PowerPoint Presentation 03/01/2014 1 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved1 Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd[.]
03/01/2014 Computing Essentials Chapter Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved SYSTEM • A computer needs data, which is simply raw facts made up of words, numbers, etc • Data is input into the system, processed, and transformed, by you, into information FIGURE 3-1 Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 SYSTEM • The raw facts in the definition of data come in a specific form This form is known as binary code – Bi comes from the Latin word for two – In binary code, the data can be presented in two options: a or a • It makes words or letters by stringing together these 0s and 1s in a particular order – This binary code is how a computer counts, whereas our own counting system is in base 10 Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved SYSTEM FIGURE 3-2 Bits can either be a or a Eight bits make up a byte or a standard character The word CELIA is made up of the depicted bytes Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 SYSTEM Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved SYSTEM • Electricity is actually defined as “the class of physical phenomena arising from the existence and interactions of electronic charge.” – Therefore electricity is a phenomenon and voltage measures its potential • If you vary these two in a consistent manner, then you have a signal – A signal can travel down a wire or even through the air Signals come in two general categories: analog and digital – Analog signals travel as a wave that has many points or states Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 SYSTEM FIGURE 3-3 Sine waves have many levels Here the sine wave has a high point B, a low point D, and points A, C, and E at the beginning, middle, and end Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved SYSTEM • It has a high point in B and a low point in D with points A, C, and E in between • A digital signal does not have points in between such as A, C, and E – It only has high and low points and varies instantaneously with no points in between – These high and low points are called high states and low states, which are just voltage levels Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 SYSTEM FIGURE 3-4 In contrast to sine waves, digital signals have just a high and a low point Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved HARDWARE • Hardware is something physical you can touch and feel such as your computer screen – If you take off a cover of a computer, you would see a green board with circuitry and extensions – This is known as a printed circuit board (PCB) or a motherboard – This is the foundation of the computer where all of the connections take place • On this foundation sits the central processing unit (CPU) Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 10 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 HARDWARE • The CPU is divided into four main parts: – Register Temporarily stores the pieces of information being processed – Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Carries out math and logic functions – Control Unit Coordinates the work of the register and ALU – Data Storage Stores the results Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 11 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved HARDWARE • When computing devices operate, they follow these four basic steps: – Get instructions – Decode instructions – Execute instructions – Store results Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 12 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 SMART PHONES AND TABLETS • A smart phone is a mobile phone that can access the Internet and is increasingly incorporating more PC-like features • Tablet PCs are flat computing devices that use touch screens Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 13 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved SOFTWARE • Software is the detailed instructions that control the operation of a computer system – “A software program is a series of statements or instructions to the computer The process of writing or coding programs is termed programming, and the individuals who specialize in this task are called programmers” • Software comes in two basic categories: – Application software – System software Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 14 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 SOFTWARE FIGURE 3-5 Through the use of a compiler or interpreter, familiar words are translated into machine code Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 15 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved OPERATING SYSTEMS AND MORE • Between the application software and the hardware sits the system software, one major part of which is the operating system (OS) – By definition, the OS is “the system software that manages and controls the activities of the computer” – Further, it serves as the “middle person” between the application software and the hardware components • OS manages the computer hardware and software while making sure that all tasks are executed correctly Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 16 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved 03/01/2014 OPERATING SYSTEMS AND MORE Technology Strategies for the Hospitality Industry, 2nd ed Peter D Nyheim and Daniel J Connolly 17 Copyright ©2012, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved