SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES PART ONE: SHIPBOARD PRACTICE PART TWO: SHIP HANDLING D J HOUSE Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing OXFORD BOSTON MELBOURNE JOHANNESBURG NEW DELHI SINGAPORE First published as two volumes 1987 Volume I first published as paperback Volume first published as paperback Single volume edition 1994 Reprinted 1995, 1997, 1998 © 1989 1990 D J House 1987, 1994 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England WIP 9HE Application for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data House, DJ Seamanship I Title 623.88 Techniques - New ed ISBI\ 7506 2203 Printed and bound in Great Britain , Ltd PART ONE SHIPBOARD PRACTICE Preface Acknowledgments List of plates List of tables L xi xii xiii xiv THE SHIP Introduction Terms and definitions Terms and definitions concerning stability Varieties of ship Plate and construction terms Main structural members - compensating stress factors affecting vessel Stresses in ship structures Loadlines I I 6 19 20 22 ANCHOR WORK Anchors Tests on anchors Marks on anchors Anchor certificate Chain cable tests Notes on cable Kenter lugless joining shackle '0' lugged joining shackle Securing and stowage of anchors Securing anchor and cable Steam windlass operation Preparing anchor for 'letting go' Cable holders Procedure for coming to anchor Clearing away anchors # 25 27 29 29 29 30 31 32 33 34 34 34 37 37 40 Contents to Part One viii Anchor terminology Watch at anchor Deep water anchoring Laying/carrying out anchors Clearing a foul hawse To weigh anchor by deck tackle Anchor recovery - loss of windlass power Hanging off an anchor Lost anchor and re-securing of spare anchor Mooring anchors ROPEWORK Natural fibre ropes Lay of rope Small stuff Synthetic fibre ropes Bends and hitches Working aloft and overside Seizings Ropework and cordage tools Worming, parcelling and serving Cordage splice Whippings Marrying two ropes together To pass a stopper Breaking out mooring rope WIREWORK AND RIGGING Steel wire rope Steel wire rope rigging Rigging fitments Wire splicing Stowage of wire hawsers Safe handling procedures for wire rope Mousing a hook or shackle pin Blocks - care and maintenance Blocks and tackles LIFTING GEAR Derricks Union purchase Safe handling practice for derricks Hallen universal derrick Hallen container derrick Velie shipshape crane Heavy lift procedures Cranes Cranes and derricks - advantages and disadvantages , Contents to Part One ••• Derrick tests and surveys Rigging of sheer legs Rigging of gyn Calculating stresses in derricks by empirical formula 124 124 126 126 CARGO AND HATCHWORK Conventional hatch Conventional hold Single pull steel hatch cover General cargo terminology Duties of junior cargo officer Hold preparation Stowage methods Cargo handling Ventilation Refrigerated cargoes Carriage of goods in deep tanks Container tonnage Roll on - roll off system Cargo plans 141 144 145 151 152 153 154 155 157 158 160 161 162 163 7_ BOA TWORK Parts of the lifeboat Types of wood construction Boat fitments Totally enclosed survival craft Boat rigging Launching procedure Taking boat away from ship's side Boat recovery in heavy weather Beaching lifeboat Boat handling and safe procedures Markings on sails Sail theory Sail terminology # CRAFT AND PRACTICE Whittaker survival system Inflatable life raft Life raft equipment Launching inflatable life raft Boarding raft The davit launched life raft Abandoning ship RFD marine escape system Righting capsized life raft Beaching life raft Setting up emergency transmitter in inflatable life raft 165 170 171 178 185 189 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 I- SURVIVAL 202 202 206 208 209 211 218 221 223 224 240 - x Contents to Part One Setting up emergency transmitter in rigid hull lifeboat Operating emergency transmitter COMMUNICATIONS Methods employed in marine industry Flag signalling terms Single letter meanings - International Code of Signals Signalling by International Code flags Important two-letter signals Sample messages employing International Code of Signals Flag maintenance Wearing of ensigns Morse code procedure - signalling by flashlight Morse code regular procedural signals Morse code signalling by hand flags or arms Appendix: Seaman's self-examiner Efficient deck hand examination Certificate of Proficiency in Survival Craft I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to the following for their assistance in supplying diagrams, photographs and information relevant to this work: I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Beaufort Air-Sea Equipment Ltd Bruce Anchor Ltd Bruntons (Mussel burgh) Ltd British Ropes Ltd Dunlop Ltd General Council of British Shipping jMNTB NEI Clarke Chapman Ltd, Clarke Chapman Marine The Motor Ship (published by IPC Industrial Press Ltd) E & FN Spon Ltd for references from Cargo Access Equipment Stanford Maritime Ltd for references from The Apprentice and HIS Ship (Charles H Cotter) James Robertson & Sons, Fleetwood HMSO - British Crown Copyright Reserved R.FD Inflatables Ltd The Welin Davit & Engineering Company Ltd Macgregor & Co (Naval Architects) Ltd Watercraft Ltd - Survival Craft Division Whittaker Corporation - Survival Systems Division The Solid Swivel Company Ltd Elkem a/s Stalog Tau The Nautical College, Fleetwood - Lancashire Education Committee Additional artwork by A Benniston Creative Ropework (published by G Bell & Sons Ltd) by Stuart E Grainger S I 18 II U D I• IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Roll on - roll off ferry Modern tanker Passenger/car ferry Hydraulic windlass Pneumatic windlass Single barrel hydraulic mooring winch Double barrel anchor-handling/towing winch Hydraulic capstans Anchor a-cockbill Bruce (mooring) anchor Gooseneck and derrick heel block arrangement Union purchase Velie crane Heavy lift derrick Deck crane Conventional hatch Booby hatch access to hqld Single pull Macgregor steel hatch Steel hatch cover Chain pull sted hatch covers Rack and pinion horizontally stowed steel hatch covers Hydraulic folding Macgregor steel hatch covers Open hatchway and cargo Open boat in gravity davits GRP lifeboat 10 10 11 3S 3S 36 36 37 40 56 106 108 116 118 122 141 143 148 148 148 149 149 149 168 169 ... addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data House, DJ Seamanship I Title 623.88 Techniques - New ed ISBI 7506 2203 Printed and bound in Great Britain , Ltd PART ONE... intercostals to reduce the weight content of the ship's build and to provide access to tank areas 18 Seamanship Techniques Longitudinal A fore and aft strength member connecting the athwartships floors... realise how their characters have been influenced by the independent nature of their employment Seamanship and the ships themselves have created the spirit of adventure that turned such men as