Tài liệu tiếng anh trọng tâm giúp ôn tập hiệu quả và trọng tâm đạt 9+ . Phù hợp với tất cả mọi đối tượng và với cả các bạn mới bắt đầu ôn luyện. Kiến thức nền cơ bản ôn tập
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TỔNG HỢP KIẾN THỨC TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9
1 SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)
Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Ex : Water boils at 100o c Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V1 Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry Inter: Do/ does+ S + V1 …? Ex : How often do you go to school? *(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have
Diễn tả : Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán
Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên
Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then
Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít :
- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z
- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y → i + es ( She studies, Tom tries, He plays )
2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing? Diễn tả : Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết
2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi)
1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es) Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW
3 PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)
Diễn tả: Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra
S + has/ have + V3ed Ex: I’ve just opened the door
Ex: We have studied English for many years S + has/ have + not + V3ed Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently
Has/ Have + S + V3ed? Ex: How long have you studied English?
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Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai
Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…
4 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)
S + has/ have + been + Ving Ex: We have been studying English for many years S + has/ have + not + been + Ving
Has/ Have + S + been + Ving?
Diễn tả: - Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qkhứ, tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể đến Tlai
( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG
5 SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)
S + V2ed Ex: I saw him yesterday S + did + not + V1 Ex: She didn’t come last week Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Did Mr Lee phone an hour ago?
*(Be) : was / were → wasn’t, weren’t
Diễn tả: - Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác định rõ TG) Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…)
6 PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD)
S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday S + was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang
Diễn tả: Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …) 2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk (while: trong khi)
1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V2ed) Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…
7 PAST PERFECT (QKTD)
S + had + V3ed Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework S + had + not + V3ed
Had + S + V3ed ?
Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy ra trước 1 mốc TG ở Qk hoặc trước 1 hđ Qk
Với : ( trước: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2) 8 SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ)
S + will / shall + V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow S + will / shall + not + V1
Will / Shall + S + V1?
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*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t Diễn tả: Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai
Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 …?) Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)
9 FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT)
S + will / shall + have + V3ed
Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow Diễn tả: Hđộng sẽ hoàn tất trong tlai
* Notes:
1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định…
Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow
2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn
Be : Ex: I am a student now
Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive
Những động từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget,
mind, expect, recollect
Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish…
Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ …
on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ … 3 AT : ở tại (địa điểm nhỏ)
Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street… at home/ school/ work…
4 FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát) Ex: Mr Mac Donald is from Scotland 5 TO: đến (đích) Ex: Elizabeth went to the store
6 BETWEEN : ở giữa (2 người / vật) Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam and Nga
7 AMONG: ở giữa , trong số Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers II Prep Of Time
1 IN: 1977( 1890, 2008…)
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the summer (winter…)
the morning (afternoon, evening…) time: kòp luùc
an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour.
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4 SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ … Ex: He has studied English since 1900
5 FOR (+ 1 khoảng TG) : được… Ex: _ for 17 years
6 FROM: từ
7 TO : đến Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to 1992
III Some Other Prep :
1 By : bằng ,bởi Ex: They can enrich the soil by using fertilizers * by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ …
2 On foot: đi bộ
3 For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) Ex: What would you like for breakfast?
Ex: Some people read for pleasure 4 With : với , bằng Ex: He went with her
6 Of : của Ex: The window of the living room B PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:
1 Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important,
kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.)
