This book is for students who are learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at National University of Civil Engineering. The book is designed to help students to use English more efficiently in reading materials on architecture and building construction that is very useful for their studies now and their jobs in the future. This workbook contains a number of practical exercises which are divided into six units, three sample tests and suggested answer keys. The exercises allow students to practise their understanding of the vocabulary and the sentence patterns as well as to consolidate the knowledge that they have studied in the ESP course. The three sample tests are designed in order to provide students with fulllength versions of a ESP test . It introduces students to the format of the real ESP test at National University of Civil Engineering the to help them have good preparation for their final ESP test. We hope that you will enjoy using our workbook. With our best wishes for your progress in English. The authors would like to thank to the teachers who have commented on these materials and have given editorial advice.
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WORK BOOK The third edition MATERIAL CIRCULATION HANOI JANUARY 2018 Page ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WORK BOOK The third edition Editors : Tran Thi Minh Huyen Nguyen Dieu Anh HANOI January 2018 Page CONTENTS Preface Unit Properties and Shapes Unit Location Unit Structure 14 Unit Measurement 18 Unit Process Function and Ability 22 Unit Process Actions in Sequence 26 Sample Test 31 Sample Test 34 Sample Test 37 References 40 Page PREFACE This book is for students who are learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at National University of Civil Engineering The book is designed to help students to use English more efficiently in reading materials on architecture and building construction that is very useful for their studies now and their jobs in the future This workbook contains a number of practical exercises which are divided into six units, three sample tests and suggested answer keys The exercises allow students to practise their understanding of the vocabulary and the sentence patterns as well as to consolidate the knowledge that they have studied in the ESP course The three sample tests are designed in order to provide students with full-length versions of a ESP test It introduces students to the format of the real ESP test at National University of Civil Engineering the to help them have good preparation for their final ESP test We hope that you will enjoy using our workbook With our best wishes for your progress in English The authors would like to thank to the teachers who have commented on these materials and have given editorial advice Page Unit Properties and Shapes Part 1: Choose the words or phrases which best complete the following sentences Glass is used for window pane because it is …………… A opaque B combustible C transparent D permeable The church in the diagram …………… a triangular prism A shapes like B has shape like C is shaped like D is like shape Asbestos sheeting can be used to fireproof doors because it is …………… A impermeable B non-combustible C corrosion resistant D transparent Which arch is …………….? A horseshoed-shape B shaped-horseshoe C horseshoe-shape D horseshoe-shaped The cross-section of the brick is …………… in shape A square B triangular C circular D rectangular A tile of rubber can be bent because rubber is …………… A rigid B plastic C flexible D heavy Light sheet materials act as space-divider, but not …………… A support structural loads B support loading structure B support for structural loads D load to structural support Glass wool is used to keep the heat in hot-water tanks because it has …………… A thermal insulation is good B the property of good thermal insulation C a good property of heat insulation C insulation of heat is good Rod materials can be used for both …………… A supporting the building B dividing the space in the building C preventing moisture D both A and B 10 Walls …………… up of block materials can support the loads and divide the space in the building A are making B made C are made D make 11 A rubber tile can be …………… easily because it is flexible A scratched B stretched C bent D dented 12 Sheet materials are used to form walls which act as both …………… and structural support A roof-dividers B space-dividers C floor-dividers D hall-dividers 13 …………… materials can be used for structural support only A Block B Sheet C Rod D all are correct 14 Some steel is covered with a thin layer of zinc because zinc is …………… A flexible B transparent C permeable D corrosion resistant 15 Walls made up of blocks act as both space-dividers and …………… A structural support B cladding C partitions Page D external envelops 16 Bitumen can be dented or scratched easily because it is …………… A elastic B plastic C flexible D soft 17 You can see through glass because glass is …………… A opaque B combustible C permeable D transparent 18 These buildings are lighter and faster …………… than buildings made up of blocks A construct B constructed C to construct D constructing 19 …………… is used for window panes because it is transparent A Wood B Clay C Glass D Zinc 20 The polythene membrane can prevent moisture …………… rising into the concrete floor A out B from C in D of 21 …………… are used to support the loads on a building A Materials build B Built materials C Materials building D Building materials 22 The cross section of a square prism is …………… A a square shape B square in shape C