Kiểm toán căn bản lập kế hoạch kiểm toán english version

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Kiểm toán căn bản lập kế hoạch kiểm toán english version

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Kiểm toán căn bản (tiếng anh) Bài tập lớn về lập kế hoạch kiểm toán Kế hoạch kiểm toán là gì? Ý nghĩa, vai trò của lập kế hoạch kiểm toán. Các bước lập kế hoạch kiểm toán Thực tiễn của việc lập kế hoạch kiểm toán

Part 1: rationale In the framework of the basic audit subject, our study is an overview of the planning for an audit, not only focusing on planning the audit of the financial audit, but also refers to the audit plan for the audit subjects of internal audit and audit of state I Concepts audit plan is an arranged or planned systematic way on the audit plan to to verify and express opinions on the status of the auditted  Standard No 300 audit plan (issued under Decision No 143/2001 / QD-BTC) December 21, 2001 of the Ministry of Finance) provides that audit plan must be established for every audit Audit plan must be set appropriately to ensure that it covers the materiality aspects of the audit; fraud, risks and potential problems detection, ; and ensure thataudits are completed on time Audit plan help auditors in assignment for audit assistants and coordination with auditors and other experts on the audit Therefore, the audit planning is a positive balance process between needs and resources available, in this overall audit plan called strategic planning II Purpose and Significance To assist the auditors to identify and take appropriate attention to important areas of the audit, so that auditors can gather audit evidence, sufficient and valid as a basis to make comments relevant to the audit objectives As a result, these help auditors limit errors, reduce liability and improve work efficiency • Planning the audit helps auditors effectively coordinate with each other as well as with the relevant parts, which makes the cost of an audit at a reasonable level • Assist in the selection of the team members involved with suitable level of ability and competence to meet the expectations of risk and liability allocation among group members • Facilitating the direction and supervision of team participation members and evaluate their work Conclusion: Planning the audit properly is the basis for the auditor to collect valuable evidence contributing to make relevant comments on the status of audit activities, maintain and enhance the reputation and images of auditors III The basic work to plan the audit Planning an audit is the specification of audit objectives and scope of audit as well as quantificationof the scale and timing of the audit, respectively To balance between needs and resources, the determination needs to be done mainly by specifying the objectives and scope of the expected audit Specifying this should in the first define the specific work to be done and on that basis to quantify the scale used to determine the time and the corresponding audit (quantitative) To achieve both processes, it is necessary not only to specify and correctify objectives and scope of the audit, but also identify possible sources of information Based on a review of the above relationships, it is necessary to calculate the number of people, vehicles and duration to perform audit work The number of participants in the audit should be considered in terms of the total number of people and structures.Total number of people must be commensurate with the scale of audit in general The structure of the working groups must adapt to the specific work Whose goals and scope have been correctified accurately, in the part of determining the needs Example 1: Choosing sample check certificate needs auditors who are experienced and know the tax laws cleary, understand cleary about the object of audits to assess which operating section may contains many risks Then the auditor will guide assistant to check bill specifically about the content on the bill such as the total value of goods and services, tax and total amount, invoice number Example 2: the inventory should include enough personel who have knowledge of specific subjects of the inventory such as food , food, petroleum, textiles Therefore, the task of planning the audit is to determine the specific amount,structure, quality of personel and the means corresponding to the volume of audit tasks Similarly, the time limit for implementation of the audit should set specific time limits for both common as well as necessary deadlines and time of each specific job assigned to each person On the basis of the specific calculations of the number of people, means, time, the audit should determine thefunding needed for each audit This work should need particular attention of the independent auditors in relation to the customer Planning of each audit must also be built to suit each type of audit According to the provisions of Article 36 "type of audit" of the Law on State Audit audit forms include: + Audit of Financial Statements; + Compliance Audit; + Audit activities Typically, independent auditors often audit of financial statements, audit state is auditing link between the financial statement audit and but compliance audit is still mainly, internal audit focused on activity- efficiency and performance Note: In the independent audit, the audit plan should be specified through the audit contract, which stipulates the responsibilities and rights of each party both in the preparation and implementation of audit plan Part II) planning the audit of the financial audit Legal basis: - Vietnam Standards