2 Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful
3 Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud
4 Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry (S.O) 5 Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far
6 Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with
someone)
7 Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up 8 Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T)
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C VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION:
1 catch sight of : trông thấy 2 give place to : nhường chỗ cho 3 give way to : nhượng bộ ,tránh đường cho 4 keep pace with : theo kịp, sánh bước 5 lose sight of : mất hút, không thấy 6 lose touch with : mất liên lạc với 7 lose track of : mất dấu vết của 8 make allowance for: chiếu cố đặc biệt 9 make fun of : chế nhạo
10.make a fuss over/ about
: cuống quýt về việc gì
11 make room for : dọn chỗ cho 12 make use of : sử dụng 13 pay attention to : chú ý đến 14 put a stop to : làm dừng lại 15 put an end to : chấm dứt 16 set fire to : châm lửa, đốt 17 take account of : chú ý đến 18 take advantage of : lợi dụng 19 take care of : chăm sóc 20 take note of : chú ý đến 21 take notice of : chú ý tới
E CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC
1 belong to : thuộc về 2 on the contrary : ngược lại 3 on the whole : nói chung 4 be up to = depend on : tuỳ thuộc vào 5 listen to : lắng nghe 6 suffer from : bị, chịu
7 free from : giải phóng khỏi 8 write …to : viết … cho… 9 wait for : chờ
10 ask …for : hỏi xin 11 look at : nhìn 12 look after : chăm sóc
13 look up : tra từ điển 14 look out : nhìn ra ngoài 15 look for : tìm kiếm 16 laugh at : cười nhạo 17 good at : giỏi về cái gì 18 good for : tốt cho cái gì 19 prevent… from : ngăn … không cho 20 be in bed : nằm trên giường 21 regard … as : xem như
22 be divided into : được chia thành 23 take part in : tham gia vào
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LESSON 3: WORD FORM
( Từ Loại )
A PARTS OF SPEECH: I Noun (n)
1) n + V : làm S cho V 2) V + n : làm O cho V 3) prep + n : làm O cho prep
4) be (là) + n : làm C ( C : complement: bổ ngữ) 5) adj + n
Ex: People can see new film at the cinema S O O He is a scientist
C * Notes:
- a, an ,the
- this, that, these, those - some, any, many, … + n - my, your, Tom’s, …
II Adjective (adj.): 1) adj + n
2) adv + adj
3) be (thì, là ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vị), get, grow,remain,
stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj Ex: That young girl is very beautiful III Adverb (adv):
1) S + Vi + adv Ex: They arrived safely
2) S + Vt + O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly 3) S + Vaux + adv + Vmain Ex: He can surely do it
4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right
5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly
6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently ( or: adv + S + V + … ) (or: Recently we have bought it at that store.)
IV Verb (v) : V đứng sau S
Các hình thức của V còn được dùng ở nhiều vị trí khác
Participle: Present participle ( Ving) Past participle ( V3ed) 1) Used in Continuous tenses ( Ving)
2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V3ed) 3) Used as Adj: Ving → Active meaning V3ed → Passive meaning Ex: a/ The match excites the fans
The match is exciting The fans are excited
Trang 8II n + suffix → adj :
- ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful
- less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless - ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily
n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike = adj
- y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy - ish : foolish, selfish, childish
- al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural III OUT + Vi → Vt (tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) :
outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh
IV UNDER + n / V → n / V( thấp hơn, bên dưới, kém hơn) : undergrowth, undercharge
V OVER + n/ Adj /V → n/ Adj / V ( quá giới hạn, vượt, quá nhiều) overcoat, overanxious, overact
C WORD FORM CHARTS:
1 satisfy (v)
satisfied( past Part) satisfying (pres part) satisfactory (adj) satisfactorily (adv) satisfaction (n)
2 disappoint(v)
disappointed(past Part) disappointing(pres part) disappointedly(adv) disappointment(n) 3 tolerate(v)
tolerated( past Part) tolerant(adj)
tolerable(adj) tolerably(adv) tolerance(n) 4 important (adj)
importance(n) 5 difficult(adj)
difficulty(n)
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6 determine (v) determination (n) 7 tend (v)
tendency(n) 8 occupy (v)
