Unit1-before using medicines

Unit MEDICINES Vocabulary: Medicines are made in different dosage forms, look at the pictures and match them to their right dosage form Tablet _ lozenge _ capsule _ pill _ syrup _ Inhaler _ drops _ suppository _ powder _ patch _ 10 Fill in the blanks with suitable dosage forms in vocabulary _ is a kind of sweet medicine that melts slowly in your mouth without chewing It is useful for patients with sore throat or bad cough Children and older people often have trouble swallowing large _ Wearing a may create problems for people with skin allergies Some medications are available in liquid form, such as or _ We often use a to administer medication to babies or other patients who are not able to take drugs orally is another name for small tablet is usually dissolved and mixed in liquids or food and taken immediately after being prepared Match the dosage form on the left to its definition on the right 1.aerosol _ a A very small amount of liquid that forms a round shape drops _ b A smooth, thick substance to rub on the skin for healing inhaler _ c An oily liquid to rub on painful body parts to reduce pain liniment _ d A medication on material or cloth placed on the skin ointment _ e A small, round piece of medicine to be swallowed without chewing patch _ f A container with a liquid that is administered in spray form pill _ g A liquid in which another substance has been dissolved solution _ h A solid medicine which melts slowly in the rectum or vagina suppository _ i A sweet, liquid medicine taken with a spoon or cup 10 syrup _ j A small device with medicine to breathe in through the mouth I Proper use of medicines Medicines are generally very safe if used properly This means taking them at the right dose, the right way and the right time Otherwise, the medicine might not work as well as it should or might even cause unpleasant side-effects • Do not take more than the prescribed dose or take the medicine more often than recommended Twice as much doesn’t mean twice as good • If you forget to take your medicine, don’t double the next dose Doubling up medicines is dangerous because it may lead to over dosage • Don’t use other people’s medicine A medicine that is good for you may be bad for someone else, even if the symptoms are similar So don’t share medicine with family or friends They should see their own doctor or pharmacist for advice • Don’t mix medicine without seeking advice first If you take two medicines in the same classification, you might be taking an overdose Some medicine can react with others to produce unpleasant side effects while some can block the actions of others and actually stop them from working Before taking medicine homes, patients should tell their pharmacist if they are taking any other medicine PRACTICE: Match parts on the left with parts on the right Don’ts don’t leave the pharmacy without fully a some medicine won’t work right unless understanding the instructions they are swallowed whole don’t stop a prescribed course of pills as b medicines unless your doctor says it’s OK son as you feel better Antibiotics must not be stopped too… don’t end course of medicine because of c if you have trouble understanding them, be some minor side effects or because you are sure to ask the pharmacist again better overnight don’t combine prescription medicines and d or because you believe they are not doing OTC… any good Some medicines take time to work don’t crush, break or chew tablets or e soon since some of harmful bacteria may capsules unless your doctor tells you to not be killed and therefore may become resistant to the antibiotic II How to store your medicine It is important to store your medicines properly Guidelines for proper storage include: • Keep out of reach of children, • Store away from direct heat and light, • Do not store capsules and tablets in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down In addition, not leave the cotton plug in the medicine container that has been opened since it may draw moisture into the container, • Do not store medicine in the refrigerator unless directed to so, • Do not leave your medicine in a car for long period of time, • Do not keep outdated/expired medicine PRACTICE: What these pictures / signs mean? III How to get the most from your medicine OTC medicines can help you feel better But if they are taken the wrong way, they can actually make you feel worse If there is something you don’t understand a bout medicine you’re taking or are planning to take, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you still don’t understand, ask him or her to explain things more clearly If you are taking more than one medicine, be sure to ask how the medicines will work together in your body Sometimes medicines cause problems when they are taken together This case is called a drug interaction Understand generic versus brand name: Just like foods, some medicine come in both brand names and generics Generic medicines are generally cheaper Compare the list of ingredients If the generic has the same ingredients as the brand name, you may want to consider using it But be careful, the