: Its History, Origins and Nature Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press SPAULDING, Robert M., Jr (1967) Imperial Japan's Higher Civil Service Examinations Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press SPEER, Percival (1961) India: A Modern History Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press SPIEL, Hilde (ed.) (1968) The Congress of Vienna: An Eyewitness Account, trans, by Richard H Weber Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co STEINER, George (1975) After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation London: Oxford University Press STEINER, T.R (1975) English Translation Theory 1650-1800 Amsterdam: Van Gorcum Press STEINER, Zara S (1969) The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy 1898-1914 Cambridge, Cambridge University Press STELLING-MICHAUD, Sven (1959) "L'Ecole d'interpretes de 1941 a 1956." L'histoire de I'Universite de Geneve, Geneve, Vol IV, pp 317-325 196 WORKS CITED STELLING-MICHAUD, S (1974-1975) "Antoine Velleman: fondateur de 1'Ecole d'Interpretes." L'lnterprete, 30:4 (1974); 31:1 (1975), pp 2-4 STOCKTON, Charles H (1914) Outlines of International Law New York: Scribner's STRABO (1892) The Geography of Strabo, trans, by H.C Hamilton London: Geo Bell & Son STRANG, Lord (1957) The Foreign Office London: George Allen & Unwin STUART, Graham H (1936) American Diplomatic and Consular Practice New York: D Appleton-Century STUART, Graham H (1949) The Department of State: A History of Its Organization, Procedure and Personnel New York: Macmillan SUETONIUS, Tranquillus C (1909) The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, trans, by Alexander Thomson London: Geo Bell & Sons SULTE, Benjamin (1873) "Jean Nicolet." L'Opinion publique, Oct 23: 508; Nov 6: 540; Nov 13: 544 SULTE, Benjamin (1883) "Les interpretes du temps de Champlain." In Royal Society of Canada, Proceedings and Transactions Montreal: Dawson Bros., Section I, pp 53-66 SULTE, Benjamin (1882-1884) Histoire des Canadiens frangais, 1608-1880 Montreal: Wilson vols SULTE, Benjamin (1907) "Etienne Brule." In Royal Society of Canada, Proceedings and Transactions, Section I, pp 97-126 SWEET, Paul R (1941) Friedrich von Gentz Madison: University of Wisconsin Press Reprinted in 1970 by Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn SWIFT, Richard W (1957) "Personnel Problems and the United Nations Secretariat." International Organization, 11:2, pp 228-247 SYKES, Sir Percy (1936) The Quest for Cathay London: A & C Black TAYLOR, Bayard (1937) Letter to Edmond C Stedman (Feb 25,1863) In The Unpublished Letters of Bayard Taylor in the Huntington Library San Marino, Calif.: The Huntington Library TENG, Ssu-yu et al (1967) China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839-1923 New York: Atheneum THASS-THIENEMANN, Theodore (1973) The Interpretation of Language New York: Jason Aronson THAYER, Charies Wheeler (1959) Diplomat New York: Harper & Row THOMAS, Bertram (1966) The Arabs London: Thornton Butterworth THORGEVSKY, Georges (1992) "Souvenirs d'un interprete." Bulletin de I'AIIC, 20:4, pp 23-33 THWAITES, Reuben Gold (1968) France in America, 1497-1763 New York: Cooper Square Publishers 197 INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS TILLEY, Sir John, and Stephen GASELEE (1933) The Foreign Office London: G.P Putnam's Sons TOMA, Peter (1976) "An Operational Machine Translation System." In Richard W Brislin (ed.) Translation: Applications