in shape square D square in shaped 23 Sheet materials are typically used for …………… construction buildings A mass B planar C frame D primitive Part 2: Use the correct form of the word given in brackets at the end of each item to complete the sentence Rod materials can be fixed together to form …………… structures (FRAME) Sheet materials act as both space-dividers and …………… support (STRUCTURE) The form of a component is …………… to the way in which it is used (RELATE) Stainless steel does not go rusty because it is …………… resistant (CORRODE) Some steel …………… with a thin layer of zinc (COVER) Sheet materials are used for …………… space (DIVIDE) A concrete arch bridge is a bridge with an arch …………… of reinforced concrete (MAKE) Rubber can be …………… and will then return to its original shape (STRETCH) Copper is a good …………… of heat (CONDUCT) Part 3: Use the words and phrases in each item to build a complete sentence You can make any changes or additions if necessary cross-section / rectangular prism / be / rectangular / shape ……………………………………………………………………………………………… steel beam / be / I-shaped / cross-section Page ……………………………………………………………………………………………… concrete / can be / form / rods / and / use / columns ……………………………………………………………………………………………… polythene membrane / prevent / moisture / rise / concrete floor ……………………………………………………………………………………………… which building component / be / C-shaped / cross-section? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… the dome / an Egyptian house / shaped like / hemisphere ……………………………………………………………………………………………… longitudinal section / cylinder / be / rectangular / shape ……………………………………………………………………………………………… you / can see / glass / but / not / wood ……………………………………………………………………………………………… spaces / between / rods / can / fill / light / sheet materials ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 which building / have / diamond-shaped / window ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 black cloth blinds / can / used / keep / light / out of / room ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 glass wool / not / transmit / heat / easy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 these walls/ act / both / space-divider / structural support ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 glass / cannot / be / dent / or / scratch / easy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 stone / have / property / high / compressive strength ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Part 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed above it Steel has the property of high tensile strength Steel can …………………………………………………………………………… The minaret is shaped like a pencil The minaret is ……………………………………………………………………… The church has diamond-shaped windows The windows ……………………………………………………………………… Timber can resist high tensile forces Timber has ………………………………………………………………………… Page Wood is combustible, so it can burn Wood can ……………………………………………………………………… Brick has the property of good sound insulation Brick does not …………………………………………………………………… The windows of the church are shaped like diamonds The church has ………………………………………………………………… Mineral wool does not transmit heat easily Mineral wool has ……………………………………………………………… The Arabic arch is horseshoe-shaped The Arabic arch is …………………………………………………………… 10 Heat can be transferred through copper easily because copper is a good conductor of heat Copper is ……………………………………………………………………… 11 Stainless steel is corrosion resistant Stainless steel can ……………………………………………………………… Part Read the following passage and answer the questions Block is a building unit made of concrete whose nominal size is 8‟‟ x 8‟‟ x16‟‟, but whose actual size is 75/8‟‟ x 75/8‟‟ x 155/8‟‟ Today block is popular for building everything from a foundation wall to a complete building Blocks weigh between forty and fifty pounds each; the weight variance is mainly due to the different weights of the aggregate used Block may be solid – which means they are totally solid or have small air cells in them – or contain voids, or “cores” (either two or three), to reduce the weight of the block Although most blocks are very strong and can be used for most purposes, whether they are suitable for a particular application should be checked with a supplier before purchase Blocks are also arranged in grades according to where they can be used Type N blocks are designed for use above or below grade, whether subject to water penetration or not Type S blocks are designed for use inside, where they are protected from the weather The basic difference between the two types of blocks is the aggregate used What is the actual size of block? …………………………………………………………………………………………… What is the weight variance mainly due to? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Why are there small air cells in the blocks? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… How many kinds of blocks are mentioned in this passage? What are they? …….……………………………………………………………………………………… What is the basic difference between the two types of blocks? …….