generic may contain different amounts of certain ingredients You’d better ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about which medicine to choose An example of a generic drug, one used for diabetes, is metformin The brand name for metformin is Glucophage (Brand names are usually capitalized while generic names are not.) Another generic drug, one used for hypertension, is metoprolol, whereas a brand name for the same drug is Lopressor Know what to avoid while taking the medicine If you are taking medicines some foods can cause side effects, such as stomach upset Drinking alcohol should be avoided while taking medicines Some medicines cause reactions such as sun sensitivity (getting a sunburn or sun rash), so you may have to limit your outdoor activities or protect your skin from the sun Read the label to see what to avoid while you are taking an over-the-counter medicine Follow the instructions just as you would with a prescription medicine IV Ways to administer medications (http://www.better-your-health.com/drugs_medicines/ways_to_administer_medications.php) There are many different ways to administer medications that are used to treat diseases, combat the symptoms of allergies and reduce fever and pain Different medications are administered depending on what route delivers the medication faster, or more effectively Orally is the most common method of administering medications because it is convenient, cheap, can be used to keep medications sterile or pure Disadvantages to the oral method of medicating someone is that patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules and that it might take too long for the medication to work Oral medications may also be destroyed as they go through the digestive system Sublingual medications, placing medicine under the tongue absorbs them, can be considered to be oral medications Buccal drugs are administered by placing them between the cheek and the gum Buccal and sublingual medications are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, which makes them quicker than oral medications that have to go through the digestive system to get to the bloodstream Parenteral are the injectable medications which are the ones that are usually pure, sterile, or pyrogen-free and are in liquid form There are several different methods of delivering parenteral medications such as subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal or intraspinal Subcutaneous drugs are injected just below the skin's first layer called the cutaneous layer A drug that is given subcutaneously is insulin used to treat those with diabetes Intradermal drugs are injected into the next layer of skin, which is called the dermis layer A drug that is given intradermally is purified protein derivative (PPD) Intramuscular drugs are often antibiotics used to treat infections, one such drug is procaine penicillin G Intravenous drugs are given directly into your vein and include those drugs that are given by intravenous injection (IV) Intrathecal and intraspinal drugs are given into the subarachnoid (adj.- màng nhện) space of the spinal cord Anesthesia is often given this way for moms about to give birth Individual with asthma are familiar with drugs that are inhaled, as this is the method of choice for delivering drugs to the lungs Inhaled drugs are given through the respiratory system and are in the form of vapors, gas, and nebulization Powders can also be delivered by inhalation Steam inhalation is another way of delivering drugs to the respiratory system Topical drugs are used because of their local effect such as those intended to bring relief from itching, burning, or to treat skin conditions without being absorbed into the bloodstream Topical drugs are also used because they can be applied to the skin and have a systemic effect by being absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream Ointments, creams, lotions and also shampoos are examples of topical medications Rectal and vaginal medications are not usually popular with individual who have to have them These drugs are inserted into the body cavities known as the rectum and the vaginal usually in the form of preparations, suppositories and enemas, creams and douches Rectal drugs are used instead of oral drugs when the individual is unconscious or when the individual is vomiting Vaginal drugs have a local effect and are usually given for vaginal infections or conditions Read the description of administration, fill in the table Route Oral Parenteral Intrathecal / Intraspinal /Buccal Dosage form Inhaled Vaginal Rectal Advantages Disadvantages Targeted tissue Unit COMMON TYPES OF OTC MEDICINES OTC is short for over-the-counter These are medicines you can buy without a prescription from your doctor Chances are, you’ve used OTC medicines many times to relieve pain and treat symptoms of the common cold, the flu, and allergies Four of the most common types of OTC products are: A Pain relievers B Antihistamines C Decongestants D Cough medicines A Pain Relievers They are medicines that reduce or relieve headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, pains after surgery, after