and Research New York: Gardner Press TORRENS, Henry W (1854) A Selection from the Writings, Prose and Poetical, of the Late Henry W Torrens, Esq., edited by James Hume Calcutta: R.C LePage TOYNBEE, Arnold (1973) Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World London: Oxford University Press TREVELYAN, Humphrey (1973) Diplomatic Channels London: Macmillan United Nations U.S DEPARTMENT OF STATE (1856) House of Representatives, 33rd Congress, 2nd Session Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854, Under the Command of Commodore M.C Perry Washington, D.C.: A.O.P Nicholson U.S DEPARTMENT OF STATE (1945) Agreement for the Establishment of an International Military Tribunal, Charter of the International Military Tribunal Washington, D.C.: U.S Gov Printing Office Dept of State Publication, No 2420 U.S DEPARTMENT OF STATE (1946) Trial of Japanese War Criminals Washington, D.C.: U.S Gov Printing Office Dept of State Publication, No 3613 U.S DEPARTMENT OF STATE (1950) Some Facts about the Foreign Service Washington, D.C.: U.S Gov Printing Office VACALOPOULOS, Apostolos E (1976) The Greek Nation, 1453-1669 New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press VAN HOOF, Henri (1962) Theorie et pratique de I'interpretation Munich: Max Hueber Verlag VASSILTCHIKOV, Marie (1987) Berlin Diaries, 1940-1945 New York: Alfred A Knopf VAUGHAN, Dorothy M (1954) Europe and the Turk: A Pattern of Alliances, 1350-1700 Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press VILLARD, Henry Serrano (1969) Affairs at State New York: Thos Y Crowell VILLEHARDOUIN, Geoffroi de, and Jean de JOINVTLLE (1958) Memoirs of the Crusades, trans, by Sir Frank T Marzials New York: E.P Dutton VRYONIS, Speros, Jr (1969-1970) "The Byzantine Legacy and Ottoman Forms." Washington, D.C.: Center for Byzantine Studies (Dumbarton Oaks Paper, Nos 23-24) WALTERS, Vernon (1978) Silent Missions Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday WALWORTH, Arthur (1966) Black Ships Off Japan: The Story of Commodore Perry's Expedition Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books 198 WORKS CITED WARMINGTON, B.H (1960) Carthage London: Robert Hale WASHINGTON, George (1931) The Writings of George Washington: From the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799, edited by John C Fitzpatrick, Washington, D.C.: U.S Gov Printing Office vols WEBSTER, Charles (1963) The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815 New York: Barnes & Noble WEHBERG, Dr Hans (1918) The Problem of an International Court of Justice, trans, by Charles C Fenwick Oxford: Clarendon Press WEINSTEIN, Brian (1976) "Francophonie: A Language-based Movement in World Politics." International Organization, 30:3, pp 485-507 WEST, Rachel (1978) The Department of State on the Eve of the First World War Athens: University of Georgia Press WHEELER-HOLOHAN, V (1935) The History of the King's Messengers New York/London: Grayson & Grayson WHITCOMB, Edward A (1979) Napoleon's Diplomatic Service Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press WHITLEY, A.F (1939) The Tremulous Hero: The Age and Life of Cicero London: Pallas Pub Co WIERUSZOWSKI, Helene (1971) Politics and Culture in Medieval Spain and Italy Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura WILD, Norman (1945) "Materials for the Study of the Ssui-kuan [Bureau of Translators]." In Bulletin of London, 11:3 School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London