ENGLISH Adjectives

Can Chính Truong's ArchivesLGUAGENA RTSAEXPLORERJUNIORAdjectivesbigroughneegrhugeby Josh GregoryCherry Lake Publishing • ann arbor, michigantext:A note on theCertain wordsdare highlightefas examples oBold, cadjectives.olorfulwords arevocabulary woPublished in the United States of America by Cherry Lake PublishingrdsAnn Arbor, Michiganand can bwww.cherrylakepublishing.come foundin the glossaryContent Adviser: Lori Helman, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of.Curriculum & Instruction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaPhoto Credits: Page 4, ©Tomasz Bidermann/Shutterstock.com; page 8,©Charlotte Leaper/Dreamstime.com; page 14, ©Kjersti Joergensen/Shutterstock, Inc.; page 15, ©Tatiana Morozova/Shutterstock, Inc.;page 17, ©apiguide/Shutterstock, Inc.; page 20, ©Yuri Arcurs/Shutterstock, Inc.Copyright ©2014 by Cherry Lake PublishingAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized inany form or by any means without written permission from the publisher.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataGregory, Josh.Adjectives / By Josh Gregory.pages cm. — (Language Arts Explorer Junior) (Basic tools) (21stCentury Junior Library)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-62431-180-2 (lib. bdg.) — ISBN 978-1-62431-246-5(e-book) — ISBN 978-1-62431-312-7 (pbk.)1. English language—Adjective—Juvenile literature. 2. English language—Grammar—Juvenile literature. I. Title.PE1241.G58 2013428.2—dc232013006653Cherry Lake Publishing would like to acknowledge the workof The Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Please visit www.p21.orgfor more information.Printed in the United States of AmericaCorporate Graphics Inc.July 2013CLFA132Table of Contentsc ha p t er o neAt the Zoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4cha pt er t woComparing Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10cha pt er t h r e eOther Types of Adjectives . . . . . . 14Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . 23Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243c ha p t er o n eAt the ZooThere are manywonderful things to see at the zoo.Tom and his sister, Kate, were so excited. Theycould barely keep from yelling as they nearedthe ticket booth. Their Uncle Mike was takingthem to the zoo. Neither of them had ever beento the zoo before. They were looking forwardto seeing all kinds of animals.4What do you imaginewhen Kate describes thebush outside the zoo? “Look at that huge bush!” Tom shouted insurprise. He pointed to a bush that had beentrimmed to look like one of the animals in the zoo. “That is awesome,” Kate said. “It looks justlike a big, green elephant.” “What animals are you guys most excited tosee?” asked Uncle Mike. “I can’t wait to see the beautiful birds andthe silly monkeys,” Kate answered. “I want to see a scary lion with a loud roar,”said Tom. “Well, you’re both in luck,” said UncleMike. “We can see all those and more!”5ulfituaebyrascAdjectives helpcreate aclear picture for readersand listeners toimagine.silly Tom and Kate used adjectives to tell aboutthings they saw or wanted to see. Adjectives arewords that help us learn more about nouns.They can be used to describe what colorsomething is or how a person is feeling. Theycan explain how something sounds, smells,tastes, or feels. They can give details aboutpeople, places, or even ideas. If a worddescribes something, it is probably an adjective.6nk about itihTExtra ExamplesHere are some common types of adjectives:Adjectives that end in -y: happy, tastyAdjectives that end in -ous: fabulous, famousAdjectives that end in -less: mindless, helplessAdjectives that end in -able: adorable, availableAdjectives that end in -ful: painful, helpfulThere are many other kinds of adjectives as well.Keep an eye out for them!-y-ous-lesselba-ful -Keep an eyeout forthese endings. Theycan help youtell whena word is anadjective.7This long, greensnake founda quiet spot at the busy zoo. “Where do you want to go first?” Uncle Mikeasked. He looked down at a map of the zoo. “Let’s go to the reptile house,” Kate replied.“I want to see some dangerous snakes.”Adjectives often come right before a noun. “Can we go somewhere else first?” askedTom. “Snakes are scary!” Other times, theadjective comes later in the sentence.8ERROLEXP NIORJU, visitactivitys.ishtfopyactivitieo/cmaot.cegTo gblishinylakepurreh.cwwwACTIVITYLocate and List!Locate and list all the adjectives in the followingsentences:“OK,” said Kate. “I don’t mind if we gosomewhere else first.”