injury, back pain, sore throat, ear aches etc There are many different pain medicines, and each one has advantage and risks Some types of pain respond better to certain medicines than others Each person may also have a slightly different response to a pain reliever That’s because the pain relievers can be: NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or Acetaminophen Each of these drugs has a different way of working NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) They relieve pain by stopping the production of prostaglandins, which are natural chemicals in the body Prostaglandins irritate nerve ending, triggering the sensation of pain NSAIDs include: - Aspirin, mainly used for relief of pain and fever - Ibuprofen, to relieve pain and fever and also the symptoms of rheumatoid or degenerative arthritis (viêm khớp dạng thấp) - Naproxen, administered especially to treat arthritis - Ketoprofen, used to treat dysmenorrhea and the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis The main side effect associated with aspirin and other NSAIDs is gastrointestinal (GI) problems These problems can range from upset stomach to GI bleeding, a serious event that is more likely to occur in older people The chances of experiencing GI problem from NSAIDs or aspirin increase the larger the dose you take and the longer you take them NSAIDs can cause a variety of side effects related to kidney function These side effects range from reversible inflammation to permanent kidney damage Aspirin and NSAIDs may make high blood pressure worse or interfere with blood pressure medicines High doses of aspirin pose a risk of liver damage for people who have liver disease, juvenile arthritis, or rheumatic fever Acetaminophen It relieves pain and reduces fever We don’t completely understand the way acetaminophen relieves pain We know that unlike aspirin and NSAIDs, which work in the skin, muscles, and joints, acetaminophen blocks painful sensation in the brain and the spinal cord Acetaminophen is in products such as Tylenol and Tempra Although safe in the majority of users, long-term use of high doses of acetaminophen, especially in products that also contain caffeine (such as Excedrin) or codeine (such as Tylenol with Codeine), has been shown to cause a form of kidney disease called analgesic nephropathy (bệnh thận) This serious condition may develop after years or decades of daily use Read the text and answer the following questions How NSAIDs relieve pain? How does Acetaminophen work? What are some types of NSAIDs? What pain relievers contain Acetaminophen? What are possible side effects caused by long-term use of high doses NSAIDs? What are possible side effects caused by long-term used of high doses acetaminophen? Unit OTC COLD AND COUGH MEDICINES (cont.) B Antihistamines Antihistamines work by blocking the receptors that trigger itching, nasal irritation, sneezing, and mucous production The three types of antihistamines are: - Diphenhydramine, the medicine in products such as Banophen, Benadryl Allergy, and Diphenhist - Brompheniramine, the medicine in products such as Dimatapp Allergy - Chlorpheniramine, the medicine in products such as AllerChlor, Chlo-Amine and Chlo-Trimeton Allergy Antihistamines can cause sedation or drowsiness and, therefore, can significantly reduce a person’s ability to drive or operate machinery The sedative effects of antihistamines may increase the risk of falling Antihistamines can also cause temporary dry mouth or eyes C Decongestants Decongestants work by narrowing blood vessels in the lining of the nose As a result, less blood is able to flow through the nasal area, and swollen tissue inside the nose shrinks Pseudoephedrine is the only decongestant used in OTC products 10 - Pseudoephedrine is in products such as Allermed, Genephed and Sudafed Pseudoephedrine can temporarily cause nervousness, dizziness and sleeplessness It can make you lose your appetite or retain urine It can also cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure, or high blood sugar levels D Cough Medicines Cough medicines are grouped into two types: antitussives and expectorants Antitussives, or cough suppressants, block the cough reflex Expectorants, on the other hand, are thought to loosen mucous and make coughing more productive in clearing the mucous from the airway system • Guaifenesin is the only expectorant used in OTC products It acts by reducing sputum viscosity (độ đặc) • Codeine, it is used as an antitussive It is a narcotic (adj- gây ngủ, gây mê) alkaloid obtained from opium or prepared from morphine It may temporarily cause nausea, sedation and constipation • Dextromethorphan, has a lower risk of sedation, it lacks the analgesic properties of codeine but it may cause feelings of confusion, agitation, nervousness, or irritability Alcohol and OTC Medicines The body processes or metabolizes every drug differently If drugs are used together, their metabolism and effect on the body can change When this happens, the chance that you will have side effects for each drug may become greater The combination of OTC antihistamines and alcohol can increase drowsiness, especially in elderly people If you frequently drink alcoholic beverage during weeks and use NSAIDs, including aspirin, you may be at increased risk of GI bleeding People who consume three or more alcoholic beverages each day should consult their physician before using any pain reliever Acetaminophen is much less likely than NSAIDs to be associated with GI problem, including bleeding But to minimize the risk of serious liver injury, you should never take more than the recommended daily dose (4g per day) PRACTICE 1: Write the following medicines under the correct heading Find information in Units and Aspirin, Dextromethorpan, Guaifenesin Tylenol, Excedrin Naproxen, Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, Ketoprofen, Pseudoephedrine, Tempra, Ibuprofen, Brompheniramine Pain relievers Antihistamines Decongestants 11 Cough medicines PRACTICE 2: Complete the sentences with the help of the text can be blocked by the use of antihistamines The sedative effects of antihistamines may reduce a person’s ability to drive or operate machinery, may increase the risk of falling and With the use of decongestants less blood is able to flow through the nasal area, however, they can cause some side effects such as While antitussives, or cough suppressants, block the cough reflex, expectorants make… The metabolism and effect on the body can change when Pain relievers shouldn’t be used in association with alcoholic beverage because they may Unit MOST IMPORTANT DRUGS Two things make a drug important: firstly, that the drug is used to treat a large number of people with a range of problems, secondly that a drug has led the way to treat a disease Penicillin: is at the top of the list, as the first antibiotic It pointed the way to the treatment of microbial disease No other drugs changed the world like this Before penicillin, patients with serious infection always died Insulin : the first hormone therapy Patients with advanced diabetes can’t use the energy stored in their bodies Their bodies stop making a hormone known as insulin, so in order to achieve their target blood glucose levels, they need to be treated with insulin In the beginning it was made from cows, pigs or salmon Almost all insulin is now human insulin Smallpox and polio vaccines Smallpox is universally considered one of the most dreadful scourges of humanity Thanks to vaccination, which got its name from the cowpox virus used in the vaccine, smallpox is the first 12 diseases wiped from the face of the earth Polio was the second scourge to be eliminated thanks to the vaccine It’s now hard to remember how frightening polio once was Ether : the making of modern surgery It was the first drug used as an anesthetic Since then there have been a series of improved versions of anesthetics Morphine : banning the bane of pain Despite the terrible problem of narcotic addiction, untold numbers of people would have spent their lives in great pain It is used after surgery alleviating a lot of suffering It is the forerunner of several generations of pain- alleviating drugs Ironically, efforts to create a non-addictive form of morphine led to the creation and marketing of a new drug in1898 by Bayer company, the brand name was heroin Aspirin : more than a headache pill As an analgesic aspirin, is very important It was the first drug to treat simple pain Most people in the world have some kind of peripheral pain, muscle pain, or headache or arthritis, just to give a few examples For those people, morphine would be inappropriate Psychiatric medications The insane asylums of the past were built to contain people suffering from the severe psychiatric diseases known as psychoses These drastic diseases brought equally drastic “treatments” for patients The advent of modern psychiatric drugs in the 1950s changed everything Thorazine and Halsol were the first drugs used in modern psycho-pharmacology Birth control pills Oral contraceptives changed the world By giving women control over their reproductive system, these drugs had far-reaching medical and social impact Help for the Heart Heart patients today owe a lot to two breakthrough drugs: Lanoxin (digoxin) and Lasix (furosemide) Lasix is one of the first diuretics which is still a very important drug for hypertension and heart failure Furosemide is included in the World Anti-Doping agency’s banned drug list because it may be used as a masking agent for other drugs In terms of preventing heart disease, the new cholesterol-lowering drugs, called statins promise to have a huge impact They are group of drugs that inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol with the result of a decrease in the level of LDL (“bad cholesterol”) but with a modest increase in the level HDL (“good cholesterol”) circulating in blood plasma… PRACTICE: Match the group of drugs with its intended use: Penicillin Insulin Smallpox and Polio vaccines Ether 13 Morphin Aspirin Psychiatric medications Birth control pills Help for the heart a The first improvement in anaesthesia, which helped patient an easy feeling during operation b Before its invention, patients with infections soon died