UNIT NATURAL DISASTERS A PHONETICS Mark (‘) the stressed syllable in the underlined words Then practice saying the sentences Meteorology is a field of science that studies the changes in weather in a day-to-day basis, in a specific place Because it is such a big topic, biology is usually divided into separate branches of fields of study Botany is the study of plants, and zoology is the study of animals She has become a big name in documentary photography The genres I most enjoy reading are science fiction and biography B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR Choose the best answer A, B or C to complete each sentence What can be done to protect people from disasters? A environment B environmental C environmentally D environmentalist Emergency teams are still clearing the _ from the plane crash A debris B dust C piece D waste The government is sending _ to the flood victims A touch B aid C accommodation D provision Much of the town was rebuilt after the massive of the tornado A peace B humour C destruction D safety New Zealand rescue services carried out several searches for _ A movers B helpers C rescuers D survivors The government has declared a state of _ following the earthquake, A accident B situation C extension D emergency The _ are searching through the rubble for survivors A rescuers B washer C fighters D builders Many countries have sent humanitarian aid to the earthquake _ A victims B soldiers C elders D rescuers Thousands of buildings and houses were completely destroyed when the earthquake the city A fought B struck C happened D arrived 10 The forest fire _ for eight hours, killing all of the animals A burst B occurred C raged D spread Match the words (1-5) to their definitions (A-E) Words Definitions thunderstorm A It is a storm in a desert during which sand is blown into the air by strong winds volcano B It is a violent tropical storm in which strong winds move in a circle landslide C It is a mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases and lava are forced out into the air, or have been cyclone sandstorm is the past D It is a mass of earth, rock, and debris that falls down the slope of a mountain or a cliff E It is a storm with thunder and lightning, and usually very heavy rain Read the two paragraphs below and fill each blank with a suitable word from the boxes Spread danger rainstorm dry raging A forest fire happened in the west of Quang Binh Province last week How it started is unknown, but three days later it was still (1) out of control The weather was (2) and windy, so (3) _ quickly, and many surrounding districts were in (4) Fortunately, on the fourth day, there was a (5) which helped to put it out unstable confirmed moved missing destroyed On Saturday morning, a mudslide (6) down the Ngan Pho River near the small village of Huong Son District, Ha Tinh Province Authorities have (7) eight dead, eight injured, and as many as 108 people (8) The two-squarekilometre path of the mudslide also (9) _ about 50 homes A local resident said that mudslide was caused by ground which has been made (10) _ by heavy rainfall Complete the sentences, using the correct passive forms of the verbs in brackets Earth (hold) by the gravity of the sun and orbits around it Radio waves (discover) _ by Heinrich Hertz Our tent (blow) _ over in the night by the wind Chess (play) for around two thousand years The homeless (take) to a safe place where temporary accommodation will be provided for them Read the letter ad write the correct form of each verb Use the past perfect, or the simple past Dear Lisa Thanks for your letter I (1 just leave) for school when I saw the postman, and he gave it to me It was really funny! I (2.read) it during maths and it made me laugh I almost got in trouble! Anyway, I’m excited because I (3.have) _ my first judo lesson yesterday I was late for the lesson because when I (4.get) there, I suddenly realised I (5.leave) _ my judo uniform at home! So I (6.go) _ all the way home, and when I got back, the lesson _ already (7.begin) _ The instructor was really nice, though, and I (8.learn) how to some basic throws Can’t wait till next time! What about you and your taekwondo? The last time I (9.speak) _ to you, you talked about giving it up What you (10 decide) ? I think that’s all for now My mum and I are going shopping shortly, so I’d better post this Speak to you soon Love, Charlotte C SPEAKING Put the following in correct order to make a dialogue Then practise it with your friend A Nick: My sister was at a friend’s house, and we haven’t heard from her B Nick: I too Most of the houses in my neighbourhood were destroyed C Ann: Hi, Nick I’m very glad to see you I wasn’t sure if you were alive D Nick: I was at school Where were you? E Nick: That’s good I don’t know if all of my family survived F Ann: That’s true Where were you when the earthquake began? G Ann: I was at home My house was destroyed H Ann: I hope she is okay I Ann: It’s okay All of my family survived J Nick: I’m sorry to hear that K Ann: Oh no! Who is missing? L Nick: Hi, Ann I’m glad to see you too That was a terrible earthquake We are lucky to have survived Match the sentences (1-5) to the responses (A-E) There may be more than one correct answer Then practise the exchanges with a partner They are buying a villa near the sea A Oh no! I have won the gold medal B How wonderful! Many people were injured and died in the storm C Well done! Our school was destroyed by the earthquake D That’s shocking! The organisation has refused to help the homeless E That’s awful! people D READING Read the paragraph and choose the correct answer A, B, or C for each gap When a volcano (1) _, hot gases and melted rock from deep within Earth