“How about we take this long path?” askedUncle Mike. “It will let us see big cats and someother interesting animals.”“Yeah!” said Tom. “I can’t wait to see thetigers. I love their orange stripes!” Kate, Tom,and Uncle Mike walked along the paved path. Theystopped to look at different animals along the way.“Look at that furry bear,” said Tom. “He sureis big!”“That dog’s fur is covered in weird spots,” saidKate. She pointed at an animal in the next area.“That is so cool!” Tom replied.!DONBOOKEHTINAnswers: long, big, interesting, orange, paved,different, furry, big, weird, next, cool!ST’TOWPRITE9c ha p t er T woComparing ThingsKate, Tom, and Uncle Mike decided to see theelephants next. “I bet the elephants will be evencooler than the lions,” Tom said. Adjectives canbe used to compare different things. Adjectivescomparing two things often end in -er. Kate’s eyes widened as they got close tothe elephants. “That elephant is the biggestanimal I’ve ever seen!” she said. Adjectivesthat compare more than two things oftenend in -est. “It’s more boring than the tigers, though,”Tom said with disappointment. “All it does isstand there.” “I think the bears were the most boring,”said Kate. “They were all sleeping.” The wordsmore or most are sometimes needed withcertain adjectives to compare things.10nk about itihTExtra ExamplesHere are some examples of adjectives thatcompare two or more things.RegularbigboringprettyhappycarefulimportantTo Comparebiggermore boringprettierhappiermore carefulmore importantTo Show the Mostbiggestmost boringprettiesthappiestmost carefulmost importantDo you notice a pattern? Most adjectiveswith more than one syllable require more or mostto make comparisons. Be careful, though. The ruleisn’t always true! For example, look at pretty inthe chart. It has two syllables (pret-ty). But itdoes not use more or most. As you read books andpractice writing, you will learn more about whichadjectives need more and most.11ercompauoyl when rtainuferaceBe cnging!ahC.trickyebnounsnives caadjectsmell.t’noIdlongI take s!rshowe “I thought the cats smelled bad,” Kate said.“The elephants smelled worse,” Tom replied.Some adjectives are unusual. They do notfollow the normal rules of makingcomparisons. Bad changes to worse when it isused to make a comparison. The two wordsare completely different! “Uncle Mike, that elephant’s leg is as tall asyou!” said Kate. Adjectives can also be used todescribe the way two things are similar. To dothis, as is placed before and after the adjective.12ACTIVITYLocate and List!Locate and list all the adjectives that comparethings in the following sentences. Be sure to onlylist an adjective if it is comparing things! “Let’s go look at some animals that are funnierthan elephants,” said Tom. “Monkeys are the funniest animals of all,” saidKate. “The monkey house is this way,” said UncleMike. “Let’s go.” Tom and Kate followed their unclealong a short path. They all went into the monkeyhouse. “Look at the one with the long tail,” said Kate. “The way it moves is so silly!” “The little brown one is even sillier than the longtailed one,” said Tom. “Look how far it can jump!” “It can jump far,” agreed Kate. “But it can’t jumpas far as that tiny gray one with the colorful face!”Answers: funnier, funniest, sillier, as far as!ST’TOWPRITE!DONBOOKEHTINity, visitthis activfs.oypoc/activitiemo.cTo get aginhlisrylakepubwww.cher13c ha p t er t h r e eOther Types ofAdjectivesrticularly fast!aThis monkey is p “The tiny monkey with the fuzzy face is sofast,” said Tom. He watched the monkey zipacross a log and climb up a tree. “A monkey that fast would be really hard tocatch,” Kate added.14 “An elephant could never move that fast,”Tom said. Small words like the, a, and an tell us aboutnouns, too. In some cases, these words areadjectives. For example, in the first sentence, Tomtalked about one specific monkey. Words like aand an are less specific. When Kate says “amonkey,” she was not talking about one specificmonkey. She was talking about any monkey.The phrase “alion” could refer to any lion.15JUNI!ST’TOWPRITEDONK!E BOOHTNIOTo get a copy of this activity, visitwww.cherrylakepublishing.com/activities.ACTIVITYRead and RethinkRead the following passage. Then rewrite it and fillin the correct word, choosing from the, a, and an:Tom, Kate, and Uncle Mike decided to visit ____birds next. “I can’t wait to see _____ parrot,” Katesaid as they walked toward _____ bird area.“One time Dad showed me _____ eagle in thebackyard,” Tom said. “That is _____ coolest birdI’ve ever seen.”