occupied (past Part) occupation(n)
occupational (adj) 9 potential (adj) / (n) 10 expect(v)
expected (past Part) expecting(pres part) expectant(adj) expectantly(adv) expectation(n) 11 prefer(v)
preferential(adj) preferentially(adv) preference(n)
12 attract(v)
attracted(past Part) attractive(adj) attractively(adv) attraction(n) 13 reason(v)
reasonable(adj) reasonably(adv) reason(n) 14 absorb(v)
absorbed(past Part) absorbent(adj) / (n) absorptive(adj) absorption(n) 15 deafen(v)
deaf(adj) / (n) deafness(n) 16 militarize(v)
militaristic(adj) military(adj) / (n) militarily(adv) militarism(n)
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( Mệnh Đề Trạng Từ Chỉ Thời Gian)
I PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
Ex: 1/ a We always take our umbrellas when it rains b We are singing as she comes
2/ a I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus b I’m writing while they are talking
3./ He goes home after he has finished his work 4/ a She has played the piano since she was five
b I’ve felt much better since I’ve been here 5/ a She greets me as soon as she sees me
b He continues his journey as soon as he has finished his meal
S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving(đang…)
WHILE =AS S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving(đang…)
4 S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed SINCE S + V2ed→ ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed→ Vẫn còn
UNTILL = TILL S + VS + HAS / HAVE + V1 / s / es3ed→ Hoàn tất
II PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
EX: 1/ a I sat near the window whenever I took a bus b It was raining hard when I got there
2/ a I met him while I was walking down the street b I was writing while he was reading
3/ He smoked after he had finished his meal 4/ He had finished his meal before he smoked 5/ a He left as soon as I told him
b He left as soon as he had finished his work
Trang 11S + V2
2 S + V2
S + WAS / WERE + Ving (đang…)
WHILE =AS S + WAS / WERE + Ving (đang…)
S + HAD + V3ED →Hoàn tất
II FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
EX: 1/ a We’ ll go when we want
b I’m goint to wait until you have finished your homework
2/ We will have finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow
Note: Không dùng thì Tlai trong Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG→ Dùng các thì Htại thay thế
( Dựng & Trả Lời Câu Hỏi)
Yes - No Inter form? Yes, SNo, Spronpron + Vpreceding Q.
Or Inter form + A or B? Affir form + A/B
Wh Wh + Inter form? Affir form
Ex: 1 Uncle Ho / die / 1969?
- Did Uncle Ho die in 1969? → Yes, he did
2 Faraday / writer or scientist?
- Was Faraday a writer or a scientist? → He / Faraday was a scientist
3 When / Tom / go / school?
- When does Tom often go to school?
→ He/Tom often goes to school in the morning
Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG) 1 S + WILL / SHALL + V1
OR: S + AM / IS / ARE GOING TO + V1
WHEN =AS AS SOON AS UNTILL = TILL
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Notes:
1 When “Wh” is the Subject or Modifies the Subject
→ Affir form is used in the Q Ex: a/ Who can swim? → Nam can swim
b/ How many students are absent today? → Two students are absent today
2 Tag Question:
Ex: The weather is nice , isn’t it ? → Yes, it is
3 Commands:
V1…( Hãy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give… → They are / It is …
Ex: Name some English scientists
→ They / Some E scientists are Newton, Faraday, …
( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách)
A: S + V + O
P: S + BE + V3ed + by O
(chia thì theo động từ của câu Active)
(A : Active P : Passive) Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day
P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day 2/ A: They saw him in the shop
P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )
+ being
Was / were Has / have
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Will (would) Shall (should) Can(could) May (might)
Must + V1
Be going to Be able to Have to Ought to Used to
Will (would) Shall (should) Can(could) May (might)
Must + be
Be going to Be able to Have to Ought to Used to
+ V3ed
Notes: 1/
Ex: A: Lan gave Mary some books OI OD
P: Mary was given some books by Lan
OR:(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)
2/
A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V … P: S + BE + V3ed + TO + V1
OR: IT + BE + V3ed + by + O + (THAT) S + V V: SAY KNOW THINK BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR TELL CLAIM PROVE
CONSIDER…
Ex : A : They say that they has been ill
P : He is said to have been ill (or : It is said that he has been ill.)