WILLS, John E., Jr (1968) "Ch'ing Relations with the Dutch, 1662-1690." In John King Fairbank (ed.) (1968), The Chinese World Order, Traditional China's Foreign Relations Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press WILSON, Henry Lane (1927) Diplomatic Episodes in Mexico, Belgium and Chile Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday WILSON, Francis Graham (1934) Labor in the League System: A Study of the International Labor Organization in Relation to International Administration Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press WOLFF, Helen (1973) "Translator and Publisher." Translation, 1:1, pp 25-31 WOLKOMIR, Richard (1980) "A Manic Professor Tries to Close the Language Gap." Smithsonian, 11:2, pp 80-95 WRIGHT, Louis B (ed.) (1965) The Elizabethan's America Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press WRIGHT, Arthur F (1953) Studies in Chinese Thought Chicago: University of Chicago Press WU, Aitchen K (1950) China and the Soviet Union: A Study of Sino-Soviet Relations Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press 199 INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS XENOPHON (1832) The Whole Works ofXenophon, trans, by Ashley Cooper, Spelman, Smith et al London: Jones YNGVE, Victor H (1964) "Implications of Mechanical Translation Research." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, No 108 YOUNG, Alexander (ed.) (1841) Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers of the Colony of Plymouth From 1602 to 1625 Boston: Charles C Little and James Brown YOUNGER, Edward (1955) John A Kasson Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa 200 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com INDEX Arcadius, Emperor, 24 Ariovistus, 18 Aristotle, 17 Arsenius, 142 Artaphernes, 14 Artaxerxes I, King, 10,14 Artaxerxes II, King, 38 Atahualpa, 61,62 Badaglio, Pietro, 163 Baldwin of Flanders, 31,39 Barbarossa, Frederick, 26 Barlow, Joel, 78 Barmine, Alexander, 160,161 Basil II, 25 Basilica, Andrew, 42 Berengar 1,39 Bernard, 32 Bettelheim, Dr., 106 Bevin, Ernest, 167 Biard, Pierre, 63 Bidault, Georges, 132 Bienville, Celeron de, 71 Birse, Arthur Hurbert, VIII, 5,159, 160 Bishlam, 10 Bismarck, Count Otto von, 9,38, 80,141 Blennerhasset, Lady, 124 Abd Al-Malik ibn-Marwan, 28 Abu Zakariya of Tunis, 32 Acosta (s Costa, Mathieu da) Aeschines, 15 Agamemnon, King, 12 Aguilar, Jeronimo de, 59,60 Ahasuerus, 10 Akbar, 113 Akhenaton (s Amenhotep IV) Aldrovandi, Count, 122 Alexander I, Emperor, 53 Alexander of Antioch, 18 Alexander the Great, 11,15-17 Alexius III, 23,39 Alexius the Younger, 39 Ali, Mehemed Hussein, 173 Almagro, Diego de, 62 Amenhotep IV, 38 Amenophis I, Pharaoh, 13 Amherst, General Jeffrey, 69 Andrade, Simao de, 87,119 Andronicus, Regent, 25 Andronikof, Constantin, VIII, 162, 163 Angell, James B., 77 Angelus Isaac (s Isaac II) Antimachus, 12 Antun (s Marcus Aurelius) 201 www.Ebook777.com INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS Bocchus, King, 17 Bodde, Derk, 102 Bohlen, Charles, 155 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 51,53,55, 139 Boniface of Montserrat, 26 Bonner, 44 Boris 1,27 Bowen, Margareta, 131 Bowring, Sir John, 168 Brauns, Dr., 126 Bray III, Charles W., 153 Brereton, John, 66 Briand, Aristide, 161 Brislin, Richard W., 165,167 Brown, Dr S.R., 110 Brule, Etienne, 63 Burnet, William, 67 Busch, Dr Clemens, 45 Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 112 