PHP and MySQL Web Development - P167 doc

802 Appendix A Installing PHP and MySQL If you move MySQL and intend to run the MySQL executable, mysqld,you must tell it where everything is by supplying command line options. Use C:\mysql\bin\mysqld help to display all options. For example, if you have moved the MySQL distribution to 'D:\programs\mysql',you must start mysqld with: 'D:\programs\mysql\bin\mysqld basedir D:\programs\mysql'. If you move it and are running it as a Windows service, you need to create an ini file called my.ini and place it in your main Windows directory.Your ini file will have content something like this: [mysqld] basedir=D:/programs/mysql/bin/ datadir= D:/programs/mysql/data/ In the NT/2000/XP setup, the name of the MySQL server is mysqld-nt, and it will normally be installed as a service.A service is a program that runs constantly in the background intended to provide services to other programs.They usually run automati- cally when you start the machine, which will save you the effort of having to start them each time. You can install the MySQL server as a service by going to the windows command prompt and typing this: cd c:\mysql\bin mysqld-nt –install The response you should get is Service successfully installed. Now you can start and stop the MySQL service from the command line with: NET START mysql NET STOP mysql Note the executable’s name is mysqld-nt, but the service’s name is just mysql. If you run NET START mysql you should see the following message: The MySql service is starting. The MySql service was started successfully. After the server has been installed, it can be stopped, started, or set to start automatically using the Services utility (found in Control Panel).To open Services, click Start, point to Settings, and click Control Panel. Double-click Administrative Tools, and then double- click Services. The Services utility is shown in Figure A.4. If you want to set any MySQL options, you must first stop the service, and then specify them as startup parameters in the Services utility before restarting the MySQL service.The MySQL service can be stopped using the Services utility, or using the commands NET STOP MySQL or mysqladmin shutdown. 39 525x appA 1/24/03 3:38 PM Page 802 803 Installing Apache, PHP, and MySQL Under Windows Figure A.4 The Services utility allows you to configure the services running on your machine. To test whether or not MySQL is working, you can execute the following commands: C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow mysql C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin version status proc The first command (mysqlshow) should give you a list of databases.When installed, MySQL automatically creates two databases named mysql and test.The database mysql will be used for storing the permissions and access to the server.The database test is not required, but gives you a safe place to execute commands to see if things are config- ured correctly. The second command (mysqlshow mysql) will show you the tables in the mysql database. The third command (mysqladmin version status proc) will tell you about the current status of MySQL. The default configuration is not really ideal. There are a few loose ends we need to attend to: n Setting your PATH n Deleting the anonymous user n Setting the root password Setting Your PATH MySQL comes with lots of command line utilities with varying degrees of usefulness. None of these are easy to get at unless the MySQL binary directory is in your PATH.The purpose of this environment variable is to tell Windows where to look for executable programs. Many of the common commands you use at the Windows command prompt, like dir and cd,are internal and built into cmd.exe. Others, like format and ipconfig,have their own executables. It would not be convenient to have to type C:\WINNT\ system32\format if you wanted to format a disk. It would not be convenient to have to type C:\mysql\bin\mysql to run the MySQL monitor. 39 525x appA 1/24/03 3:38 PM Page 803 804 Appendix A Installing PHP and MySQL The directory that the executables for your basic Windows commands, like format.exe, reside in is automatically in your PATH, so you can simply type format. In order to have the same convenience with the mysql command line tools, we need to add it. Click Start, and choose Settings, Control Panel. Double-click System and go to the Advanced tab. If you click the Environment Variables button, you will be presented with a dialog box which allows you to view the environment variables for your system. Double-clicking PATH will allow you to edit it. Add a semicolon to the end of your current path to separate your new entry from the previous one then add c:\mysql\bin.When you click OK, your addition will be stored in the machine’s registry. Next time you restart the machine, you will be able to type mysql rather than C:\mysql\bin\mysql. Deleting the Anonymous User The default configuration of MySQL allows any user access to the system without pro- viding a username or password.This is obviously undesirable. The first thing we want to do is delete the anonymous user. Opening a command prompt and typing the following lines will accomplish that. c:\mysql\bin\mysql use mysql delete from user where User=''; quit c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin reload The anonymous user is now gone. Setting the root Password Even the superuser account, root, has no password yet.To set this user’s password type these lines: c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root password your_password c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root -h your_host_name password your_password You should find that tasks that previously required no username or password will now fail without this information.Attempting to run c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin reload or c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin shutdown will now fail. From now on, you will need to use the -u flag and provide a username, and the -p flag to tell MySQL that you have a password, as in this example: c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root -p reload 39 525x appA 1/24/03 3:38 PM Page 804 805 Installing Apache, PHP, and MySQL Under Windows If you type this command MySQL should now prompt you for the root password that you just set. If you need more information, please refer to the MySQL Web site, http://www.mysql.com. We are now ready to install Apache under Windows. Let’s begin! Installing Apache Under Windows Apache 1.3 and later is designed to run on Windows NT, 2000, and XP.The installer will only work with the x86 family of processors, such as Intel’s. Apache also runs on Windows 95, 98, and XP but these have not been tested. In all cases TCP/IP networking must be installed. Make sure you use the Winsock 2 library if you decide to install it under either Windows 95 or 98. We downloaded this file: apache_1.3.27-win32-x86-no_src.msi. This file contains the current version (within the 1.3 hierarchy) for Windows, without source code, packaged as an MSI file. MSI files are the package format used by the Windows installer. Unless you have a really elusive bug, or want to contribute to the development effort, it is unlikely that you will want to compile the source code yourself.This single file con- tains the Apache server ready to be installed. Double-clicking the file you downloaded to start the process. The installation process should look familiar to you. As shown in Figure A.5, it looks similar to many other Windows installers. Figure A.5 The Apache installer is easy to use. The install program will prompt you for the following: n The network name, server name, and administrator’s email address. If you are building a server for real use, you should know the answers to these questions. If you are building a server for your own personal use, the answers are not particular- ly important. 39 525x appA 1/24/03 3:38 PM Page 805 806 Appendix A Installing PHP and MySQL n Whether you want Apache to run as a service.As with MySQL, it is usually easier to set it up this way. n The installation type.We recommend the Complete option, but you can choose Custom if you wish to leave out some components such as the documentation. n The directory in which to install Apache. (The default is C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache.) After you choose all these options, the Apache server will be installed and started. Apache will be listening to port 80 (unless you changed the Port, Listen, or BindAddress directives in the configuration files) after it starts.To connect to the server and access the default page, launch a browser and enter this URL: http://localhost/ This should respond with a welcome page similar to that shown in Figure A.1, and a link to the Apache manual. If nothing happens or you get an error, look in the error.log file in the logs directory. If your host isn’t connected to the Internet, you might have to use this URL: http://127.0.0.1/ This is the IP address that means localhost. If you have changed the port number from 80, you will need to append :port_number on the end of the URL. Note that Apache cannot share the same port with another TCP/IP application. You can start and stop the Apache service from your Start menu: Apache adds itself under Programs->Apache HTTP Server. Under the “Control Apache Server” heading you will see that you can Start, Stop, and Restart the server. After installing Apache, you might need to edit the configuration files that live in the conf directory.We will look at editing the configuration file httpd.conf when we install PHP. If you need to enable Apache with SSL in Windows, you should follow the excellent FAQ at http://tud.at/programm/apache-ssl-win32-howto.php3 but be aware that it is not for the faint-hearted. Installing PHP for Windows There are a couple of different ways to do this.You can either install it manually, or use the InstallShield installer.You have a choice of downloads at the PHP site. Using the installer makes it amazingly easy and will give you a working PHP installa- tion but with no modules installed. Installing manually is also pretty simple and gives you a full set of modules.The choice is yours, but we recommend you use the manual approach as you will need many of the different modules as you work your way through this book.We will discuss both installations. 39 525x appA 1/24/03 3:38 PM Page 806 . whether or not MySQL is working, you can execute the following commands: C: mysql binmysqlshow C: mysql binmysqlshow mysql C: mysql binmysqladmin version status proc The first command (mysqlshow). Installing PHP and MySQL If you move MySQL and intend to run the MySQL executable, mysqld,you must tell it where everything is by supplying command line options. Use C: mysql binmysqld help. to run c: mysql binmysqladmin reload or c: mysql binmysqladmin shutdown will now fail. From now on, you will need to use the -u flag and provide a username, and the -p flag to tell MySQL that