on Auditing (VSA) – Standard 300audit plan, standard 220, standards 400 and 240… - widely recognized Auditing Standards GAAS - ISA Knowledge To ensure the efficiency, economy and effectiveness of each audit, as well as to collect sufficient and valuable audit evidence as a basis for the auditor's conclusions about the truthfullness and fairness of data on the financial statements, audits are usually conducted in accordance with the following three phases: +, complete audit and publish the audit report planingand completingaudit publishtheaudit designingaudit plan report methods • Map: planning and designing audit methods Prepare audit plan Plan an overall audit and compose audit program Accumulate basc information Accumulate liability info of customer Assess essentials, risks of audit Find out internal control statics planning the audit is the first phase that the auditor needs to perform in each audit to create the legal conditions as well as other necessary conditions for the audit The audit plan has been clearly stated in the current Auditing Standards Standard in 10 widely recognized Auditing Standards (GAAS) requires audit work must be fully planned and assistants, if any, must be properly supervised Section in 300 International Standards on Audit(ISA) also stated clearly that auditors need to plan for the audit in order to ensure that audit were carried out effectively  Scope of audit plans varies according to scope of the client, the complexity of the audit, experience and understanding of the auditors of the audited unit and its operations  When planning the audit, the auditor must understand the operation of the unit being audited to identify the events, transactions that may critically affect the financial statements  auditors and audit firms are responsible for planning the audit To schedule an audit, the auditor has the right to discuss with the internal auditors, directors and employees of the audited entity on matters relating to the audit plan and audit procedures to improve the efficiency of the audit and coordinate the work with the staff of the audited units  audit plan consists of three (3) parts: - Strategic Plan; - The overall audit plan; - Audit program Strategic Planning The strategic plan must be set for the audits of large in scale, complexity, large area or financial statements for many years The large-scale audit is an audit of financial statements synthesis (or the consolidated financial statements) of the Corporation, under which are many companies and units of the same type or different types of business A complex-nature audit is that has signs of disputes, litigation or new activities that auditors and audit firms not have much experience A wide-area audit is of the audit unit that has many subordinate units located in different provinces, different cities, including overseas branches Audit of financial statements for years is that the audit firm contracted auditors for several consecutive financial years, ie in year 2000 contract audits in 2000, 2001 and 2002 signed must also be strategic planned to guide and coordinate the audit between years At the request of its management, audit firms can establish a strategic plan for the audit which does not have the characteristics of provisions from section 13 to section 17 The Strategic Plan outlines the objectives, basic navigation, focusing content, approach method and process audit (See Appendix 01) Strategic Plan is established by the person in charge of the audit and is approved by the director (or head) company auditor Strategic planning is the basis of planning the overall audit, is the basis of the implementation and review of the results of the audit Strategic Plan was established as a separate document or form a separate part of the overall audit plan Planning overall audit 10 The overall audit plan must be established for all audits, which describes the expected range and how to conduct the audit The overall audit plan must be fully, detailed as the basis for the audit program The form and content of the overall audit plan will vary according to the scale of the client, the complexity of the audit, specific audit methods and techniques by auditors use 11 The main problem that auditors need to review and present of the overall audit plan, including: Understanding the operation of the unit to be audited: - Knowledge of economy and general characteristics of the business areas that affect the audited units; - The basic characteristics of customers, such as field operations, financial results and the obligation to provide information including changes from previous audits; - Management capacity of the Board of Directors Understanding of accounting systems and internal control systems: - The accounting policies that the audited units used and the changes in those policies; - The impact of new policies on accounting and auditing; - Understanding of the auditors on accounting systems and internal control system and the important points that the auditor intend to carry out in controlled trials Risk assessment and critical level: - Assess the potential risks, control risks and identify materiality audit areas; - Identify the materiality objectives for each audit; - The possibility of critical misstatement according to experience of previous years and drawn from the fraud and common errors; - Identify complex accounting business and event, including accounting estimates The contents, schedule and scope of audit procedures: - The changing materiality of the audit area; - The impact of information technology on the audit; the initial risk of