Caccia, Major, 121 Caesar, Julius, 18 Callieres, Francois de, 44 Camerlynck, M, 121,155 Cameron, Nigel, 169 Campbell, Sir George, 117 Canning, George, 56 Caracalla, Emperor, 12 Carter, Jimmy, 166,174 Cartier, Jacques, Carysfoot, Lord, 4,53 Castlereagh, Lord, 51,55 Catherine of Russia, 30 Cato the Elder, 19 Cavelier de La Salle, Sieur ReneRobert, 65 Celerinus, Marcus Ulpius, 22 Cerularius, Michael, 23 Ceur, Jean, 69 Chabert de Joncaire, PhilippeThomas, 69 Chabert de Joncaire de Clausonne, Daniel, 69 Chamberlain, Arthur Neville, 168, 169 Champlain, Samuel de, 5,63 Chang Ch'ien, 84 Charbonneau, Toussaint, 73 Charlemagne, 23 Charles V, Emperor, 61 Chiang Kai-shek, 102 Chicherin, Georgy, 144,161 Ch'i-ying, 94 Choniates, Michael, 24 Chou En-lai, 37 Chrysoloras, Manuel, 29 Churchill, Winston, VIII, 81,159, 160 Ciano, Galeazzo, VIII, 162,164 Cicero, 19,38 Clark, William, 73, 75 Claudel, Paul, 140 Claus, Daniel, 69 Clavell, James, 105 Clay, Cassius, 140 Clemenceau, Georges, 121-123 Clement, Jacobus, 69 Cleopatra, Cohen, Jacob, 35 Cohen, Yahuda, 35 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, Columbus, Christopher, 58 Constantine, Emperor, 23 Constantine (s Cyril) Coolidge, Calvin, 168 Corbett, Sir Vincent, 80 Cortes, Hernan, 5,59-61 Cortes, Martin, 60 Cosimo de' Medici, Duke, 41 Costa, Mathieu da, 62 Coulon de Jumonville, 72 Coulon de Villiers, 72 202 INDEX Fillmore, Millard, 107 Fish, Hamilton, 150 Flavius Josephus, 18 Flisco, Sir Nicolin de, 42 Forsythe, John, 149 Francis 1,54 Francis of Assisi, Saint, 33,39 Francis Xavier, Saint, 103,104 Franco, General, 78 Frederick II of Sicily, 32,35 Frederick William 1,141 French, J.A., 165 Freneau, Philip, 74, 76,149 Fulcher of Chartres, 31,39 Fullbright, William J., 153 Gago, Balthasar, 103 Gama, Vasco da, 112,113 Gandhi, 120 Genet, 76 Gentili, Alberico, 44 Gentz, Friedrich von, V, VIII, 4,5153 George III, 92 George of Antioch, 35 Gerbillion, 90 Gesco, 21 Gierek, Edward, 166 Giovanni of Palermo, 35 Gist, Christopher, 70, 72 Clinton, De Witt, 69 Gluck, 143 Godefroy, Jean-Paul, 64 Godefroy, Thomas, 64 Golitzin, Prince V.V., 143 Golovin, Prince, 90 Gongalvez, Antonio, 80 Gordon-Finlay, Professor, 127 Goring, Hermann, 169 Goyer, Pieter de, 86 Greenhow, Robert, 149 Gregory I, Pope, 24 Crassus, Publius, 19 Criminale, Antonio, 113 Croesus, King, 14 Croghan, George, 69,73 Crutta, Antonio, 49,50 Crutta, Jean, 51 Crutta, Pierre, 50,51 Cyril, 26,27 Cyrus II the Great, 13 Cyrus the Younger, 14,38 Czartoryski, Prince Adam, 53 Daladier, Edouard, 168 Darius II, 12,14,16,38 Davison, 72 Delisle, Jean, Demosthenes, 15 Descorches, 51 Dinwiddie, 71,72 Dollmann, Eugen, VIII, 5,162-164 Dostert, Leon, VHI, 5,128,163,164 Drapery, Giorgio, 47 Drouillard, George, 73 Druon, Maurice, 155 Dudley, Thomas, 67 Duquesne, Abraham, 71,72 Eden, Anthony, 169 Edward VI, 44 Eghuisara (s Montour, Andrew) Eichensieg, Ottokar Putz von, 173 Einosuke, Moriyama, 107,109 Ekvall, Robert B., 100 Elizabeth 1,42 Elphinstone, Lord, 118 Englishman, Sir Percival, Erasmus, 29 Eudoxes, 33 Eugene, Prince, 54 Felipillo, 61,62 Feng Kuei-fen, 85 Ferdinand, Archduke Francis, 173 Filene, Edward A., 127 203 INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS Grew, Joseph C, 79,80 Guaimar IV of Salerno, 34 Guaspare, 113 Guiscard, Roger, 34 Gutzlaff, Karl A., 169 Hadrian II, Pope, 27 Half King, 71-73 Haman, 10 Hamilcar Barca, 21,22 Hankey, Sir Maurice, 122 Hannibal, 20-22,38 Hanno the Great, 22 Harley, Robert, 67 Harris, Townsend, 