Chuyên đề Bể Aerotank

TNG LIấN ON LAO NG VIT NAM TRNG I HC TễN C THNG KHOA MễI TRNG V BO H LAO NG QU TRèNH CễNG NGH MễI TRNG CHUYấN B AEROTANK Sinh viờn thc hin CHU V NHUN PHT 91202042 BI TN PHONG 91202173 TON PHONG 91202174 Ging viờn hng dn: T.S PHM ANH C Tp H Chớ Minh, thỏng 11 nm 2014 MC LC K HOCH THC HIN GII THIU MC TIấU NI DUNG THC HIN 4 PHNG PHP THC HIN GII TRèNH CHNG 1: TNG QUAN 1.1 NC THI 1.1.1 Khỏi nim v nc thi 1.1.2 Thnh phn gõy nhim bn nc 1.2 KHI QUT QU TRèNH X Lí SINH HC HIU KH 1.2.1 Gii thiu chung 1.2.2 iu kin nc thi i vo quỏ trỡnh 1.2.3 Vi sinh quỏ trỡnh 1.3 X Lí NC THI BNG PHNG PHP BN HOT TNH 1.4 QU TRèNH SINH TRNG VI SINH VT 11 1.4.1 Nhit 12 1.4.2 pH 13 1.4.3 Oxy 13 1.4.4 c 14 CHNG 2: B AEROTANK 15 2.1 GII THIU S LC V B AEROTANK 15 2.2 IU KIN P DNG 15 2.3 CU TO 16 2.4 NGUYấN Lí HOT NG 18 2.5 PHN LOI 19 2.5.1 Aerotank truyn thng 19 2.5.2 B Aerotank ti trng cao nhiu bc 20 2.5.3 B aerotank cú ngn tip xỳc vi bựn hot tớnh ó n nh 21 2.5.4 B aerotank thụng khớ kộo di 22 2.6 U, NHC IM CA B AEROTANK 24 2.6.1 u im 24 2.6.2 Nhc im 24 2.7 NG DNG 25 2.7.1 X lý nc thi bnh vin 25 2.7.1.1 Gii thiu 25 2.7.1.2 Vt liu v phng phỏp ỏp dng 26 2.7.2 X lý nc thi cụng nghip ch bin thu sn 27 2.7.3 X lý nc thi cụng nghip ch bin m n lin 28 2.7.4 X lý nc thi cụng nghip ch bin m n lin 28 CHNG THIT K V VN HNH B AEROTANK TRONG X Lí NC THI 29 3.1 TIấU CHUN THIT K 29 3.2 TNH TON THIT K B 29 3.3 VN HNH B 42 CHNG NHNG S C THNG GP KHI VN HNH B AEROTANK V CCH KHC PHC 44 4.1 CC S C KHI VN HNH V CCH KHC PHC 44 KT LUN 48 K HOCH THC HIN GII THIU X lý nc thi bng bin phỏp sinh hc hin ang c ng dng v s dng rng rói trờn khp th gii núi riờng v ti Vit Nam núi riờng, x lý bng bin phỏp sinh hc c ng dng ph bin ti cỏc nh mỏy, xớ nghip mang quy mụ ln, nú mang li hiu qu x lý cao v cht lng x lý tt, ng thi trỏnh gõy ụ nhim mụi trng X lý hiu khớ cú th l mt la chn qu t khụng xõy dng cỏc b t hoi truyn thng hoc cỏc cỏnh ng hp th t nhiờn Ngy nay, ngy cng nhiu nh ca v khu thng mi nh mc lờn khu vc nụng thụn, v nhng ni ú thng khụng cú h thng thoỏt nc trung Trong nhng tỡnh ny, nc thi phi c x lý mt cỏch trit trc thi mụi trng Tựy thuc vo quy nh ca a phng, m quỏ trỡnh x lý hiu khớ cú th c ỏp dng gim din tớch vựng t b nhim bn hoc sõu ca nc bn ngm vo t Vic ng dng x lý hiu khớ cú th m trin vng ln phỏt trin nhng vựng t trc õy khụng th x lý c nc thi hn ch qu t Vỡ vy, chuyờn ny s gii thiu v phng phỏp x lớ nc thi sinh hc hiu khớ bng b Aerotank MC TIấU Mc tiờu ca chuyờn l cung cp kin thc c bn v phng phỏp x lớ sinh hc hiu khớ, gii thiu v tớnh toỏn thit k cng nh hnh b Aerotank, cỏc s c thng gp v khc phc b t ú giỳp mi ngi hiu c nhng li ớch cng nh hn ch ca b nhm la chn ỏp dng cho phự hp cỏc trng hp khỏc NI DUNG THC HIN Ni dung: Trong chuyờn ny s cp n cỏc khỏi nim, nguyờn tc hot ng ca b x lớ sinh hc hiu khớ, cỏch tớnh toỏn thit k b, a cỏc s c v cỏch khc phc thng gp ca b Aerotank PHNG PHP THC HIN