c They are the first choice for simple pains d Since 1950s, this group of drugs helped patients of mental problems self-medicate at their own homes e They were invented by WHO Since then, the diseases have been gradually decreased and stop completely for now f Although it is widely accepted as the most useful for serious pains, it is a fact that patients become addicted when using it g This medicine saves half of the patients of all diseases all over the world h This medicine helps to control the level of sugar in the blood, it is now mainly human-derivated i With its development, it has made both medical and social impact > _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _ Unit Anti-hypertensives Hypertension High blood pressure (Hypertension- medical term) is a serious problem when left untreated It frequently has no symptoms and often occurs for unknown reasons It is an indication that the heart and the blood vessels are being overworked, it is a measure of the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries; when this force is elevated beyond a normal level, a patient will be diagnosed with either pre-hypertension It can damage the heart and cardiovascular system and can be contribute to heart attacks and strokes High blood pressure frequently occurs in patients with diabetes and also affects other organs such as the kidneys and the eyes Frustration is common because many patients have no symptoms and cannot tell if a medication is working or not 14 Self-monitoring of blood pressure is often an important tool during antihypertensive therapy It can provide important information about the effectiveness of therapy People taking antihypertensives are also encouraged to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as giving up smoking, losing weight and getting regular exercise Antihypertensives They are medications used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) People who are prescribed medication need to take it exactly as prescribed to avoid the serious medical problems associated with the condition Several classes of antihypertensive medications are available to treat high blood pressure They lower blood pressure by opening and widening the blood vessels from closing and tightening, or reducing the workload of the heart These medications include: • Diuretics Sometimes called “water pills”, these medications promote the formation of urine in the kidneys, causing the body to flush out fluid and minerals such as sodium The reduction in fluid volume and sodium levels causes blood vessels to open wider, increasing blood flow and reducing the pressure of blood against the vessels Three types of diuretics are used in the treatment of hypertension: loop, potassium sparing and thiazide • Beta blockers Any of a group of drugs that block the activity of a beta-receptor to decrease the heart rate and force of contractions and lower high blood pressure • Vasodilators Medications that expand or widen blood vessels, reducing blood pressure against the walls of the vessels This allows blood to flow more freely and heart to pump more efficiently Vasodilators include: + ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) Vasodilators block the production of a substance (angiotensin II) that causes blood vessel to the flow of blood to tighten This results in lowering the resistance of the blood vessel to the flow of blood from the heart + Calcium channel blockers Vasodilators that reduce the force of contraction of the myocardium (muscle of the heart) + Central adrenergic (adj- giải phóng Adrenalin) inhibitors Vasodilators that act directly on the brain to prevent it from signaling the central nervous system to increase heart rate or narrow blood vessels The wide variety of antihypertensives and combinations of different medications may lengthen the time it takes to find the ideal treatment for each patient The choice of which drug to use first is not settled, especially because the various drugs are roughly equally effective A number of clinical trials have proved this by comparing the drugs in head-to-head studies among various patient groups Trials began in 1994 and involved more than 42,000 individuals The researchers concluded that medication therapy to lower blood pressure should begin with diuretics 15 PRACTICE 1: Complete the sentences with on of the following expressions Give up smoking Lose weight Provide information Treat high blood pressure Change lifestyle Stimulate the production Widen blood vessels Reduce blood pressure Damage the heart High blood pressure can and cardiovascular system Self-monitoring of blood pressure can………………………….about the effectiveness of therapy There are several classes of medication to……………………………………………… Diuretics……………….…of urine causing thee body to flush out fluid and minerals such as sodium Vasodilators……………………against the vessels since they………………………………… People treated with antihypertensives need to……………….