109,110 Hattusilis III, King, 13 Haugwitz, Graf, 4,53 Hayes, Carlton J., 77, 78 Hayter, William, 99 Heckenwelder, Rev John, 80 Helen of Troy, 12 Henriques, Henrique, 113 Henry VI, Emperor, 35 Henry VIII, 43 Henry of Portugal, Prince, 80 Herbert, Jean, 64,157 Herodotus, 14 Hertel, Jacques, 64 Heusken, Henry, 109,110 Heydrich, Reinhard, 164 Heynes, 44 Hideyoshi, Toyotomi, 104,105 Hiero II, 22 Himmler, Heinrich, 164 Hippias, 15 Hirohito, 166 Hitler, Adolf, VIII, 142,159,162, 164,168-170 Holcombe, Chester, 87,101 Hsu Kwang-tsin, 92 Huang-ti, 84 Humbert, 39 Hunt, Captain, 66 Ibn Al-Birr, 34 Ibn Khurradadhbeh, 31 Ibn-Rahiq, 34 Ides, Ibrant, 90 leyasu, Tokugama, 105 Innocent III, Pope, 39 Isaac H, 26,39 Jackson, Andrew, 149 Jacob, Hans, 161-163,170 James 1,43 Jefferson, Thomas, 74, 76 Jessaume, Rene, 73 Jiang Qing, 37 Jimenez, Gonzalo, 62 John, J Maxwell Brown, 162 John of Damascus, Saint, 33 Johnson, Alexis, 100 Johnson, Nelson Trusler, 98 Johnson, Sir William, 68,69 Joliet, Louis, 65 Joncaire (s Chabert) Jones, Major, 121 Joseph, Joseph, Emperor Franz, 173 Jumonville (s Coulon de) Justinian I, Emperor, 23 Kadri, Syed Shamsuddin, 118,119 Kaminker, Andre, 5,131,167 K'ang Hsi, Emperor, 89 Kasson, John B., 79,151 Katavolenos, Thomas, 29 Kaznacheev, Alexander, 161 Kellogg, Frank B., 150 Kennan, George F., 160 Kerens, Richard C, 79 Keyzer, Jacques de, 86 King Philip (s Metacom) Kollontai, Alexandra, 144 Kosciuszko, 50,51 Krushchev, 167 204 INDEX Manjiro, Makahama, 107 Mantoux, Paul, VIII, 5,121,122, 157,158 Mao, 37 Marco Polo, 84,85 Marcus Aurelius, 84 Marina, Dona, 5,60 Mark Anthony, 18 Markokephalites, Michael, 29 Marquette, Father Jacques, 64, 65 Marsolet, Nicholas, 63 Martin, 61 Martin, John S., 150 Kublai Khan, 84 Kung, Prince, 95,97 Kuo Sung T'ao, 92 Lahontan, Louis- Armand (baron de), 80 Lansing, Robert, 122,158 Lao-Pi, 103 Lascaris, Janus, 29 Lawrence, Thomas, 52 Lee-Jahnke, Hannelore, Lenin, 144,167 Leo I, Emperor, 24 Leo IX, Pope, 23 Lewis, Meriwether, 73, 75 Liang Ch'i-Chao, 97 Lin Tse-su, 92 Lincoln, Abraham, 78,140 Lisa, Manuel, 73 Lisola, Franz Paul von, 42 Liutprand, 24,39 Livy, 20 Ljungstedt, Sir Andrew, 88 Lloyd George, David, 121,122 Longjumeau, Andre de, 33,39 Longobardi, 86 Longueville, Duke of, 54 Louis IX, 39 Louis XII, 54 Louis XIV, 34,54,65,139 Lowell, James Russell, 77 Lu Tien-yang, 101 Lucius III, Pope, 25 Lull, Ramon, 33 Macartney, Lord, 88,91-93 MacDonald, Ramsay, 155 Madariaga, Salvador de, 60 Madison, James, 76 Maggi, Ottaviano, 44 Malinche (s Marina, Dona) Malintzin (s Marina, Dona) Manet, Jean, 64 Massasoit, 66 Mathos, 21 Mavrocordato, 48 McLane, Louis, 149 Meiji, Emperor, 111 Menander, Publicius, 17 Menelaus, 12 Menten, Pieter, 170 Metacom, 66,67 Methodius, 26,27 Metternich, Prince Klemens von, 4, 53 Miantonomah, 67 Michael III, 24,26 Mithredath, 10 Mithrenes, 16 Mitradates the Great, Mohammed, The Prophet, 30-32 Mohammed II, Sultan, 28 Molnar, Ferenc, 168 Molotov, V.M., 132,144,161,167 Monroe, James, 76 Montecorvino, John de, 84 Montezuma, 60 Montour, Andrew, 69 Monts, Sieur de, 63 Morison, 44 Morrison, Dr Robert, 93 205 INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS Mose of Palermo, 35 Mundov, 89 Murray, Dr David, 112 Mursilis II, King, Musa ben Asbagh, 34 Musa Ibn Nusair, 34 Muskie, Edmund, 154 Mussolini, Benito, 164,168 Mustapha, Kara, 46 Musurus, Marcus, 29 Nam II, General, 101 Napier, Lord William John, 93,95, 103 Narragansett, 67 Narvaez, Panfilo de, 58 Nasir-al-Din