HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 1) Subject Code: EN43 Full name: ………………………………............... Date of birth: ………………………………........... Group: ……………………………………............. I. Answer the following questions: (40 points) 1. What are the different current views on translation? 2. What is Nida''''s general theory of translating? (The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………II. Translation practice 1. Read the text and find out the features of the situational context (30 points) Fluctuation is a term which is used for describing the interdependence between episodic, fragmentary experiences which we make everyday, and structured knowledge which we need to accommodate anew, haphazardly made experiences, such as the meaning of hitherto unknown words or metaphors, the impact of new stories, and all the other experiences we make when we try to find adequate solutions for translation problems. Like any language user, translators strive to develop standard translation procedures which enable them, consciously or subconsciously, to render textual input by projecting source-text items onto the standard lexical (terminological), phraseological, syntactic, and textual patterns of the target linguistic repertoires. At least for translators who in their professional life enjoy the tremendous privilege of having to cope only with a fairly homogeneous spectrum of texts, translation is in part a habit. In order to practise habits, a translator has to learn them. This seems to be commonplace observation, but to be aware of its pedagogical significance, it is fundamental to the preparation of translation-teaching materials. ………………………………………………………………………………………………Field: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………Tenor: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mode: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Translate the text into Vietnamese (30 points) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Một số yêu cầu: + Sinh viên nộp file word lên hệ thống + Ghi rõ mã đề trong bài làm. Chú ý: + Chế tài xử lý đối với bài phát hiện có sự sao chép ( VD: nếu phát hiện sao chép thì bài làm của sinh viên sẽ không được công nhận và nhận điểm 0….) + Giảng viên có thể trao đổi, nhận xét góp ý cho bài làm của sinh viên trên diễn đàn hoặc buổi Vclass (SV tham gia lớp Vclass đầy đủ để được giải đáp) HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 2) Subject Code: EN43 Full name: ………………………………............... Date of birth: ………………………………........... Group: ……………………………………............. I. Answer the following questions: (40 points) 1. How do you understand Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence Method? Its application? 2. What are Nida''''s Philological Theories of translating? (The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………II. Translation practice 1. Read the text and find out the features of the situational context (30 points) Robin loved the life of the forest and he wanted to become one of the King''''s Foresters. But he had a quarrel with the Head Forester, who had got his father''''s place. During the quarrel Robin killed the Head Forester. He had to hide, because the Sheriff of Nottingham was looking for him and had offered a large sum of money for his head. Robin hid in Sherwood Forest, which he knew well. At that time it was called the Greenwood. There were many yeomen already there. They were hiding from the Norman noble, the rich tradesmen, the monks and the bishops. They were all outlaws. They all wore green clothes, to hide better in the Greenwood. Some of them knew Robin well. The outlaws had no chief and said to Robin: "In Nottingham there is a contest of archers. The archer who wins will get golden arrow and will crown the prettiest girl of the country as queen of the day. If you win the arrow, you will be our chief''''." ………………………………………………………………………………………………Field: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………Tenor: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mode: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Translate the text into Vietnamese (30 points) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Một số yêu cầu: + Sinh viên nộp file word lên hệ thống + Ghi rõ mã đề trong bài làm. Chú ý: + Chế tài xử lý đối với bài phát hiện có sự sao chép ( VD: nếu phát hiện sao chép thì bài làm của sinh viên sẽ không được công nhận và nhận điểm 0….) + Giảng viên có thể trao đổi, nhận xét góp ý cho bài làm của sinh viên trên diễn đàn hoặc buổi Vclass (SV tham gia lớp Vclass đầy đủ để được giải đáp) HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 3) Subject Code: EN43 Full name: ………………………………............... Date of birth: ………………………………........... Group: ……………………………………............. I. Answer the following questions: (40 points) 1. What are Nida''''s Linguistic Theories of Translating? 2. What are Nida''''s Sociolinguistic Theories of Translating? (The file sent will be named after each student’s name. Plagiarism will lead to failure) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………II. Translation practice 1. Read the text and find out the features of the situational context (30 points) ... He was a comely handsome fellow, perfectly well made, with straight, strong limbs, not too large, tall, and well shaped; and as I reckon, about twenty six years of age. He had a very good countenance, not a fierce and surly aspect, but seemed to have something very manly in his face; and yet he had all the sweetness and softness of a European in his countenance, too, especially when he smiled. His hair was long and black, not curled like wool: his forehead very high and large; and a great vivacity and sparkling sharpness in his eyes. The colour of his skin was not quite black, but very fawns. His face was round and plump; his nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a very good mouth, thin lips, and his fine teeth well set and as white as ivory... ...In a little time I began to speak to him, and teach him to speak to me: and, first, I let him know his name should be "FRIDAY", which was the day I saved his life. I called him so for the memory of the time. ………………………………………………………………………………………………Field: ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………Tenor: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mode: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Translate the text into Vietnamese (30 points) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Một số yêu cầu: + Sinh viên nộp file word lên hệ thống + Ghi rõ mã đề trong bài làm. Chú ý: + Chế tài xử lý đối với bài phát hiện có sự sao chép ( VD: nếu phát hiện sao chép thì bài làm của sinh viên sẽ không được công nhận và nhận điểm 0….) + Giảng viên có thể trao đổi, nhận xét góp ý cho bài làm của sinh viên trên diễn đàn hoặc buổi Vclass (SV tham gia lớp Vclass đầy đủ để được giải đáp)
Trang 1HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES
FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 1) Subject Code: EN43Full name: ………
Date of birth: ………
Group: ………
I Answer the following questions: (40 points)1 What are the different current views on translation? 2 What is Nida's general theory of translating?