fraudulent reporting of financial information • Liaise with potential auditors for: For potential customers: - If the customer previously audited by an auditor other new auditors (successor) to proactively communicate with old auditor (predecessor) since this is the first source of information to evaluate goods VAS requires successor to contact predecessor for potential liability issues related to the successor decision to accept the contract audit, including information on the integrity of the board , the disagreement between the board with its predecessor auditors on accounting principles, auditing procedures or other important issues - For customers who have not previously had public auditing firm to audit, to have the information about customers, auditors can accquire the information obtained through the study of books, journals, verification of the information about coming clients as banking, legal advice, - For old customers: Every year, auditors update customer information and assess whether there is any risk that auditors must stop providing services to them or not - The final consideration but the most important evaluation whether auditors accept or not is the client ‘s audit ability Identify the reason for the audit of the client: The materiality of identifying the reasons of guesr company audit is the determination of whom using the financial statements and their purpose of using the reports To that, auditors can live interview board customers (for new customers) or based on the experience of the audit that has been done before (for existing customers) The determination of financial statement users and uses of their reports are the two main factors affecting the amount of evidence to be collected and the accuracy of the opinion that the auditors made in the audit report Specifically, if the financial statements should be widely used, the level of honesty, rationality of the information in the financial statements required to be higher Therefore, the amount of audit evidence to be collected as well as the scale and complexity of the audit will be increased Example: In Vietnam today, Circular No 22 (dated 03/19/1994) of the Ministry of Finance guiding the implementation of regulations on independent audit in the national economy Accordingly: - The public company listed on the Stock Exchange in the financial statements must be audited and public companies must submit financial statements together with the audit report to the authorities as the Department's total - Audit before equitization, audit before dissolution, bankruptcy or merger Thus, through the identification of customer audit by the audit firm to estimate the scale complexity of the audit should be carried out from which creates favorable conditions for the selection of staff appropriate to perform an audit in the next step in the planning stage audit Choosing a staff audit Selecting appropriate audit staff for contract not only achieves the effectiveness of the audit but also adhere to the GAAS The first GAA states the audit process must be carried out by one or more people have been trained as a fully proficient auditor The selection was carried out on the request of number of people, skills and required technical expertise and often by the company's board of directors direct audit (audit team usually has one or two assistants audit, a high-end auditor, a leader audit) In the process of selecting staff, audit firms should care about three issues: First, the audit team who have the ability to adequately supervise the inexperienced staff in the field and this is also the first standard for the audit client requires Secondly, the audit firm should avoid changing auditors in the audit for a customer for many years Participation in audit for a customer for many years can help auditors accumulated experience and have a deep understanding of the business of the client being audited Third: the assignment of auditors perform the audit to note the choice of experienced auditors with knowledge of customer business sector Contract Auditing: Once you have decided to accept audits for clients and consider the above issues, the final step in preparing the audit period that the auditor must reach is a contract audits This is a formal agreement between the auditor and the client on the implementation of audit and other related services Overseas appointment audit letter by auditors often compose and sent to the client, if the client accepts the terms of the contract, they will sign the contract and return the signed copy to the audit firm in VN, audit firms and customers often encounter directly, agreements and contracts signed a contract audit In VN, according to VAS 210, the contract must be audited and signed before the official audit conducted in order to protect the interests of clients and the firm In some cases audit contracts can be replaced with written commitment The content of the audit contract:  The purpose and scope of the audit  Liability Company Board of Directors and auditors customers  Form of notification of audit results  Time conduct audits  Based the audit fees charged and payments  Identify that auditors are not responsible for errors due to the nature and inherent limitations of the accounting system, internal control and audit Step 2: Gather basic information After signing the audit planning the overall audit contract, auditors began a) Find out trades and business of customers VAS No 300 requires auditors to learn trades and business activities of customers in section of IAS No310 led: to achieve financial statements, auditors must have knowledge of the business situation enough to realize and determine the facts, and business practices of the audited units that auditors can review important impact to the financial statements, The understanding of the business including the common understanding of the economy, the activities of units and more specific understanding of the organization and operation of the unit audits AUDITORS also understand the unique aspects of a particular organization as follows: organizational structure, chain and manufacturing services, capital structure, function and location of the internal audit b) Review the results of previous audits and general audit records The prior year audit records often contain a lot of customer information, for business, organizational structure and other operational characteristics Through this audit will find useful information on business of customers c) Visit the workshop/factory A tour of the factory, direct observation of production and business activities of customers will give auditors things firsthand the production process of the client company d) Identify the stakeholders: Auditors may be of interest to the presence of stakeholders on two aspects: All business important transactions are for full disclosure All transactions between customers and stakeholders are recorded to reflect the economic substance rather than the form to reflect the economics of the business e) expect demand for external expertise: ISA No620, Using the Work of an Expert, auditors’ guide when to use material from external experts When using experts, auditors should assess professional competence, understanding the purpose and scope of their work Step 3: Gather information about the legal obligations of the Customer  establishment licenses and companies regulations  The financial statements, audit reports of inspection or examination of the current year or a few years ago  The minutes of the meeting of shareholders, the Board of Directors and Management  The contracts and important commitments Step 4: Perform analytical procedures According 520- VSA analysis procedures - auditors have conducted the analysis procedures when planning and checking the validity of the entire FS Objectives: 1) Gather knowledge of the content of the financial statements and the significant changes in accounting and business customers just happened since the previous audit 2) To enhance the understanding of the business AUDITORS customers and help identify the problem AUDITORS doubts about the possibility of continuous operation of the client company The analytical procedures used AUDITORS two basic types:  horizontal analysis: analysis is based on comparing the values of the same indicators FS  analysis along: that the analysis is based on comparison of the proportion of targets and various items in the financial statements Step 5: REVIEW AND MATERIALITY RISKS GIATINH If in the above steps, AUDITORS only collect anonymous information about customers, the objective at this stage, AUDITORS will be based on information collected to assess, review in order to provide a strategic , audit plan accordingly Assessing the materiality: During the planning stage, AUDITORS to assess critically to estimate the level of financial reporting errors acceptable, define the scope of the audit and assess the impact of the errors on the financial statements for thereby determining the nature, timing and scope of the total test in this review, auditors should assess the materiality to the entire financial reporting and the allocation of the assessment for each item in the financial statements These errors may be acceptable to the entire financial statements: Initial estimates of the level of materiality and the maximum that the auditors believe that the financial statements may be wrong but still not affect the decisions of users or in other words it is possible acceptable errors to the entire financial statements The original estimate for the materiality helps auditors plan to collect appropriate audit evidence Meaning: the original estimate of materiality is an anonymous work of AUDITORS professional judgment Therefore, the initial estimate for the critical is not stable but changeable Note: -this is a materiality concept of relative rather than an absolute object, associated with the scale of the client company quantitative element of materiality: the scale of errors is an important factor to consider whether there are factors that have significant flaws or not, due to relativity so the base to get the determine whether a violation of a scale that has the materiality or not is a necessity - Qualitative factors of significant: in fact to evaluate the critical flaws or not, auditors should review the terms of value (quantity) and nature (nature)  The quality factors should be considered when conducting the initial estimate of materiality: - The fraud is often seen as more important than the mistake with a monetary scale - The errors which are small but causes domino effect that adversely affect the information on the financial statements are considered misstatement - These errors that affect the income are always misstatement The table provides for the materiality Vị trí khoản mục Khơng trọng yếu Có thể trọng yếu Chắc chắn trọng yếu Báo cáo kết kinh doanh Bảng cân đối kế toán Dưới 5% lãi trước thuế Từ 5% -10% lãi trước thuế Từ 10%-15% giá trị tài sản Trên 10% lãi trước thuế Dưới 10% giá trị tài sản Trên 15% giá trị tài sản Allocation of initial estimates of materiality for the items: After AUDITORS had originally estimated for the materiality to the entire financial