thc hin c chuyờn ny, tụi ó nhn c s h tr t Th.S Phm Anh c, khoa Mụi trng & Bo h lao ng trng i hc Tụn c Thng Chuyờn c thc hin thụng qua vic dch v tham kho t cỏc bi bỏo, ting Anh, ting Vit, túm tt bi ging liờn quan khỏc õy l ln u tiờn tụi c thc hin chuyờn theo phng phỏp mi nờn chc hn cũn nhiờu sai sút Mong nhn c s gúp ý ca ging viờn bụ mụn chuyờn c hon thin hn, xin chõn thnh cm n GII TRèNH [1] Aerobic Treatment Prepared by Jun Zhu, Extension Engineer [2] Aerobic Treatment Units, Environmental Health Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia 2011 [3] Aerobic Degradation by Microorganisms, Wolfgang FritscheMartin Hofrichter, Jena, Germany S dng on 1, on trang 147 [4] Aerobic Treatment of Wastewater and Aerobic Treatment Units, Buchanan and Seabloom, 11/2004 S dng on trang 3, on v trang 4, bng trang 5, on trang 8, on trang 11, on trang 20 [5] Biological Wastewater Treatment, Arun Mittal, 08/2011 S dng on phn Introduction, trang 32 [6] Bacterial Metabolism in Wastewater Treatment Systems, Claudia Gallert and Josef Winter [7] Combined Anaerobic-Aerobic System For Treatment Of Textile Wastewater, Mahdi Ahmed et al, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 2, No (2007) 55-69 S dng on trang 12 [8] CHAPTER 13 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PLANTS, TM 5-814-3/AFM 88-11, Volume III [9] Evaluation ofAnaerobic-Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, E Gaparikovỏ1, Kapusta, I Bodớk, J Derco, K Kratochvớl, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol 14, No (2005), 29-34 [10] http://www.environmental-expert.com/services/wastewater-definition-of-117681 [11]http://www.brighthubengineering.com/geotechnical-engineering/96062spreadsheets-for-activated-sludge-waste-water-treatment-calculations/#imgn_3 [12] Rezace A et al Hospital wastewater treatment using an integrated anaerobic aerobic fixed film bioreactor American Journal of Environmental Sciences1 (4) 2005: 259-263 [13] Rebecca Dohse v Amy Heywood groundwater pollution primer, civil Engineering, Virginia Techc [14] Maintenance of aerobic wastewater treatment systems Level 1Citi Centre Building 11 Hindmarsh Square Adelaide SA 5000 [15] Tsai C.T, Lin S.T Disinfection of hospital waste sludge using hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide Journal Applied Microbiology 1999: 827-833 S dng on on trang [16] The Biological Basis of Wastewater Treatment Peter Spencer Davies B.Sc, Ph.D Strathkelvin Instruments Ltd 1.05 Kelvin Campus, West of Scotland Science Park Glasgow G20 0SP, UK [17] Waste Water Treatment Plant Elmhurst, Illinois A Virtual Tour Secondary Treatment Text by Dennis Streicher, Assistant Director of Public Works, Elmhurst, IL Pictures, Chemistry , and Web Site by Charles Ophardt, Professor of Chemistry, Elmhurst College, copyright 1999 [18] Wastewater treatment: Understanding the activated sludge process, Mark