WORLD OF ART EIGHTH EDITION CHAPTER 10 Printmaking World of Art, Eighth Edition Henry M Sayre Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc or its affiliates All rights reserved Learning Objectives of Define what a print is and discuss its earliest uses Characterize relief processes in printmaking Characterize intaglio processes in printmaking Describe the lithographic process and its invention Learning Objectives of Describe the silkscreen process Differentiate monotypes from other kinds of print Introduction • A print is an image printed from an engraved plate, wooden block, or similar surface • After the death of her cat, Kiki Smith developed a print in various states, or stages, until it was finished • Prints allow artists to investigate the meaning of mechanically reproduced imagery Kiki Smith, Ginzer and Bird Skeleton 2000 Set of two prints, aquatint, drypoint, and etching on Hahnemühle bright white paper; Ginzer: paper size 22-1⁄12 × 31", image size 18 × 24"; Bird Skeleton: paper size Kiki Smith, Bird Skeleton 2000 Print, aquatint, drypoint, and etching on Hahnemühle bright white paper, paper size 12 × 12", image size × 6" Edition of 24 Courtesy of the artist and Harlan & Weaver, New York [Fig 10-1b] The Print and its Earliest Uses of • In printmaking, the process creates an impression of an image that has been transferred through pressure onto paper from a matrix, or the surface onto which the design has been created • Multiple impressions from the same matrix are called an edition The Print and its Earliest Uses of • Artists often reserve a small number of additional proofs or trial impressions for personal use • The world's earliest known printed book, the Diamond Sutra, was found in Dunhuang, China Images were originally intended to be mass produced and distributed despite only one surviving work Frontispiece, Diamond Sutra, from Cave 17, Dunhuang Printed in the ninth year of the Xiantong Era of the Tang dynasty, 868 CE Ink on paper, woodblock handscroll British Library © British Library Board, Or 8210/P.2, frontispiece and text [Fig 10-2] The Print and its Earliest Uses of • Before paper was used widespread, pictorial designs were still printed onto fabric • When the Gutenberg press was invented between 1435 and 1455, printmaking soon followed The Forty-Two Line Bible featured colorful painted designs in the marginalia and capitals Lithography of • Honoré Daumier used lithography to depict current events Rue Transnonain directly reports the murder of citizens of 12 rue Transnonain in April 1834 Foreshortening draws the viewer into the horrific scene Honoré Daumier, Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834 1834 Lithograph, 11-1/2 × 17-5/8" The Art Institute of Chicago Rosenwald Collection, 1943.3.2957 Photo © Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C [Fig 10-26] Lithography of • The Universal Limited Art Editions (ULAE) was established in 1957, and among the first artists to print there was Jim Dine Lithographs representing toothbrushes recall his childhood Dine draws directly onto the stone with tusche, a greasing liquid that allows for blotching Jim Dine, Toothbrushes #4 1962 Lithograph, image (irregular) 13-7⁄16 × 13-7⁄16", sheet 25-1/4 × 19-15⁄16" Museum of Modern Art, New York Silkscreen Printing of • Formally known as serigraphs, no heavy machinery is needed to create prints • Principles are similar to those required for stenciling In proper technique, shapes are not cut out but glue is painted in areas where the artist does not want ink to pass through Silkscreen Printing of • Serigraphy is the newest form of printmaking • Enter the Rice Cooker by Roger Shimomura addresses the tension between American and Japanese cultures It addresses racial and sexual stereotypes, parodying the ukiyo-e tradition Roger Shimomura, Enter the Rice Cooker 1994 Color screenprint on Saunders 410 gram HP, image 36 × 41" Edition of 170 Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas Gift of the artist, 2005.0072 [Fig 10-28] Monotypes of • Monotypes use a plate and press in the making of a unique image that can never be reproduced exactly • Artists use printer's ink or paints that are transferred to paper via pressure • Foreground elements must be painted first, as the top layer of paint becomes the bottom layer when printed Monotypes of • Maurice Prendergast created many monotypes by using a large spoon to apply pressure The Picnic reveals brushwork in its atmospheric haze Characteristic subjects were young wellto-do women in landscape settings Maurice Prendergast, The Picnic 1895–97 Monotype, 81-5⁄16 × 51-3⁄16" San Diego Museum of Art San Diego Museum of Art, USA/Museum purchase/Bridgeman Images [Fig 10-29] The Critical Process Thinking about Printmaking • Warhol's many portraits of Marilyn Monroe depicted her in garish colors • Later works by Warhol depicting endangered species like San Francisco Silverspot can be compared in the context of cultural commentary Andy Warhol, Marilyn Monroe 1967 Silkscreen print, 37-1/2 × 37-1/2" Chazen Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin– Madison Andy Warhol, San Francisco Silverspot, from the series Endangered Species 1983 Screenprint, 38 × 38" Courtesy of Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York Photo: Dr James Dee © 2015 Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York Thinking Back of Define what a print is and discuss its earliest uses Characterize relief processes in printmaking Characterize intaglio processes in printmaking Describe the lithographic process and its invention Thinking Back of Describe the silkscreen process Differentiate monotypes from other kinds of print ... Nuremberg Chronicle: View of Venice 12 July 1493 Woodcut, illustration size approx 10 × 20" Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Rogers Fund, 1921.36.145 Image © Metropolitan Museum of Art/ Art... 1 910 Woodcut, printed in color, block 8-15⁄16 × 16-9⁄16", sheet 13-15⁄16 × 21-7/8" Museum of Modern Art, New York Gift of Mr and Mrs Otto Gerson, 40.1958 Image © 2015 Metropolitan Museum of Art/ Art... Gogh Museum, Amsterdam Courtesy of Vincent van Gogh Foundation [Fig 10- 10] "Le Japon," cover of Paris Illustré May 1886 Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam Courtesy of Vincent van Gogh Foundation [Fig 10- 11]