find (2) way up to the surface This material may (3) _ slowly out of a crack in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the air Volcanic eruptions may be very (4) But they can (5) create new landforms Of the nearly 1900 volcanoes active today, or known to have been active in (6) _ times, about ninety per cent can be found in the (7) of South America, North America, Asia, and Oceania that are close (8) the Pacific Ocean When marked on a map of the world, this line of volcanoes looks a bit (9) a vast, open circle For this (10) it is known as the ring of fire A blow B erupts C throws A they B their C them A come B leave C flow A destruction B destroy C destructive A too B also C so A history B historical C historically A areas B pieces C ways A to B at C with A as B like C so 10 A reason B aim C condition Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each question below Tsunamis, whose name derives from the Japanese expression for ‘high wave in a harbour’, are giant sea waves These waves are quite different from storm surges They are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves although they have nothing to with tides Scientists often refer to them as seismic sea waves, which is far more appropriate because they are often the result of undersea seismic activity Tsunamis can be caused when the sea floor suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake or volcano, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves These waves can travel great distances, at speeds close to 700 kilometres per hour In the open ocean, tsunami waves are not very high, often no more than one or two metres It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 metres The passage mainly discusses _ A tidal waves B tides C tsunamis D storm surges All of the following is true about tidal waves EXCEPT _ A they are as another name for tsunamis B they are caused by sudden changes in high and low tides C this term is not used by the scientist D the name refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves The word ‘them’ in the passage refers to A tidal waves B tsunamis C storm surges D sea waves The word ‘displaced’ in the passage is closest in meaning to _ A located B not pleased C filtered D moved The word ‘shallow’ in the passage mostly means A not clear B tidal C coastal D not deep It can be understood from the passage that tsunamis A cause the severe damage in the middle of the ocean B generally reach heights greater than 40 metres C are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open ocean D are often identified by ships on the ocean Peter is a member of Lend-A-Hand volunteer team who provided aid for the victims of an earthquake in Haiti, in 2010 Read his diary and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) 16th January, 2010 I just arrived in Port-au-Prince, Haiti with the Land-A-Hand volunteer team and I can’t believe my eyes! The earthquake that happened four days ago has destroyed most of the buildings This disaster has affected three million people Thousands have lost their lives or have terrible injuries, and even more have lost their homes Haiti suffers from hurricanes and floods every year, but this is something else! Our team’s task is clearing the rubble which is everywhere! 22th January, 2010 On Tuesday, we pulled a five-year-old boy from the rubble He was still alive after eleven days! The United Nations has offered a small wage to the people of Haiti for helping them to buy food Conditions are terrible, though Thousands of people are living in tents with no toilets or running water The earthquake also caused tsunamis in nearby fishing villages that damaged beaches and even swept homes out to the sea! 1st February, 2010 The whole world is helping Haiti! Rescue teams have come from places as far away as Iceland and Japan We have cleared the main road of Port-au-Prince, so food and medical supplies will get through soon More volunteers have just arrived Together, hopefully, we can rebuild Haiti after this awful disaster! Statements Most of the buildings is Port-au-Prince have been destroyed by the earthquake No one died in the earthquake Hurricanes and floods are not very common in Haiti Rescue teams have come from many countries A small wage has been offered to the people of Haiti for helping to clean up the streets Thousands of people are living in tents No one in the rescue teams is Japanese Food and medical supplies cannot be delivered soon because the main road of Port-au-Prince hasn’t been cleared yet E WRITTING Write sentences in the passive, using the suggested words Our car/ service/ a mechanic/ tomorrow morning T F _ At the surgery yesterday, I / examine/ Dr Peterson/ and I/ give/ prescription _ It looked like the window/ break/ a hammer/ some time before I went to see it because I/ tell/ it was a good film/ all my friends _ Your cheque/ send/ last Friday and/ should/ deliver/ to you tomorrow Think of a natural disaster and make a list of ways to prepare for it in the table below Type of natural disaster Ways to prepare Now write about how to prepare for a natural disaster (80-100 words) ... 10 A reason B aim C condition Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each question below Tsunamis, whose name derives from the Japanese expression for ‘high wave in a harbour’,... instructor was really nice, though, and I (8.learn) how to some basic throws Can’t wait till next time! What about you and your taekwondo? The last time I (9.speak) _ to you, you talked about... sentences (1-5) to the responses (A-E) There may be more than one correct answer Then practise the exchanges with a partner They are buying a villa near the sea A Oh no! I have won the gold medal