Sustarsic, Tetra Tech NUS, www.aiche.org/cep , November 2009 [19] WASTE WATER TREATMENT MANUALS PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARYTREATMENT, Environmental Protection Agency Ardcavan, Wexford, Ireland Environmental ProtectionAgency 1997 CHNG 1: TNG QUAN 1.1 NC THI 1.1.1 Khỏi nim v nc thi Nc thi xut phỏt t hai ngun chớnh: l nc thi ca ngi v l quỏ trỡnh thi t ngnh cụng nghip sn xut Ti Anh, tng lng nc thi t cỏc ngnh cụng nghip ln khong ln so vi nc thi sinh hot Nu khụng c x lý, v thi trc tip mụi trng, cỏc ngun tip nhn s tr nờn b ụ nhim v cỏc bnh truyn qua ng nc s c phõn b rng rói Nc thi l tt c cỏc loi nc ó b nh hng xu v cht lng bi nh hng ca ngi cỏc th rn, lng v khớ Nú bao gm cht thi lng thi t cỏc khu dõn c, t kinh doanh thng mi, cụng nghip, hoc nụng nghip v cú th bao gm mt lot cỏc cht gõy ụ nhim tim nng v nng õy cn hiu l s ụ nhim nc (water pollution) xy cỏc cht nguy hi xõm nhp vo nc ln hn kh nng t lm sch ca chớnh bn thõn ngun gc ca nc Nc thi cụng nghip bao gm (bựn, cỏt, kim, du, d lng húa cht), nc lm mỏt cụng nghip, nc quỏ trỡnh sn xut Nc thi cha x lý (untreated wastewater) l nc ngun tớch ly cỏc cht c hi lõu cho ngi v cỏc sinh vt khỏc S phõn hy cỏc cht hu c nc thi l to cỏc cht khớ nng mựi Thụng thng, nc thi cha x lý cú nguyờn nhõn gõy suy gim c th nú cha cỏc loi cht c phc hoc mang cỏc thun li cht dinh dng cho vic phỏt trin cho cỏc loi vi khun, cỏc thc vt thy sinh nguy hi 1.1.2 Thnh phn gõy nhim bn nc Cỏc cht hu c - Cỏc cht hu c d b phõn hy: hp cht protein, hidratcacbon, cht bộo ngun ng v thc vt - Cỏc cht hu c khú b phõn hy: cht hu c cú vũng thm, hp cht Clo hu c, Photpho hu c - Mt s HCHC cú c tớnh cao: HC Phenol, HC Cacbuahidro, Cht BVTV, x phũng cht ty ra, Cỏc cht vụ c - Cỏc hp cht cha Nito: NH3, NO3-, - Cỏc hp cht cha Photpho: Ortho phosphat - mui phosphat ca - axit phosphoric H2PO4-, HPO42-, PO43Cỏc kim loi nng: Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, As, Cỏc vi sinh vt gõy bnh - Vi khun: VK t Vibrio cholera, VK l Disenteriae Shigella, VK thng hn Samonella typhos, - Vi rỳt, Vi nm, Amip, Giun sỏn Thnh phn pH (t axit / kim sn xut, m kim loi), cht thi c hi (m kim loi, sn xut húa cht cyanide, sn xut thuc tr sõu, vv) cht rn v nh tng (sn xut giy, thc phm , bụi trn v du thy lc sn xut, vv) Nc thi sinh hot c to thnh ch yu l carbon hu c, hoc dung dch hoc cỏc ht vt cht Khong 60% l dng ht, v iu ny, mt chỳt cht l ln gõy cỏc h hi ca h thng ngng li Ht 1nm n 100m cũn h thng ngng li dng keo v iu tr tr nờn hp ph trờn cỏc flocs ca bựn hot tớnh 1.2 KHI QUT QU TRèNH X Lí SINH HC HIU KH 1.2.1 Gii thiu chung X lý nc thi bng phng phỏp sinh hc l da vo kh nng sng v hot ng ca vi sinh vt cú kh nng phõn hy nhng hp cht hu c Cỏc cht hu c sau phõn hy tr thnh nc, nhng cht vụ c hay cỏc khớ n gin 1.2.2 iu kin nc thi i vo quỏ trỡnh Khụng cha cỏc cht c lm cht hoc c ch hon ton h vsv nc thi Chỳ ý n hm lng cỏc kim loi nng Th t mc c hi ca cỏc