Muhammad, 39 Neales, Colonel, 111 Nean, Dominus, 92 Nebuchadnezzar, 10 Nero, 17 Nicholas I, Pope, 27 Nicolet, Jean, 64 Nicousios, Panagiotes, 29 Nicusi, Panayoti, 47 Nieuhof, John, 87 Nimori, 171,172 Nixon, Richard M., 166 Nointel, Marquis de, 48 Octavius, C N., 20 Odoacer, 23 Odysseus, 12 Oliver, Robert T, 99 Ompteda, Baron, 53 Ordin-Nastchokin, A.L., 143 Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, 121, 122 Ortiz, Juan, 58,59 Orwell, George, 100 Paget, 44 Paleologus, Theodore, 29 Palmerston, Lord, 57 Pandit, Shankar Pandarang, 118 Passano, Antonio di, 43 Pategyas, 14 Paul, Saint, 27 Paullus, Aemilius, 20 Pepin of Heristal, 30 Pereyra, 90 Perry, Matthew C., 86,106-109 Perseus, King, 20 Peter of Cluny, 33 Peter the Great, 57,90,142-144 Petrov, 89 Pettlin, 89 Philip of Macedonia, 15,16 Pichon, Stephen, 121 Pierce, Franklin, 109 Pigres, 14 Pike, Zebulon, 73, 74 Pintard, M., 74, 76 Pinto, Isaac, 74 Pires, Tome, 87 Piron, Claude,155 Pizarro, Francisco, 61,62 Plutarch, 7,11,15 Poniatowski, King StanilasAuguste, 50 Ponsonby, Lord, 174 Pontius Pilate, 19 Porphyrogenitus, Constantine, 24 Porter, Horace, 78 Portinari, Andrea de, 43 Portman, 106 Poutrincourt, Baron de, 63 Presiam, Khan, 27 Printup, William, 69 Procillus, Valerius, 18 Prodicus, 15 Psamtik II, Pharaoh, 11 Ptolemy VII, 11 Pytho of Byzantium, 15 Ralegh, Sir Walter, 66 206 INDEX Scott, Michael, 35 Seeds, Sir William, 144 Selassie, Haile, 123 Seleskovitch, Danica, VIII, 163 Sertorius, Quintus, 11 Seward, William H., 109 Shakespeare, 115 Shankar (s Pandit) Shingas, 73 Shubbiluliuma I, King, 9,13 Simeon I, Czar, 27 Simon, Sir John, 158,169 Solf, Dr Wilhelm, 45 Solon, 14 Soto, Hernando de, 58,59,61 Spathary, Nicholas Gavrillovitch, 89 Spendius, 21 Spritewell, John, 42 Squanto, 65,66 Stalin, Joseph, VIII, 145,159,160 Standish, Myles, 66 Staunton, George Leonard, 92,93 Staunton, George Thomas, 66,92 Staunton, Joseph, 66 Stephen of Blois, 39 Stephens, D., 36 Stettinius, Edward, 132 Stevens, Arent, 68 Stevens, Wilfred, 150 Stilwell, General, 100 Stresemann, Gustav, 161 Su ko-ti, Prince, 90 Suida, Wilhelm, 52 Sulla, 17 Suniaton, 22 Sweet, Paul R., 52 Szechenyi, Count Laszlo, 168 Tabeel, 10 Talleyrand, Count, 55 Tanacharisson, 71 Rameses II, 13 Ranke, Leopold, 32 Rappard, William, 158 Raymondo, Archbishop, 34 Redcliffe, Stratford de, 46 Reeves, Richard, 154 Revol, Louis de, 139 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 169,170 Ricci, Father Matteo, 85, 86,91 Richard the Lionhearted, 32 Richelieu, Cardinal, 54,139 Richer, Jean, 64 Ripa, Father Matteo, 120 Rittenberg, Sydney, 37 Robinson, Russell Brooke, 110 Rodrigues, Joao, 104,105 Roger II, 35 Roland, Ruth A., 1-5 Romulus Augustulus, 23 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 134 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 77 Root, Elihu, 56 Rossokhin, Hilary, 91 Rousseau, 74 Roux, Nicholas, 26 Sabotic, Zdenko, 173 Sacajawea, VIII, 73,75 Saint-John Perse, 140 Samoset, 65 Sargon, King, 37 Sarmiento de Acufta, Diego, 43 Sassamon, 67 Satow, Sir Ernest, 5,110, 111 Savignon, 63 Schall von Bell, Father Adam, 86, 87,89 Schirach, Baldur von, 164 Schmidt, Dr Paul, 168-170 Schwimmer, 143 Scipio Africanus, 20,38 Scott, Marion K., 112 207 INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS Vasquez de Coronado, Francisco, 58 Verbiest, Father Ferdinand, 89,90 Vespasianus, Titus Flavius, 18 Villiers (s Coulon de) Vladislavitch, Sava Lukich, 90 Voltaire, 143 Wada, Shusuke, 171 