(The file sent will be named after each student’s name Plagiarism will lead to failure)………
Trang 2………
………
Trang 4HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES
FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 2) Subject Code: EN43Full name: ………
Date of birth: ………
Group: ………
I Answer the following questions: (40 points)1 How do you understand Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence Method? Its application? 2 What are Nida's Philological Theories of translating?
(The file sent will be named after each student’s name Plagiarism will lead to failure)………
Trang 5………
II Translation practice 1 Read the text and find out the features of the situational context (30 points)Robin loved the life of the forest and he wanted to become one of the King'sForesters But he had a quarrel with the Head Forester, who had got his father's place.During the quarrel Robin killed the Head Forester He had to hide, because the Sheriffof Nottingham was looking for him and had offered a large sum of money for his head.Robin hid in Sherwood Forest, which he knew well At that time it was called theGreenwood There were many yeomen already there They were hiding from theNorman noble, the rich tradesmen, the monks and the bishops They were all outlaws.They all wore green clothes, to hide better in the Greenwood Some of them knewRobin well The outlaws had no chief and said to Robin: "In Nottingham there is acontest of archers The archer who wins will get golden arrow and will crown theprettiest girl of the country as queen of the day If you win the arrow, you will be ourchief'."………
………
………
………
Mode: ………
………
Trang 7HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES
FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 3) Subject Code: EN43Full name: ………
Date of birth: ………
Group: ………
I Answer the following questions: (40 points)1 What are Nida's Linguistic Theories of Translating? 2 What are Nida's Sociolinguistic Theories of Translating?
(The file sent will be named after each student’s name Plagiarism will lead to failure)………
Trang 8………
II Translation practice 1 Read the text and find out the features of the situational context (30 points) He was a comely handsome fellow, perfectly well made, with straight, stronglimbs, not too large, tall, and well shaped; and as I reckon, about twenty six years of age.He had a very good countenance, not a fierce and surly aspect, but seemed to havesomething very manly in his face; and yet he had all the sweetness and softness of aEuropean in his countenance, too, especially when he smiled His hair was long andblack, not curled like wool: his forehead very high and large; and a great vivacity andsparkling sharpness in his eyes The colour of his skin was not quite black, but veryfawns His face was round and plump; his nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a verygood mouth, thin lips, and his fine teeth well set and as white as ivory
.In a little time I began to speak to him, and teach him to speak to me: and, first, I let him know his name should be "FRIDAY", which was the day I saved his life I called him so for the memory of the time ………
………
………
………
Mode: ………
………
Trang 9I Trả lời các câu hỏi sau: (40 điểm)
Trang 10Những quan điểm hiện tại khác nhau về dịch thuật là gì?Lý thuyết chung của Nida về dịch thuật là gì?
II Thực hành dịch:Đọc văn bản và xác định các đặc điểm của ngữ cảnh tình huống (30 điểm)Dịch văn bản sang tiếng Việt (30 điểm)
BÀI KIỂM TRA GIỮA KỲ VỀ LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH (Số 2):I Trả lời các câu hỏi sau: (40 điểm)
Bạn hiểu phương pháp Tương đương Năng động của Nida như thế nào? Ứng dụng của nó?