“Wait until you see _____ birds here,” saidUncle Mike. “They are all colors, sizes, and shapes.”Answer:Tom, Kate, and Uncle Mike decided to visit thebirds next. “I can’t wait to see a parrot,” Kate saidas they walked toward the bird area.“One time Dad showed me an eagle in thebackyard,” Tom said. “That is the coolest bird I’veever seen.”“Wait until you see the birds here,” saidUncle Mike. “They are all colors, sizes, and shapes.”16 Tom and Kate didn’t know where to lookfirst as they walked into the bird area. Inside agiant net, birds of all sizes and colors flewoverhead from tree to tree. “Hey, look,” saidTom. “That one is the same color as Kate’sshirt!” Adjectives can describe who owns, orpossesses, something. “There must be 100 birds in here,” said Kate.Her eyes darted from one bird to the next.Numbers are also used as adjectives. Theydescribe how many of something there are.show howAdjectives caning there are.many of someth17“We’d better move along,” said UncleMike. “It’s getting late, and we still have to goto the reptile house.”“Alright!” shouted Kate. “I’m ready to seesome snake teeth.” Nouns can often be used asadjectives. Reptile and snake are both nouns, butthey can also be used to describe other nouns.Tom covered his eyes as they walkedthrough the door of the reptile house.“Whoa!” said Kate as she ran toward thebiggest snake in sight. “Look at that one!”“Which snake is your favorite?” Kate askedTom, who was still covering his eyes.18nk about itihTExtra ExamplesThere are three common types of pronouns thatcan be used as adjectives:Those that show who or what something belongsto: my, mine, your, yours, her, hers, his, its, their,theirsThose that tell us which thing is being discussed:that, this, those, theseThose that ask questions: which, what, whose“None of them,” answered Tom. “Let’s gosomewhere else now!”Pronouns are words that replace nouns,such as he, she, that, this, or it. Sometimespronouns act as adjectives. Pronouns thatshow who possesses something are adjectives,such as his in “his eyes.” So are pronouns thatshow which part of a group is being talkedabout, such as that in “that one.” Which andother question pronouns are also adjectives.19Whenever you describe something, you use adjectives. “We’d better get ready to go,” said UncleMike as he looked at his watch. “The zoo isclosing soon. Did you see everything youwanted to see?” “Yeah, all the animals we saw wereamazing!” said Kate. “Except for those yucky reptiles!” added Tom.20LARERROLEXP NIORJU STOP!DON’’TT WRITEIINN THE BOOK!ACTIVITYRead and Rethink!Read the following sentences. Then rewrite them,filling in the blanks with adjectives you think willwork:Uncle Mike took Tom and Kate to the _____ shopon the way out of the zoo. “You can each pick out_____ thing,” he said. Tom and Kate looked at allof the _____ stuff in the store. “I like _____ one,” said Tom as he held up a_____ figure of a lion. “But it’s not as _____ asthis one,” he added, picking up a _____ figure.“_____ one are you getting, Kate?” “_____ shirt is _____ ,” said Kate. “But I think Iwant this _____ hat.” Uncle Mike paid for the gifts,and they walked outside toward the _____ lot. “Thanks so much, Uncle Mike,” said Kate. “Yeah,” Tom added, “this was the _____ dayever!”, visitactivitys.ishtfyoctivitiepao/cmaot.cTo gelishinglakepubyrrehwww.c21Glossaryadjectives (AJ-ik-tivz) words that describe nouns or pronounsdescribe (di-SKRIBE) to tell about somethingdetails (DEE-taylz) small pieces of informationnouns (NOWNZ) words that represent objects, people, places,animals, or ideaspossesses (poh-ZESS-iz) owns or holdspronouns (PRO-nownz) words that replace a noun or a noun phrasesyllable (SIL-uh-buhl) chunks of a word that can be said in one beat.For example, love has one beat, and happy has two.22For More InformationBookSDahl, Michael. If You Were an Adjective. Minneapolis: Picture WindowBooks, 2006.Fisher, Doris, and D. L. Gibbs. Bowling Alley Adjectives. Pleasantville,NY: Gareth Stevens, 2008.Web SiteBetween the Lions—The Best Trampolini Gamehttp://pbskids.org/lions/games/trampolini.htmlPlay a game to test your adjective knowledge!23Index-able endings, 7pronouns, 19common types, 7, 19comparisons, 10, 11, 12, 13questions, 19descriptions, 6, 12, 17, 18details, 6-er endings, 10-ful endings, 7-less endings, 7sentences, 8, 9, 13, 16, 21similarities, 12specific nouns, 15, 16syllables, 11unusual adjectives, 12-y endings, 7nouns, 6, 8, 15, 18, 19numbers, 17possessive adjectives, 17, 19About the AuthorJosh Gregory writes and edits books for kids. He lives in Chicago, Illinois.24[...]... to see the elephants next “I bet the elephants will be even cooler than the lions,” Tom said Adjectives can be used to compare different things Adjectives comparing two things often end in -er Kate’s eyes widened as they got close to the elephants “That elephant is the biggest animal I’ve ever seen!” she said Adjectives that compare more than two things often end in -est “It’s more boring than the... needed with certain adjectives to compare things 10 nk about it i h T Extra Examples Here are some examples of adjectives that compare two or more things Regular big boring pretty happy careful important To Compare bigger more boring prettier happier more careful more important To Show the Most biggest most boring prettiest happiest most careful most important Do you notice a pattern? Most adjectives with... from tree to tree “Hey, look,” said Tom “That one is the same color as Kate’s shirt!” Adjectives can describe who owns, or possesses, something “There must be 100 birds in here,” said Kate Her eyes darted from one bird to the next Numbers are also used as adjectives They describe how many of something there are show how Adjectives can ing there are many of someth 17 “We’d better move along,” said Uncle... that replace nouns, such as he, she, that, this, or it Sometimes pronouns act as adjectives Pronouns that show who possesses something are adjectives, such as his in “his eyes.” So are pronouns that show which part of a group is being talked about, such as that in “that one.” Which and other question pronouns are also adjectives 19 Whenever you d escribe somethin g, you use adjec tives “We’d better... Other Types of Adjectives rticularly fast! a This monkey is p “The tiny monkey with the fuzzy face is so fast,” said Tom He watched the monkey zip across a log and climb up a tree “A monkey that fast would be really hard to catch,” Kate added 14 “An elephant could never move that fast,” Tom said Small words like the, a, and an tell us about nouns, too In some cases, these words are adjectives For... As you read books and practice writing, you will learn more about which adjectives need more and most 11 e r compa u o y l when rtain u f e r a ce Be c nging ! a h C tricky e b nouns n ives ca adject smell t ’ n o Id long I take s! r showe “I thought the cats smelled bad,” Kate said “The elephants smelled worse,” Tom replied Some adjectives are unusual They do not follow the normal rules of making comparisons... comparison The two words are completely different! “Uncle Mike, that elephant’s leg is as tall as you!” said Kate Adjectives can also be used to describe the way two things are similar To do this, as is placed before and after the adjective 12 ACTIVITY Locate and List! Locate and list all the adjectives that compare things in the following sentences Be sure to only list an adjective if it is comparing... 6, 12, 17, 18 details, 6 -er endings, 10 -ful endings, 7 -less endings, 7 sentences, 8, 9, 13, 16, 21 similarities, 12 specific nouns, 15, 16 syllables, 11 unusual adjectives, 12 -y endings, 7 nouns, 6, 8, 15, 18, 19 numbers, 17 possessive adjectives, 17, 19 About the Author Josh Gregory writes and edits books for kids He lives in Chicago, Illinois 24 ... 17 “We’d better move along,” said Uncle Mike “It’s getting late, and we still have to go to the reptile house.” “Alright!” shouted Kate “I’m ready to see some snake teeth.” Nouns can often be used as adjectives Reptile and snake are both nouns, but they can also be used to describe other nouns Tom covered his eyes as they walked through the door of the reptile house “Whoa!” said Kate as she ran toward... those yucky reptiles!” added Tom 20 L A R ER R O L EXP NIOR JU STO P! DON’’T T WRITE IIN N THE BOOK! ACTIVITY Read and Rethink! Read the following sentences Then rewrite them, filling in the blanks with adjectives you think will work: Uncle Mike took Tom and Kate to the _ shop on the way out of the zoo “You can each pick out _ thing,” he said Tom and Kate looked at all of the _ stuff in the store ... are some common types of adjectives: Adjectives that end in -y: happy, tasty Adjectives that end in -ous: fabulous, famous Adjectives that end in -less: mindless, helpless Adjectives that end in... u a e b y r a sc Adjectives help create a clear picture fo r readers and listeners to imagine silly Tom and Kate used adjectives to tell about things they saw or wanted to see Adjectives are words... EXPLORER JUNIOR Adjectives big rough n e e gr huge by Josh Gregory Cherry Lake Publishing • ann arbor, michigan text: A note on the Certain words d are highlighte f as examples o Bold, c adjectives