statements, auditors need to distribute a quantity for each item in the financial statements That is an acceptable misstatement for each item The purpose of this allocation is to help auditors determine the amount of audit evidence relevant to the income of each item at the lowest cost possible while ensuring sum of errors on the financial statements RISK ASSESSMENT On the basis of materiality is determined for the entire financial reporting and allocation for each item, auditors should assess the likelihood of material misstatement at the financial statement level of the whole as well as for each item to serve designing audit procedures and program development for each item.this work is called risk audit assessment By definition of international auditing guidelines IAG 25, Materiality and audit risk, audit risk is the risk that AUDITORS can make when making unwarranted comments on the financial information That is the main and serious flaws Audit Risk Assessment: During the planning stage of the audit desire (DAR) for each item, the risk level is determined depends on two factors: degree to which external users are confident in financial report capacity to meet customer financial difficulties after the financial audit report published Auditors should evaluate the following three types of risk: Inherent risks (potential) is a suspicion that the account balance in a professional account any errors that may occur assuming that there is no one-step internal control relevant Risks relating to the operations and business lines of customers The influencing factors: The nature of business of the customer Truthfulness of the Board of Directors The results of previous audits Contract Audit Audit times dauva long-term contract The economic transactions irregular The accounting estimates The amount of the account balance Risk control: This type of risk is related to the weakness of the system of internal control Risk control is the possibility of material misstatement due to the internal control system of the customer unit is not working or not working effectively Therefore, did not detect and prevent violations of this The risk of detection: the possibility of errors or fraud, but not be prevented or detected by the system of internal control and not be detected by the method of audit In the course of audit detection risk may be due to the following factors: The audit inappropriate steps Discovered evidence but are not aware of errors Absolutely no errors detected by the collusion AUDIT RISK MODEL The relationship between potential risk, control risk, risks associated with audit risk is reflected in the audit risk model: DAR = IR * CR * DR DR = DAR / (IR * CR) DAR: audit risk IR: Risk Money Museum CR: Risk Control DR: risk detection The type of audit risk can be assessed by specific numbers or percentages according to assess generalization according to qualitative factors such as low, medium, high Step 6: Look at the internal control system of the client and assess control risk Research the internal control system (KSNB) customer and control risk assessment is a crucial part of the auditors to perform and are defined in the qualification standards as well as international GaAs 400 (IAS 400) and VAS 400, risk assessment and KSNB Design audit program Audit program The audit is expected to be a detail audit , completion time and the division of labor between the auditors as well as expected on the materials and information related to use and collect Audit program helps: Arrange a plan of work and human resources to ensure coordination It is a means for audit managers manage and supervise audits by identifying the steps of work remains to be done Evidence to prove the audit procedures performed PROCESS DESIGN PROGRAM AUDIT The audit of most audits are designed into parts: test work, test analysis and test directly the balance The design of these types of audit tests on all four content: determining audit procedures, the sample scale selected item is selected and the time taken Design and test work: -the audit procedures: designing audit procedures of routine testing methodology to follow four steps - Scale sampling appropriate item is selected duration of implementation DESIGN OF TEST ANALYSIS The analytical tests is designed to evaluate the reasonability of the overall account balance Based on the results of the performance tests that analysis, AUDITORS will decide to expand or narrow the direct test of balance Design test directly the balance The design of the test directly the balance for each item in the financial statements was carried out according to the method: Đánh giá tính trọng yếu, rủi ro cố hữu với khoản mục kiểm toán đánh giá rủi ro kiểmsoát chu kỳ kiểmtốn kiểmtóan Thiết kế dự đốn kết trắc nghiệmcơng việc trắc nghiệmphân tích Thiết kế trắc nghiệm trực tiếp số dư tài khoản mục xét để thỏa mãn mục tiêu kiểm toán đặc thù:-các thủ tục kiểm toán -các quy mô chọn mẫu -khoản mục chọn -thời gian thực ... yếu, rủi ro cố hữu với khoản mục kiểm toán đánh giá rủi ro kiểmsoát chu kỳ kiểmtoán kiểmtóan Thiết kế dự đốn kết trắc nghiệmcơng việc trắc nghiệmphân tích Thiết kế trắc nghiệm trực tiếp số dư tài... materiality Vị trí khoản mục Khơng trọng yếu Có thể trọng yếu Chắc chắn trọng yếu Báo cáo kết kinh doanh Bảng cân đối kế toán Dưới 5% lãi trước thuế Từ 5% -10% lãi trước thuế Từ 10%-15% giá trị tài sản... tích Thiết kế trắc nghiệm trực tiếp số dư tài khoản mục xét để thỏa mãn mục tiêu kiểm toán đặc thù:-các thủ tục kiểm toán -các quy mô chọn mẫu -khoản mục chọn -thời gian thực

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