Addressing subneting

Addressing & Subnetting for Exploration-S1 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Addressing • …to identify and locate each host We call it • • “addressing” Identification: hostname, address (MAC, IP) – IP address ? MAC add ? • MAC address: local • IP address: internetwork An address generally represents the connection to the network PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Addressing unique address: letter (network address) and number (host address) PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com IP Address (IPv4) • IP address is 32-bit long • It is often writen in dotted decimal format PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com IP Addressing Structure • • • • • • IP add has parts: net-id & host-id Two different networks must have different network address (net-id) different hosts in the same network must have different host address (host-id) Hosts in the same network have the same network address Broadcast domain: one network address Network address= IP address AND Subnet mask PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com IP Addressing Structure • 32-bit address is expressed in Dotted decimal • Network portion • Host portion • Octet PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Subnet Mask • • • The subnet mask is 32-bit pattern and created by – placing a binary in each bit position that represents the network portion and – placing a binary in each bit position that represents the host portion The prefix and the subnet mask are different ways of representing the same thing - the network portion of an address – The number of bits of an address used as the network portion is called the prefix length In 8-bit pattern, there are: 00000000 = 11110000 = 240 10000000 = 128 11111000 = 248 11000000 = 192 11111100 = 252 11100000 = 224 11111110 = 254 11111111 = 255 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Defining the Network and Host Portions PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Defining the Network and Host Portions PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Example 1: SM : 255.255.255.0 Net/host id: N.N.N.H Net E1 (Net-ID): 192.168.11.0 Net E2 : 192.168.10.0 Net E3 : 192.168.12.0 Number of broadcast domain ? 10 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Example • • • subnets of 250 hosts: – 172.16.44.0/24 – 172.16.45.0/24 – 172.16.46.0/24 Links of hosts: need host bits To sub-subnet the subnet 172.16.47.0/24 64 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Example • • • • • • • 172.16.47.0/24 172.16.47.xxxxxxhh/30 172.16.47.000000hhà172.16.47.0/30 172.16.47.000001hhà172.16.47.4 172.16.47.000010hhà172.16.47.8 172.16.47.000011hhà172.16.47.12 … 65 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 66 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 67 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 68 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 69 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 70 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 71 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 72 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 73 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 74 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 75 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 76 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet 77 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Other: Subnetting a Subnet • Practice 6.5.4-6 78 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com [...]... 01100000.10101000.01100100.00000001 SM : 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 Net address : 01100000.10101000.01100000.00000000 13 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Hierachical addressing scheme As a hierachical addressing scheme, IP addresses are divided into “classes” 14 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Classes of IP Addresses • • • Class A addresses are assigned... these ranges are not routed on the Internet backbone Internet routers immediately discard private addresses 35 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Using Private Addresses • • When addressing a nonpublic intranet, a test lab, or a home network, we normally use private addresses instead of globally unique addresses Private addresses can be used to address point-to-point serial links