Walters, Vernon, V, Wang Ping-nan, 100 Washington, George, 68,70-73,76, 80 Wasoodev, Vinayak, 118 Weiser, Conrad, 69,70 Welles, Stunner, 77 Whitworth, 57 William III, 43 Williams, Roger, 67 Williams, Dr S Wells, 86,106,108 Willibald, Saint, 30 Wilson, Henry Lane, 78, 79 Wilson, Thomas Woodrow, 38,121, 122 Winslow, Edward, 66, 67 Witt, Rev Thomas de, 109 Wu, Emperor, 84 Xenophon, 14-16 Yallishev, 89 Yaroslav, Prince, 28 Yeh Meng-chin, 92 Yung Lo, Admiral, 85 Zayd Ibn-Thabit, 31 Zenzaburo, Nishi, 106 Tao-Kouong, 95 Tardif, Olivier le, 64 Tatsunosuke, Hori, 107 Taylor, Bayard, 78,140 Taylor, George, 74 Theban, 15 Theodosius I, 23 Theodosius II, 23 Thirlby, 44 Thomas, Henry L., 150 Tiberius, 20 Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 119,120 Timesitheus, 16 Tiridates, King, 17 Tisquantum (s Squanto) Tito, Marshal, 167 Titurius, Quintus, 18 Tokushumo, Hatshisuko, 107 Tonkin, Humphrey, 155 Torcy, 139 Torres, Luis de, 58 Trotsky, Leon, 161 Troyanovsky, Oleg, 146,167 Tupac Amaru 1,62 Tuscus, Leo, 25 Tzetzes, 23 Vaca, Cabeza de, 58 Valerius Maximus, 20 Valignano, Alexandra, 104 Valverde, Father Vincente de, 61 Van Braam, 72,74,80 Vanderbilt, Gladys, 168 Vashti, Queen, 10 208 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA PRESS Perspectives on Translation Series Edited by Jean Delisle The Perspectives on Translation series consists of works that analyze translation from a theoretical or practical point of view In addition to the history, methodology, and theory, the series covers lexicology, terminology, interpretation Textbooks for students as well as for professional translators and interpreters can be found in the Didactics of Translation series Both series welcome manuscripts written in either English or French Advisory committee: Jean Delisle, Series Director, University of Ottawa Marie-Christine Aubin, College universitaire de Saint-Boniface Annie Brisset, University of Ottawa Monique C Cormier, Universite de Montreal Luise von Flotow, University of Ottawa Daniel Simeoni, McMaster University Lawrence Venuti, Temple University (Philadelphia) Agnes Whitfield, York University In the same series: Jean Delisle and Judith Woodsworth, Les Traducteurs dans I'histoire, 1995 Clara Foz, Le Traducteur, I'Eglise et le Roi, 1998 Francesca Gaiba, The Origins of Simultaneous Interpretation: The Nuremberg Trial, 1998 Jean Delisle and Hannelore Lee-Jahnke (eds.), Enseignement de la traduction et traduction dans I'enseignement, 1998 In the Didactics of Translation series: Jean Delisle, La Traduction raisonnee Manuel d'initiation a la traduction professionnelle de I'anglais vers lefrangais, 1993 Jean Delisle, La Traduction raisonnee Livre du maitre, 1993 Allison Beeby Lonsdale, Teaching Translation from Spanish to English, 1996 209 www.Ebook777.com ... of Interpreters as Diplomats is that it is the only work to give an overview of other works by interpreters from antiquity to the introduction of a new inter1 www.Ebook777.com INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS. .. and interpreter Paul Mantoux 122 The Nuremberg Trial Booth of the interpreters 129 Leon Dostert 131 Sir Winston Churchill, interpreter Arthur Hurbert Birse and Joseph Stalin 159 Adolf Hitler, interpreter. .. ==> www.Ebook777.com INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS www.Ebook777.com This page intentionally left blank PERSPECTIVES ON TRANSLATION Series Director: Jean Delisle INTERPRETERS AS DIPLOMATS A Diplomatic