……………………………………………………………………………………… Page Unit Location Part 1: Choose the words or phrases which best complete the following sentences The covered porch is placed …………… the entrance A beyond B under C over D at the top of There is a …………… under the window opening A lintel B shutter C sill D edge The front wall of the house is …………… to the side walls A parallel B perpendicular C opposite D beyond The windows are placed …………… A either side of the door B on either side of door C on either side of the door D in either side of the door The side walls are …………… to each other A parallel B perpendicular C opposite D beyond House A has the best …………… for a hot country A orientation B dimension C direction D boundary C along D on either side The gutter runs …………… the edge of the roof A under B over A view looking straight down on a cut-away view of the interior of a building is known as ……… A a plan B an elevation C a perspective D a design The longer walls of the house face north and south to minimise the area of wall …………… A exposes to the sun B exposed to the sun C is exposing to the sun D to expose the sun 10 The back door of the house does not have a …………… over it A covered porch B lintel C canopy D roof 11 The chimney stack extends …………… the top of the roof A out B beyond C over D along 12 The short …………… of the building is orientated east-west A axis B direction C dimension D orientation 13 The …………… is in the centre of the chimney stack A fire place B down pipe C flue D waste pipe 14 The building site …………… A bounds a road to the west B bounded to a west road C is bounded with a west road D is bounded by a road to the west 15 There is a …………… at the bottom of the chimney stack A flue B fire place C waste pipe Page D letter box 16 In which …………… the longer walls of the stadium face? A orientation B direction C axis D dimension 17 There are …………… on either side of the windows A shutters B gutters C knockers D lintels C in front of D in the centre of C sill D knocker 18 The entrance is situated …………… the stairs A at the bottom of B at the top of 19 The …………… is in the centre of the door A canopy B flue 20 The ground slab foundation …………… beyond the perimeter walls A runs B extends C is orientated D faces Part 2: Use the correct form of the word given in brackets at the end of each item to complete the sentence The dining room is …………… next to the kitchen (SITUATE) …………… south, the living room is to the right of the bedroom (LOOK) The …………… of the long axis is north-south (ORIENTATE) The hall is …………… in the centre of the first floor (LOCATE) People waiting to enter the house need …………… from the weather (PROTECT) The architect placed the kitchen next to the dining room because it makes …………… food easier (SERVE) …………… from the rear, the chimney stack is on the left-hand side of the house (VIEW) An irrigation ditch runs along the northern …………… (BOUND) This house has the …………… length of wall exposed to the prevailing breeze? (MAXIMISE) 10 The client complained about the …………… position of the bedroom and living room (RELATE) 11 The dining room is on the left of the …………… (ENTER) Part 3: Use the words and phrases in each item to build a complete sentence You can make any changes or additions if necessary car park / bounded / road / the west ……………………………………………………………………………………………… irrigation ditch / run / along / north / boundary / building site ……………………………………………………………………………………………… people / wait / enter / house / need / protect / weather ……………………………………………………………………………………………… building site / have / vehicular access / road / north ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Page What is the major function of the exterior walls? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What should the exterior skin be like? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What determines the size and location of door and window openings? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What else also determines them in China and some other countries? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 23 Unit Process Actions in Sequence Part 1: Choose the words or phrases which best complete the following sentences After …………… the partitions, the workmen lay the floor finishes A erecting B excavating C laying D installing The foundations …………… before the column base plates are fixed A are constructing B construct C have constructed D have been constructed The ………… installs the heating equipment from the beginning of week 26 to the end of week 40 A roofing contractor B cladding fixer C heating contractor D steel erector Having erected the partitions, the workmen …………… the floor finishes A construct B install C lay D excavate The balustrade fixing plates have been fixed before the weatherproof roof membrane is ………… A erected B fixed C installed D laid The suspended ceiling are fixed, after the …………… have been installed A services B corner units C floor finishes D partitions The …………… is installed during this phase A electric wiring B balustrade fixing plate C vertical cladding panel D concrete floor slab From the beginning of week 21 to the end of week 30 the plumbers installed the …………… A roof covering B heating equipment C electrical equipment D pipework and sanitary equipment While the cladding ……………., some of the electrical equipment is installed A is fixed B is fixing C is being fixed D fixes 10 The building was completed …………… schedule A on B in C at D of 11 The wrong paint was …………… to the decorators A settled B delivered C made D carried 12 Immediately after the cladding fixers …………… the carpenters begin A have finished B finished C finish D are finished Part 2: Use the correct form of the word given in brackets at the end of each item to complete the sentence Before …………… these, the workmen erect the corner units (FIX) The …………… started one week late (DECORATE) Page 24 This resulted in the bricklayers …………… three weeks longer than expected (WORK) …………… was delayed for two weeks (EXCAVATE) For six months after ……………., there is a period known as the „defects liability period‟ (COMPLETE) Several building …………… are invited to bid for the job of constructing the building (CONTRACT) The architect makes sure that the materials …………… in the contract are being used (SPECIFY) By …………… on extra men, the building was completed on schedule (PUT) Part 3: Use the words and phrases in each item to build a complete sentence You can make any changes or additions if necessary excavation / delay / weeks / because / excavator / break down ……………………………………………………………………………………………… work / now start / the building ……………………………………………………………………………………………… by / put on extra men / building / complete / schedule ……………………………………………………………………………………………… this result / bricklayers / work weeks longer /expected ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Why / steel frames / erect / before / wall planks / fix? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… workmen / begin / initial state / by / excavate /ground ……………………………………………………………………………………………… concrete foundations / require / solid ground / support them ……………………………………………………………………………………………… weatherproof membrane / lay / balustrade fixing panels …… ……………………………………………………………………………………… as soon as / plumber / finish / carpenter / begin ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 while / cladding / fix / some / heating equipment / install ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 decorators / should / finish / no later / end / week 50 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 bricks / short supply / during / week 15 / 20 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 25 Part 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed above it Why have the foundations been constructed before the column base plates are fixed? Why are …………………………………………………………………………………………? The plumbers begin their work as soon as the bricklayers have finished The plumbers …………………………………………………………………………………… Several building contractors are invited to bid for the job of constructing the building Several building contractors are ………………………………………………………………… Excavation was delayed for weeks because the excavator broke down If … …………………………………………………………………………… ….…………… The steel erectors work simultaneously with the bricklayers The steel erectors ………………………………………………………………………………… The machine drivers should finish no later than the end of week The machine drivers should ……………………………………………………………………… The plumbers work at the same time as the roofing contractor The plumbers …………………………………………………………………………………… Having completed the preparation of the site, the workmen begin the initial stage After the workmen ……………………………………………………………………………… The decorators work up to the end of week 50 The decorators …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 This architect has received a commission for a building This architect has been …………………………………………………………………………… 11 The roofing constructor spent seven weeks laying the roof covering It took …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 The services have been installed before the suspended ceilings are fixed The suspended ceilings…………………………………………………………………………… 13 The glaziers should finish their work by the end of week 44 The glaziers should ……………………………………………………………………………… 14 The cladding fixers work until the end of week 30 The cladding fixers …………………………………………………………………………… 15 The plumbers install the pipework and sanitary fittings The pipework and sanitary fittings ……………………………………………………………… 16 The joiners manufacture the doors, windows and screens in the factory The doors, windows and screens …………………………………………………………… 17 The floor joists, roof timbers, floors and windows are fixed by the carpenters The carpenters …………………………………………………………………………………… Page 26 Part 5: Part 2: Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions Today the engineer has the advantage not only of empirical information, but also of scientific data that permit him to make careful calculation in advance When a modern engineer plans a structure, he takes into account the total weight of all its component materials This is known as the dead load, which is the weight of the structure itself He must also consider the live load, the weight of all the people, cars, furniture, machines, and so on that the structure will support when it is in use In structures such as bridges that will handle fast automobile traffic, he must consider the impact, the force at which the live load will be extended on the structure He must also determine the safety factor that is an additional capability to make the structure stronger than the combination of the three other factors The modern engineer must also understand the different stresses to which the materials in a structure are subject These include the opposite forces of compression and tension In compression the material is pressed or pushed together; in tension the material is pulled apart or stretched, like a rubber band In addition to tension and compression, another force is at work, namely shear, which we defined as the tendency of a material to fracture along the line of stress The shear might occur in a vertical plane, but it also might run along the horizontal axis of the beam, the neutral plane, where there is neither tension nor compression What advantage the engineers of modern times have over those earlier days? What four factors must an engineer consider when he plans a structure? According to the passage, what is a live load? What stresses on materials must the engineer understand? Where might a material fracture? Page 27 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SAMPLE TEST No1 Time allotted: 60 minutes Student‟s name: ………………………………………………………………………… Student‟s number: Class:………………………………………… _ Part 1: Choose the words or phrases which best complete the following sentences The back wall is …………… to the front wall A next B perpendicular C parallel D adjacent C shaped like D shape The column is …………… a cylinder A shape like B shaped liked An …………… material has the ability to keep out water A flexible B impervious C combustible D pervious The radiator …………… to transfer the heat from the hot water to the air in the room A functions B serves C acts D is designed The illumination from the lamp is 60 …………… A lumens B lux C amperes D joule Part 2: Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions Concrete and reinforced concrete are widely used throughout the non-temperate zones Cement is manufactured locally in many places Sand is found almost everywhere but it may be contaminated with soluble salts Suitable aggregate may be difficult to find Concrete is most frequently used for the structure, foundations and floor slabs of buildings Care must be taken when using concrete for walls and roofs Heat builds up on the exterior of concrete walls and roofs due to solar radiation and surface temperatures usually exceed air temperatures Then, because concrete walls tend to be thin and concrete has a low resistance to the passage of heat, heat is conducted into the interior Salts in aggregates and water can cause corrosion of the reinforcement and subsequent spalling of the concrete cover In hot-dry areas the rapid evaporation and shortage of water can result in low strength, cracking and high permeability Where are concrete and reinforced concrete widely used? …………………………………………………………………………………… …….… What is concrete most frequently used for? Page 28 …………………………………………………………………………………… Why are houses using concrete for walls and roofs usually hot? …………………………………………………………………………………… What causes corrosion of the reinforcement and spalling of the concrete cover? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 What results in low strength, cracking and high permeability of concrete? …………………………………………………………………………………… Part 3: Use the words and phrases given to write a complete sentence You can make any changes or additions if necessary 11 church / shaped like / triangular prism ……………………………………………………………………………………… … 12 short axis / factory / orientated / north-south ……………………………………………………………………………… 13 stone posts / spaced / metre centers ……………………………………………………………………………… 14 Mineral wool / not transmit / heat / easy ……………………………………………………………………………… …… …… 15 electric current / room / measured / amperes …………………………………………………………………………………… … Part 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed above it 16 What element is designed to divide space in the building? What element acts ………………………………………………………………… ? 17 The bottom of each stanchion is welded to a base plate The bottom of each stanchion ……………… ……………………………………… 18 The concrete column is capable of taking a compressive force of 2000 newtons The concrete column has ……………………………………………………………… 19 The building is bounded by a high wall to the south A high wall 20 The classroom has a length of 10 metres The classroom is ………………………………………………………………… Page 29 Part 5: Write a description of the following plan (About 100 words) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………….………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………,…………………………….…………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… Page 30 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SAMPLE TEST No Time allotted: 60 minutes Student‟s name: Student‟s number: Class:…………………………………………… Part 1: Choose the words or phrases which best complete the following sentences The partition …………… the building to provide visual screening A enables B acts C serves D functions C egged-shape D egg-shape The dome of the Egyptian house is …………… A egged-shaped B egg-shaped Asbestos sheeting can be used to fireproof doors because asbestos is …………… A pervious B combustible C soft D non-combustible The vertical members which are used to make the structure are called …………… A beams B posts C lintels D joists C over D at the top of The covered porch is …………… the entrance A on B under Part 2: Read the following passage and answer the questions By the simplest definition, architecture is the design of buildings, executed by architects However, of course, it is much more It is the expressions of thought in building It never should be simply understood as construction, the piling of stones, the spanning of spaces with steel rods and bars It is the intelligent creation of forms and spaces that in themselves express an idea Construction only became a basic factor in architectural thought during the Roman era at the time of the birth of Christ Before the time, architecture had been symbolic in forms and decoration The symbols that were materialized in Egyptian pyramids, Hindu temples and Japanese pagodas were the most powerful expression of each culture‟s beliefs They were works of architecture but not of construction Today, architecture is the art and the technique of construction Architects provide expert knowledge in design and construction for both buildings and their landscape What is the simplest definition of architecture? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 31 What does the pronoun it in the second line refer to? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What happened during the Roman era? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… What was architecture like before that time? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 What modern architects do? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Part 3: Use the words and phrases given to write a complete sentence You can make any changes or additions if necessary 11 cross-section / library / be / rectangular / shape …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 post-and-lintel structure / composed / straight member ……………………………………………………………………………………….… 13 function / air conditioner / control / temperature …………………………………………………………………………………… …… 14 university / function / place / educate / student …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 chimney stack / extend / roof / house ………………………………………………………………………….…….………… Part 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it 16 A railway line runs along the eastern boundary of the site The site is …………………… ……………………………….…………………… … 17 Brick has the property of high compressive strength Brick can…………………………………………………………………….………… 18 The steel channel is joined to the steel column by bolts The steel channel and ……………… ……………………………………………… 19 The roofing constructor spent seven weeks laying the roof covering It took…………………………………………… …………………… …………… 20 The shop is capable of serving up 200 customers per day The shop has…………….……………………………………………………………… Page 32 Part 5: Write a description of the following plan (About 100 words) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….……………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………….………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………….…………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… … ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………….………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………….………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………….………………………………….………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Page 33 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SAMPLE TEST No Time allotted: 60 minutes Student‟s name: Student‟s number: Class:…………………………………………… Part 1: Choose the words or phrases which best complete the following sentences These beams and stanchions are …………… steel A made up of B made of C made from D made into C beyond D along The gutter runs …………… the edge of the roof A over B on the top The partition …………… the building to provide visual screening A enables B acts as C serves D is designed Black cloth blinds can be used to keep the light out of room because they are …………… A transparent B impermeable C opaque D non-combustible The noise level of the television is measured in …………… A lumens B decibels C joules D newtons Part 2: Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions As a building material, wood is strong durable, light in weight, and easy to work In addition, it offers natural beauty and warmth to sight and tough Although it has become necessary to employ conversation measures to ensure a continued supply, wood is still used in construction in many and varied forms There are two major classes of wood: softwoods and hardwoods These terms not indicate the relative hardness, softness, or strength of wood Softwoods are evergreens, and are used for general construction Hardwoods come from deciduous or broadleaf trees, and are typically used for flooring, stairs, paneling, furniture, and interior trim The manner in which a tree grows affects its strength, its susceptibility to expansion and contraction, and its effectiveness as an insulator Tree growth also affects how pieces of sawn wood (lumber) may be joined to form structure and enclosure Grain direction is the major determining factor in the use of wood as a structural material Tensile and compressive forces are best handled by wood in a direction parallel to its grain Tensile forces perpendicular to the grain will cause the wood to split What property does wood have? Page 34 According to the passage, how many major classes of wood are there? What are they? What are hardwoods used for? What does the manner in which a tree grows affect? 10 What will cause the wood to split? Part 3: Use the words and phrases given to write a complete sentence You can make any or additions if necessary 11 stadium / bound / motorway / east 12 apartment / have / width / approximately / metre 13 mineral wool / provide / thermal insulation / wall 14 lowest floor / design / resist / passage of moisture 15 wooden joists / span / distance / / metre Part 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed above it 16 Steel has the property of high tensile strength Steel 17 The decorators work up to the end of week 50 The decorators………………………………………………………………………… 18 The suspended ceilings have been fixed before the partitions are erected The partitions are 19 The factory has the capacity to manufacture up to 200 windows a day The factory 20 The orientation of the short axis of the library is north-south The short axis………………………………………………………………………… Page 35 Part 5: Write a description of the following plan (About 100 words) ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ……………………………………………… … ………………………………… .………………………………… Page 36 References Cumming, J Architecture and building construction Longman, 1985 Hall, Eugene J The language of civil engineering in English [illustrations by Oscar Fernandez] New York : Regents Publishing Co., 1977 Taylor, R, Principles of good home design Estate News Zillow Blog : Dublin, Ohio , Sep 2013 https://books.google.com.vn/books?isbn=148314108X Design Primer for Hot Climates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(construction) Materials by colleagues at National University of Civil Engineering Page 37