A: S + V + OI + OD
P: S + BE + V3ed + OD + by + O
OR:( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O)
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( Câu Điều Kiện)
Types and Use
(Loại và Cách dùng )
If Clause ( Mđề IF) Main Clause ( Mđề chính) 1 Future Possible
→ ĐK có thể xảy ra ở HT&TL
2 Present Unreal: → ĐK không thể xảy ra ở HT&TL
might Ex: 1 If it is fine, we will go
2 I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird
3 If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?
A/ UNLESS = IF … NOT
If + Neg form = Unless + Affir form
am /is/ are not do /does not + V1
If + S + did not+V1
were not had not+ V3ed
am /is/ are V1/s /es
= UNLESS + S + V2ed
were
had + V3ed
Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks
= Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks
Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđịnh, Mđề chính ở thể Pûđịnh , ta có thể chuyển sang
UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđịnh Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful
= Unless you are lazy, you can be successful
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B/ CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TÌNH HUỐNG
T HUỐNG CHO: 1.Có từ “OR” : viết đk loại 1 2 H.tại : loại 2 3.Q khưÙ : loại 3
4.Có từ “SO”: viết xuôi S + V SO S + V
➔ IF + S + V , S + V 5.Có từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược
S + V because S +V
➔ IF + S + V , S + V 6 Phủ định viết khẳng định & ngược lại
Examples: 1 I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor
➔If I were clever, I would be a doctor
2 John was sick because he ate much cake
➔If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick
Trường hợp khác : 1
S+ can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to +V1
IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1 ( Đk 1)
Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week ➔ If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it 2
V 1 or S + will /can +V1 ➔ S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1
Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail the exam
➔ You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard
LESSON 8 : UNREAL WISHES
( Ước Muốn Không Thể Xảy Ra)
Trang 16b) We wish it (be) would be sunny soon c) If only we (see) saw a UFO now
d) He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday
a
Note:
- Thêm S ( nếu thiếu)
- Kđịnh Pđịnh ( và ngược lại) - Htại Qkhứ;
( Danh Động Từ & Động Từ Nguyên Mẫu)
S+ be sorry
What a pity + ( that) S + V It is a pity
S + regret + Ving / S + V S + do / does not like + Ving / to v1
Trang 17
A GERUND (Ving) : đóng vai trò V & N cùng một lúc
Vai trò:
1 S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.)
2 O - Sau prep (Ex: We are interested in studying English.) - Sau một số V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.)
3 C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural
resources.)
Notes: The + Ving + of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.) B GERUND OR INFINITIVE :
I Các động từ được theo sau bằng động từ nguyên mẫu (To+V1)
Theo qui luật thông thường, động từ nào đúng sau một động từ khác thì phải ở dạng nguyên mẫu (TO +V1)
Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr Duran b) Mary asked John to help her
c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist d) Every body is expecting her to come
II Các động từ & cụm từ được theo sau bằng Ving :
1 acknowledge 2 admit
3 appreciate 4 avoid 5 celebrate 6 consider
7 delay =postpone 8 deny
9 detest 10 discontinue 11 discuss 12 dislike 13 endure 14 enjoy 15 escape 16 explain
17 fancy = imagine 18 feel like
19 finish 20 forgive 21 include 22 involve 23 justify
24 keep(continue) 25 mention
26 mind 27 miss 28 practise 29 prevent 30 prohibit 31 propose 32 quit 33 recall 34 report 35 resent 36 resist 37 risk 38 suggest 39 support 40 tolerate 41 understand
42 be accustomed to = be used to 43 be busy
44 be worth 45 can’t help 46 can’t stand
47 get used to = become accustomed to 48 look forward to
49 it’s no good 50 it’s no use
III Các động từ được theo sau bằng Ving / To V1 nhưng không dổi nghĩa:
1 continue 5 begin
Trang 18IV Các động từ được theo sau bằng Ving / To V1 nhưng dổi nghĩa:
1 FORGET, REGET, To V1 : sẽ xảy ra ( Tlai) +
REMEMBER Ving : đãõ xảy ra ( Qkhứ)
Ex: a) Remember to sent John a present Today is his birthday
b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget
Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee
b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough
4 NEED + To V1 : cần phải làm ( ý chủ động) Ving : cần phải được làm ( ý bị động)
Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder
b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting
V Một số trường hợp khác:
1 ADVISE To V1 Ex: The police allow us to go there ALLOW +
PERMIT
RECOMMEND V ing Ex: The police allow going there