kim loi: Sb > Ag > Cu > Hg > Co Ni Pb > Cr+3 > V Cd > Zn > Fe CHC cú nc thi phi l c cht dinh dng ngun Cacbon v nng lng cho vsv (hidratcacbon, protein, lipit hũa tan,) COD/BOD hoc COD/BOD 0.5 x lý sinh hc hiu khớ COD ln hn BOD nhiu ln, ú gm cú xenlulozo, hemixenlulozo, protein, tinh bt cha tan x lý sinh hc k khớ Giỏ tr pH phi ti u, thng nm khong 6.5 8.8; khong giỏ tr tt nht t 6.8 7.4 X lớ sinh hc l mt phn khụng th thiu ca bt kỡ mt nh mỏy x lớ nc thi t mt thnh ph hoc ca mt ngnh cụng nghip cú cha nhiu hp cht hu c Nú em li nhiu li ớch kinh t v u t, chi phớ hnh v hiu qu t c X lớ nc thi sinh hc cú loi l: x lớ sinh hc hiu khớ v k khớ Hu ht cỏc vi sinh vt phõn hy u thớch hp vi iu kin hiu khớ hn l iu kin k khớ x lớ nc thi sinh hc hiu khớ l quỏ trỡnh li dng cỏc vi sinh vt hiu khớ oxy húa cỏc cht hu c phc tr thnh dng n gin v t ú ci thin cht lng ca nc thi Nhit ca nc thi t 28 37 oC Nng oxy hũa tan nc thi phi phự hp 1.2.3 Vi sinh quỏ trỡnh Hu ht ngi ta cho rng vi khun v mt s loi vi sinh vt khỏc l mt phn khụng mong mun cú nc thi Trong thc t, ch mt phn nh vi khun c tỡm thy nc thi tht s gõy bnh X lý nc thi hiu khớ, thỳc y quỏ trỡnh phỏt trin t nhiờn ca VSV nh mt cỏch thc ci to nc thi Núi cỏch khỏc, vi sinh vt ging nh nhng cụng nhõn ca nh mỏy x lý nc thi 1.3 X Lí NC THI BNG PHNG PHP BN HOT TNH Quỏ trỡnh bựn hot tớnh l phng phỏp c s dng rng rói nht ca x lý nc thi sinh hc trờn th gii Quỏ trỡnh ny, cú khong 100 nm, xut hin ln u Anh vo nm 1914 bi hai k s, Edward Ardern v WT Lockett, v nhanh chúng c a vo s dng rng rói Mt nh mỏy x lý nc thi bựn hot tớnh vi mt b sc khớ v lng th cp (v thng bao gm c mt lng chớnh) cú loi b nhu cu oxy sinh húa v cht rn l lng t nc thi chy n l chc nng chớnh ca nú S dũng chy in hỡnh cho mt nh mỏy x lý nc thi bng bựn hot tớnh, bao gm x lý s b nh l bc u tiờn v kh trựng nh l bc cui cựng Quỏ trỡnh bựn hot tớnh l mt phng phỏp thng c s dng cho x lý nc thi v cht thi nc Nú c c trng bi s thiu thit b cú liờn quan, mc tiờu kim soỏt m khụng phi lỳc no cng c a ra, vic s dng cỏc thụng tin nh tớnh vic quyt nh v c ch hnh vi sinh hc c bn cha c hiu rừ Bựn hot tớnh bao gm nhng sinh vt sng kt li thnh dng ht hoc dng bụng vi trung tõm l cỏc cht nn rn l lng (40%) Cht nn bựn hot tớnh cú th n 90% l cht rn ca rờu, to v cỏc phn sút rn khỏc Bựn hiu khớ dng bụng bựn vng nõu, d lng l h keo vụ nh hỡnh Nhng sinh vt sng bựn l vi khun n bo hoc a bo, nm men, nm mc, x khun, cỏc ng vt nguyờn sinh v ng vt h ng, dũi, giun, ụi l u trựng sõu b Vai trũ c bn quỏ trỡnh lm sch nc thi ca bựn hot tớnh l vi khun, cú th chia lm nhúm: - Alkaligenes- Achromobacter Pseudomonas Enterobacteriaceae Athrobacter bacillus Cytophaga- Flavobacteriaum Pseudomonas- Vibrio aeromonas Achrobacter 10 Tuy nhiờn, tt c cỏc b mt khụng th c chuyn i sang sinh vỡ phn ng d húa tc l, sn xut nng lng t quỏ trỡnh oxy húa sinh l phi h tr phn ng ng húa (tng hp sinh khi) quỏ trỡnh chuyn i Vỡ vy, h s nng sut (Y