NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Unit ECONOMIC REFORMS GRAMMAR REVISION: Showing Contrast - Sự tương phản câu thường biểu thị hình thức sau: A Adverb clause of contrast: Although, Even though, Though + Clause - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ tương phản (Adverb clause of contrast) mệnh đề phụ câu Mệnh đề có nghĩa trái ngược với mệnh đề câu thường bắt đầu liên từ although, even though, though (mặc dù) while, whereas (trong khi), yet (tuy nhiên) Ex: Although he is young, he is very experienced While he knows several languages, he is not offered the job I love football wherease my brother hates it She got up early in the morning, yet she missed the last bus to school - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ tương phản rút gọn thành cụm từ tương phản cách sau: Inspite of + Noun/ Pronoun Inspite of his hard work, he failed the exam Inspite of the difficulty, he managed to get the work done Despite + Noun/ Pronoun Despite his poor health, he leads a happy life Despite taking the taxi, she came to the meeting late - Ngoài dùng cấu trúc Inspite of/ Despite the fact that để nói lên tương phản câu Lưu ý sau that mệnh đề I couldn’t understand what the foreigner said despite the fact that he spoke very slowly She still gains weight in spite of the fact that she eats very little B Transitions (Từ chuyển ý): nevertheless, nonetheless, however - Sự tương phản câu bắt đầu từ chuyển ý (transitions) như: nevertheless, nonetheless, however (tuy nhiên) It was getting dark Nevertheless, they set off for London The exam was easy However he got low mark C Conjunctions (Liên từ): but… anyway; but…….still ; yet …….still - Các liên từ (Conjunctions) sau dùng câu tương phản: but… anyway; but…….still; yet…….still (mặc dù vậy) I was sick, but I went to school anyway It was raining, yet she still went out Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội PRACTICE TEST A PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY I Choose the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from the others in each group II 10 III A enough B cough C touch D rough A class B across C possession D lesson A would B could C should D wound A company B condition C confide D conform A stack B target C farther D charter Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the rest A contaminate B apprentice C interesting D convenient A automatic B emotional C appreciate D insensible A poisonous B directly C suddenly D manual A definite B surgery C generate D material A reduce B minor C faithful D household Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence 11 One of the most important solutions to be used to development of a country is to carry out economic reforms A simulate B promote C change D propose 12 in December 1986, at its Sixth National Congress, the Vietnamese Communist Party an overall economic reform policy A initiated B created C suggested D exposed 13 Our government introduced a number of new _ to attract foreign and domestic private investment A solutions B principals C methods D policies 14 The aim of Doi Moi was to the living standards of the people and to restructure Vietnamese economy A reform B settle C raise D change 15 One important item of the renovation policies is to reduce state _ in business A intervention B invasion C interruption D investment 16 There have been a lot of changes in the economy of Vietnam, such as the government government subsidies, and shifted economic priority A delivered B eliminated C destroyed D sorted out 17 The Government opened trade relations with all countries in the world and foreign and domestic private investment A carried out B intervened C protected D encouraged 18 Under the Party’s , the Government adopted the Land Law in 1993 and the Enterprises Law in 2000 A commitment B efforts TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN C guidelines D protection 19 These new laws had laid legal grounds for _ inefficient cooperatives A dissolving B analyzing C dividing D disarming 20 With the strong _ of our Party and Government to Doi Moi, we believe that we will build a better life for our people A promise B commitment C investment D reaffirm B GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer 21 _ it is in the spring now, the flowers outside aren’t blooming A While B Although C Whereas D However 22 having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job A Although B While C In spite D Despite 23 the Internet is very popular, many older people not know how to use it A However B Nevertheless C Even though D Despite 24 _ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in interuniversity athletics meet A Although B While C Whereas D Yet 25 I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling A Whereas B However C Even though D Nevertheless 26 They fought bravely and persistently , they had no chance of winning A However B While C Although D Whereas 27 Bruce was not praised _ he was a hard worker A Even though B though C although D all are correct 28 Old people in my country usually live with their children, the old in the United States often live by themselves A although B however C whereas D still 29 It looks like they’re going to succeed _ their present