Lý thuyết Ngữ văn của Nida về dịch thuật là gì?II Thực hành dịch:
Đọc văn bản và xác định các đặc điểm của ngữ cảnh tình huống (30 điểm)Dịch văn bản sang tiếng Việt (30 điểm)
BÀI KIỂM TRA GIỮA KỲ VỀ LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH (Số 3):I Trả lời các câu hỏi sau: (40 điểm)
Lý thuyết Ngôn ngữ học của Nida về dịch thuật là gì?Lý thuyết Xã hội ngôn ngữ của Nida về dịch thuật là gì?II Thực hành dịch:
Đọc văn bản và xác định các đặc điểm của ngữ cảnh tình huống (30 điểm)Dịch văn bản sang tiếng Việt (30 điểm)
BÀI LÀM:ĐỀ SỐ 1:MID-TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES (No 1):I Answer the following questions: (40 points)
1 What are the different current views on translation?Translation theories have evolved over the centuries, giving rise to various views on the nature and purpose of translation Today, there are several prominent perspectives on translation that scholars and translators often discuss
Linguistic View:The linguistic approach to translation sees translation as a linguistic process, where the translator converts a text from the source language into the target language while maintaining the same meaning This view focuses heavily on the grammatical and
Trang 11syntactic structures of both languages and stresses the importance of finding equivalent linguistic expressions Key figures in this view include Roman Jakobson, who introduced the concept of intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translation In this framework, translation is viewed as a process of decoding the meaning in one language and encoding it in another, paying particular attention to language rules and vocabulary.
Cultural View:The cultural approach, also known as the cultural turn in translation studies, emphasizes that translation is not just a linguistic transfer but also a cultural one Translators must consider the cultural contexts and nuances in both the source and target languages This perspective arose as scholars recognized that some words, phrases, and concepts are deeply embedded in the culture and may not have direct equivalents in the target language Eugene Nida, for example, argued that a good translation requires cultural as well as linguistic equivalence, which means translating ideas, not just words The cultural view suggests that translators should bridge cultural gaps and ensure that the translated text conveys the same impact as the original
Functionalist View:The functionalist approach to translation, led by scholars like Hans Vermeer and Katharina Reiss, emphasizes the purpose or function of the translation rather than focusing purely on linguistic accuracy According to this view, the most important factor in translation is the skopos, or the purpose of the translation The translation should meet the needs of the target audience, even if that requires some degree of adaptation or transformation of the original text This view allows for more flexibility in translation andprioritizes communicative effectiveness over literal faithfulness to the source text
Post-structuralist View:This view questions the possibility of complete equivalence between languages and suggests that translation is inherently an interpretive act Post-structuralists like Jacques Derrida argue that every translation is a form of rewriting, influenced by the translator's own interpretation and the limitations of language From this perspective, translation involves a creative and subjective process where the translator’s choices play a significantrole in shaping the final text
Machine Translation View:
Trang 12In recent years, the rise of technology has introduced the machine translation view, whereautomated systems such as Google Translate and neural networks perform translations This view focuses on the efficiency and speed of translation processes but acknowledges that machine translation struggles with nuances, idiomatic expressions, and cultural context Although machine translation has become increasingly sophisticated, it is still regarded as complementary to human translation rather than a replacement.
In summary, current views on translation range from linguistic and cultural approaches to more functional and interpretive perspectives, reflecting the complexity and multifaceted nature of translation as a discipline
2 What is Nida's general theory of translating?Eugene Nida is one of the most influential figures in the field of translation studies His general theory of translation focuses on the concept of dynamic equivalence, as opposed to formal equivalence Nida developed his theory while translating the Bible, and his work had a profound impact on both religious and secular translation practices.Dynamic Equivalence:
Nida’s concept of dynamic equivalence refers to a translation approach that seeks to reproduce the meaning of the original text in a way that makes sense to the target audience The goal is not just to translate words and grammatical structures, but to conveythe same effect that the original text would have on its readers In dynamic equivalence, the translator adapts the content and structure of the text to make it more accessible and relevant to the cultural and linguistic norms of the target audience
For example, when translating metaphors or idiomatic expressions, a dynamic equivalence approach might replace the source language's metaphor with one that conveys the same idea in the target language, even if the specific words or image differ The focus is on achieving the same emotional and cognitive response from the readers, making dynamic equivalence a more flexible and audience-centered approach
Formal Equivalence:In contrast, formal equivalence aims to maintain as much of the original form and structure as possible This approach focuses on translating words and sentences as closelyas possible to their counterparts in the source language, maintaining grammatical
structures and even word order Formal equivalence is more rigid and seeks to preserve the original text's form, but it may not always be as comprehensible or effective for the
Trang 13target audience, especially when cultural differences or idiomatic expressions are involved.
Application of Nida’s Theory:Nida's general theory of translating has been applied extensively in the translation of religious texts, particularly the Bible, where the goal is to communicate spiritual truths in a way that resonates with people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds His approach emphasizes that translation is not a word-for-word conversion but rather a process of cultural and linguistic adaptation to ensure that the target audience fully understands the intended meaning
Nida also introduced the concept of functional equivalence, which is closely related to dynamic equivalence Functional equivalence focuses on the communicative function of the translation and how well it achieves the intended effect on the target audience The translator must consider both the linguistic and cultural aspects of the text to ensure that the translation fulfills its communicative purpose
In summary, Nida’s general theory of translation advocates for a balance between dynamic and formal equivalence, with a strong emphasis on achieving a natural and clear translation that resonates with the target audience His theory highlights the importance ofunderstanding both the linguistic and cultural contexts of the text and emphasizes the translator's role as a mediator between languages and cultures
ĐỀ SỐ 2MID-TERM TEST ON TRANSLATION THEORIES (No 2):I Answer the following questions: (40 points)
1 How do you understand Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence Method? Its application?Eugene Nida's Dynamic Equivalence Method represents one of the most influential translation theories in the modern field of translation studies This method emphasizes producing a translation that conveys the same meaning and emotional effect in the target language as it does in the source language, even if the specific words or structure differ.Understanding Dynamic Equivalence:
Dynamic equivalence focuses on the effect a text has on its readers, with the primary goalbeing to recreate that effect in the translation Nida argued that translation should aim to make the message of the source text as clear and natural to the target audience as it wouldbe to a native speaker of the original language To achieve this, the translator must often
Trang 14prioritize sense and meaning over literal word-for-word translation, adapting expressions, idioms, and cultural references to the target culture.
For example, in translating biblical texts, which was Nida’s main area of focus, it was important not just to convey the literal meaning of the words, but to ensure that the spiritual and emotional message of the Bible was understandable and resonated with people from diverse cultural backgrounds
Nida contrasted dynamic equivalence with formal equivalence, which aims for a closer adherence to the grammatical and syntactic structure of the source text While formal equivalence might provide a more accurate representation of the original text’s linguistic form, it often falls short in terms of making the message clear and accessible to readers ofthe target language Dynamic equivalence, on the other hand, prioritizes the naturalness of the translation, ensuring that the translated text is easy to read and understand
Application of Dynamic Equivalence:Dynamic equivalence has found wide application in various forms of translation, especially in texts that need to communicate with a broad and diverse audience For example, it has been extensively applied in religious translations, such as the Bible, wherethe meaning and emotional impact of the text are of utmost importance
One of the key applications of this method is in translating idiomatic expressions For instance, the English idiom “it’s raining cats and dogs” would not make sense if translated literally into another language A dynamic equivalence approach would require the translator to find a comparable expression in the target language that conveys the same intensity of heavy rain without adhering to the literal words
Another area of application is in advertising and marketing translations, where cultural adaptation is crucial In such cases, dynamic equivalence ensures that slogans, taglines, and promotional materials resonate with the target audience's culture and language.In summary, Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence Method emphasizes the communicative function of translation, ensuring that the translation has the same effect on the target audience as the original had on its readers It prioritizes meaning and readability over strict adherence to form and structure, making it a widely accepted approach for translating texts aimed at broad and diverse audiences
2 What are Nida's Philological Theories of Translating?
Trang 15Nida's Philological Theories of Translating are deeply rooted in his understanding of language as a dynamic and functional system Philology, traditionally the study of language in historical texts, plays a critical role in Nida’s translation theories, as he emphasizes the importance of understanding both the linguistic and cultural evolution of alanguage when translating.
Philological Approach to Translation:Nida’s philological theories highlight the relationship between language, culture, and translation He believed that languages are shaped by their cultural contexts and that translators must have a deep understanding of both the historical and contemporary usage of the source and target languages By acknowledging the historical changes in meaning, usage, and connotation of words, a translator can provide a more accurate and culturally relevant translation
For Nida, philology is not merely about comparing linguistic structures or translating ancient texts word-for-word; it involves studying the way languages evolve, the meaningsthey carry over time, and how these meanings are affected by cultural shifts His theory stresses that a successful translation must account for these changes to ensure that the translated text resonates with the modern audience while remaining faithful to the originalintent of the author
Application of Philological Theories:Nida’s philological approach is particularly significant when translating ancient or classical texts, such as religious scriptures, legal documents, or literary works These textsoften contain language that has changed considerably over time, and a literal translation may not convey the intended meaning to a contemporary audience
For example, in translating the Bible, Nida applied his philological theories to interpret ancient Hebrew and Greek texts in a way that modern readers could understand He recognized that many words and phrases from ancient languages had shifted in meaning or usage, and he sought to capture the deeper, contextual meanings rather than relying on strict literal translations This approach helped make religious texts more accessible and meaningful to modern audiences while preserving the original message
Additionally, philological theories are essential in translating works from languages with rich historical backgrounds, such as Latin, Greek, or Sanskrit, where meanings have evolved over centuries A translator who understands the historical and cultural