………., for example they need to………………………… …… and………………………………………… PRACTICE 2: Write if/when sentences linking the two parts and using correct tense There may be more than one answer The force of the blood against the walls of arteries is too high There is a pre-hypertension or hypertension diagnosis ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… Left untreated hypertension can contribute to heart attacks and strokes ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… People with hypertension don’t give up smoking and lead unhealthy lifestyles They run serious risks ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… Patients treated with diuretics The blood flow increases and the pressure of blood against the vessels is reduced ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… Beta blockers are used for treating hypertension They release certain chemicals that blind with beta receptors in the heart ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… Many people died from heart stroke They did not follow a suitable antihypertensive therapy ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… PRACTICE: Understand medicine leaflet 16 Look at the Leaflet, answer questions: What kind of medicine is it? Tell the intended use of this medicine? What is possible side effect of this medicine? 17 What can the patient NOT while taking medicine? What is the dosage for children? How to store? PRACTICE: Change the sentences using the passive form You can kill bacteria more easily than viruses > Bacteria They have selected antibiotics in order to kill only the desired bacteria >Antibiotics They can identify the infecting bacterium by analyzing samples of blood and urine taken from the person > The infecting bacterium Patients with the same infections may give different responses to specific antibiotics > Different responses to specific antibiotics Antibiotics kill many bacteria, however, bacteria may develop resistance to the drug’s effects > Bacteria ; however, resistance to the drug’s effect Patients should take antibiotics only when necessary in order to limit resistance to bacteria > Antibiotics Some kinds of antibiotics can cause side effects or allergic reactions > Side effects or allergic reactions Some antibiotics may disrupt the function of the kidneys, liver, bone marrow, or the organs > The function of the MEDICAL TERM WITH LATIN ROOT Terminology -ology: the study of Nephrology Hepatology Physiology Kidneys Liver -cian, -ologist : specialist nephrologist specializes in diagnosing and treating hepatologist diseases and disorders of kidneys specializes in diagnosing and treating functions of the structures physician of the body Pharmacology nature, uses and effects of pharmacist 18 diseases and disorders of the liver studies the structure and function of the body formulates and dispenses prescribed drugs Biology dermatology for purposes Living organism Skin medical medications biologist studies living organism dermatologist diagnosis and treatment diseases System organ System Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Root Derm_, derma_, dermato_ Arth_, artho_ Chondr_, chondro_ Costa_, cost_, costo_ Myelo, myel_ Os_, osa_ Osteo-, oste_ Spondyl_, spondylo_ My_, myo_ Teno_, tenoto_ Cephal_, cephalo_ Encepha_, encephalo_ Neur_, neuro_ Angi_, angio_ Vas_, vaso_ Cardi_, cardio_ Hem_, hemo_ hema_, hemato_ Phlebo_, phleb_ Vena_, vene_, ven_, veni_ Pneum_, pneumo_, pneumat_, pneumato_ Pulmo_ Nas_, naso_ Chol_, chole_, cholo_ Dent_, denti_, dento_ Odont_, odonto_ Enter_, entero_ Gastr_, gastroGloss_, glossoHepat_, hepato_ Or_, oro_, os_ Proct_, procto_ Meaning Skin Joint, articulation Cartilage Rib Marrow Bone Vertebra, vertebral column Muscle Tendon Head Brain Nerve Vessel, blood vessel Heart Blood Vein Air, gas, lung Lung Nose Bile Tooth Small intestine Stomach Tongue Liver Mouth Rectum 19 of skin Urinary Reproductive Cyst_, cysto_ Glyco_ Nephr_, nephro_ Ren_ Vesic_, vesicoAmnio_ Andr_, andro_ Colp_, colpo_ Galact_, galacto_ Lact_, lacto_ Genit_, genito_ Cyst, urinary bladder Sugar Kidney Bladder Amnion Male, masculine Vagina Milk Organ of reproductive system Woman Gyne_, gynec_, gyneco_, gyno_ Hyster_, hystero_ Metr_, metra_, metro_ Mam_, mamm_, mammo_, Endocrine Uterus Breast mast_, masto_, Men_, meno_ Omphal_, omphalo_ Oo_ Orchi_, orchid_ Aden_, adeno_ Menstruation Umbilicus Egg, ovum Testis Gland Senses Root Acou_, audi_, audio_ Aur_ Ot_, oto_ Chrom_, chromato_, chromat_ Kerat_, keratoOcul_, oculo_ Ophthalm_, ophthalmo_ Opt_, optico_, opto_ Rhin_, rhino_ English Hear, hearing Ear Colour Cornea Eye Vision Nose GROUPWORK PRACTICE: Read the Leaflets for understanding GROUPWORK PROJECT: Arrange a list of drug according to their Latin root 20 Vietnamese ... the medicine If you are taking medicines some foods can cause side effects, such as stomach upset Drinking alcohol should be avoided while taking medicines Some medicines cause reactions such... Unit COMMON TYPES OF OTC MEDICINES OTC is short for over-the-counter These are medicines you can buy without a prescription from your doctor Chances are, you’ve used OTC medicines many times to... clearly If you are taking more than one medicine, be sure to ask how the medicines will work together in your body Sometimes medicines cause problems when they are taken together This case is called