difficulties A despite B although C in spite D whereas 30 Sally was very sad , she smiled and pretended to be having a good time A Although B Nevertheless C Even though D A and B Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội 31 Florida has a warm climate, _ Alaska has a cold one A whereas B while C however D A and B 32 her grade were low, she was admitted to the university A Even though B Nevertheless C While D However 33 I like spending my holidays in the mountains, _ my wife prefers the seaside A though B whereas C despite D in spite of 34 I don’t usually read novel I enjoyed his last novel A Nevertheless B However C A and B are correct D A and B are incorrect 35 Joe jumped into the river to rescue the little girl who was drowning _ he was not a very good swimmer A whereas B while C still D although 36 Josh is one of the best students of the school , he can’t pass the national chemistry exam A However B Although C In spite of the fact that D Despite the fact that 37 _ what she prepared for the job interview, Megan didn’t pass it A Despite of B In spite of C Though D However 38 _ Daisy didn’t like Scott, she agreed to work with him on the project A Whereas B While C Even though D Nevertheless 39 Bob has been working very hard these days _, he can’t afford to buy a new car A While B Even though C Though D Nevertheless 40 _ he wasn’t feeling very well, Alex was determined to take part in the racing A Despite the fact that B Despite the fact it C Despite of D In spite C READING I Read the passage and choose the best answer A By 1986, Vietnam had begun to recognize that major changes were needed At a national congress held in December, new party leaders launched the doi moi (economic renovation) program to reform Vietnamese society and stimulate economic growth The leaders declared their intention to bring about a mixed economy, involving a combination of state, collective, and private ownership Foreign investment was encouraged, and a more tolerant attitude was adopted toward the free expression of opinion in the country B Vietnam also sought to improve its position in foreign affairs Vietnam made serious attempts to improve relations with China and with the United States, which ended its economic embargo in 1994 Full diplomatic relations were established the following year In 1995, Vietnam joined in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a regional organization dedicated to promoting the economic growth of its member states TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN C While stating the intention to create a modified market economy, Vietnam insists that state-run industries will hold the “commanding heights” in the system There is open concern at the corrosive influence of decadent ideas from the West, which is viewed as a plot by “dark forces” in the United States to destroy the Vietnamese revolution Vietnam has declared its support for a policy of “economic reform, political stability.” 41 The purpose of the economic renovation program is _ A to join in the Asian of Southeast Nations B to change Vietnamese society completely and stimulate economic growth C to improve relations with the United States D to create a modified market economy 42 The economic renovation program _ A was created since Vietnam joined in the Asian of Southeast Nations B was encouraged to improve relations with China C was launched by new party leaders D is viewed as a plot by “dark forces” in the United States 43 Vietnam has followed _ allowing a mixed economy, involving a combination of state, collective, and private ownership A The Asian of Southeast Nations B The Vietnamese revolution C The intention D The economic policy 44 Vietnam has tried to improve with all countries in the world, especially the neighboring nations and the United States A diplomatic relations B corrosive influence C dark forces D economic renovation 45 Vietnam joined in the Asian of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) _ A To improve relations with the United States B to create a modified market economy C to reform Vietnamese society D to dedicate to the common economic growth of Asian nations Recognize (v) ['rekəgnaiz]: nhận Major (adj) ['meidʒə]: lớn, Congress (n) ['kɔηgres] quốc hội Party (n) ['pɑ:ti]: đảng Launch (v) [lɔ:nt∫]: ban bố Renovation (n) [,renə'vei∫n]: đổi mới, cải tiến Reform (v), (n) [ri'fɔ:m]: cải cách Stimulate (v) ['stimjuleit]: kích thích economic growth (noun phrase) [,i:kə'nɔmik grouθ]: phát triển kinh tế declare (v) [di'kleə]: tuyên bố state ownership [steit 'ounə∫ip]: sở hữu nhà nước collective ownership [kə'lektiv 'ounə∫ip]: sở hữu tập thể private ownership ['praivit 'ounə∫ip]: sở hữu tư nhân investment (n) [in'vestmənt]: đầu tư Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội II tolerant (adj) ['tɔlərənt]: khoan dung attitude (n) ['ætitju:d]: thái độ adopt (v) [ə'dɔpt]: thông qua sought(v) [sɔːt]- khứ seek [si:k]: tìm kiếm improve (v) [im'pru:v]: cải thiện foreign affair ['fɔrin ə'feə]: việc ngoại giao serious (adj) ['siəriəs]: nghiêm túc attempt (n) [ə'tempt] : nỗ lực, cố gắng embargo (n) [im'bɑ:gou] : cấm vận diplomatic (adj): ngoại giao dedicate (v) ['dedikeit] : cống hiến, promote(v) [prə'mout] : thúc đẩy, đẩy mạnh create (v) [kri:'eit] : tạo modify (v) ['mɔdifai]: sửa đổi insist (v) [in'sist]: nhấn mạnh, khăng khăng commanding heights: huy tối cao corrosive(adj) [kə'rousiv] : gặm mòn, phá hủy dần decadent (adj) ['dekədənt]: suy đồi plot (n) [plɔt]: mưu đồ revolution (n) [,revə'lu:∫n]: cách mạng stability(n) [stə'biləti] : ổn định Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that (46) in December 1978 by pragmatists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping (47) are ongoing as of the early 21st century The (48) _ of Chinese economic reform was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese (49) The initial challenge of economic reform was (50) _ the problems of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus and to eliminate economic imbalances (51) _ were common in command economies Economic reforms started (52) 1978 have helped lift millions of people out of poverty, (53) the poverty rate down from 53% of the population in 1981 to 8% (54) 2001 Chinese economic reform has been undertaken through a series of phased reforms In general, these reforms were not the (55) _ of a grand strategy, (56) as immediate responses to pressing problems In some cases, such as the closing of (57) enterprises, the government has been forced by events and economic circumstances to things (58) _ it did not want to The relatively small public sector is dominated by about 200 large state enterprises concentrating mostly in utilities, heavy industries, and energy resources (59) _, many of the economic structures that have been created in the course of Chinese economic reform (60) _ appear superficially similar to those found in other nations, but are in fact quite unique 46 A was started B have started C were started D started 47 A so B and C but D or 48 A goal B score C method D plan 49 A economics B economical C economic D economy 50 A solving B to solve C solve D solved 51 A when B who C that D what TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A since B in C from A to bring B bring C brought A since B by C in A targets B effects C results A but B despite C because A public B private C local A then B that C what A In addition B In general C In short A Ought to B would C may refers to(v) [ri'fə:]: đề cập đến pragmatist (n) ['prægmətist]: người theo chủ nghĩa thực dụng Communist Party [,kɔmju'nistik]: Đảng cộng sản as of : kể từ generate (v) ['dʒenəreit]: tạo ra, sinh sufficient (adj) [sə'fi∫nt]: đủ surplus (n) ['sə:pləs]; thặng du finance (v) ['fainæns]: tài trợ modernization (n) [,mɔdə:nai'zei∫n]: đại hóa initial (adj) [i'ni∫əl]: Ban đầu motivate (v) ['moutiveit]: thúc đẩy eliminate (v) [i'limineit]: loại bỏ imbalance (n) [im'bæləns]: thiếu cân command economies (n): kinh tế mệnh lệnh lift (v) [lift]: nâng lên poverty (n) ['pɔvəti]: nghèo đói undertake (v) [,ʌndə'teikn]: đảm nhận, phase (n) [feiz]: giai đoạn In general : nhìn chung Grand (adj) [grænd]: lớn Pressing (adj) ['presiη]: cấp bách Enterprise (n) ['entəpraiz]: hang, công ty Circumstance (n) ['sə:kəmstəns]: tình huống, hoàn cảnh Relatively (adv) ['relətivli]: khá, tương đối Dominate (v) ['dɔmineit]: lấn át, trội Utility (n) [ju:'tiləti]: dịch vụ công Structure (n) ['strʌkt∫ə]: cấu trúc Superficially (adv) [,su:pə'fi∫l]: như, nông cạn, bề mặt Unique (adj) [ju:'ni:k] :độc đáo D D D D D D D D D during bringing at scores so state there In conclusion should D.ERROR IDENTIFICATION: Identify the error in each sentence 61 The villagers refused to leave since the drought seriously threatened their food supply A B C D 62 On December 1986, Vietnam initiated an overall economic reforms policy, known as Doi Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội A B C D Moi, to promote the development of the country 63 I didn’t get the job offered despite I had all necessary qualifications A B C D 64 The aim of Doi Moi was to restructure the economics of Vietnam and to raise the living A B C D standards of the people 65 Whereas he is afraid of heights, Mark rode an elevator to the top of the World Trade A B C center in New York for the magnificent view D 66 My impression of Vietnam have formed from my own experience since 2000 when I A B C arrived here as a tourist D 67 In other respects of China’s economy was quite different than those of most developing A B C D nations 68 Since Doi Moi established in 1986, Vietnam step by step has overcome many difficulties A B C and achieves enormous results D 69 Although having worked in the field day after day for years, his parents could hardly earn A B C D enough to feed the whole family 70 Jack usually has little trouble making new friends in another country despite an inability A B to communicate good in any language besides English C D E Writing: write a new sentence with the same meaning He couldn’t sleep although he was very tired (in spite of) _ Although he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian (despite) _ In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home before dark (although) He decided to get the job although the salary was low ( in spite of) In spite of not having eaten for three days, he didn’t feel hungry (even though) They lost the match, although they were a better team (despite) TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE