INTRODUCTION Currently, globalization is a strong development trend in every cotrade barriers untry, whether developing or developing Like other trends and institutions so far, globalization has both positives and n. INTRODUCTIONCurrently, globalization is a strong development trend in every country, whether developing or developing. Like other trends and institutions so far, globalization has both positives and negatives. More particularly than both aspects is the impediment to globalization. That is also the current dilemma that each country is facing in the context of market opening economy and extensive international integration in all fields. It is possible that the factors hindering the globalization process have caused many great consequences and greatly influenced not only economic integration and commercialization but also related to culture, politics and society. ,...Globalization and trade barriers are always a big concern of all countries in the world. Those factors can lead to the reversal of international trade and investment, greatly affecting emerging economies, which have high openness, which consider exports and foreign investment as growth drivers. exactly like Vietnam.In the face of very complicated changes related to trade and environment issues as well as the new legal and regulatory system, it is extremely important to prepare to prevent, limit and handle arising disputes. necessary, needs. From that fact, in this article I will present the issues raised above along with finding the answer to the real situation for Vietnam through the use of data from 2000 to present.CONTENTSCâu 1: Globalization is the process in which the countries of the world cooperate and depend on each other to create deeper and deeper linkages and interdependence between countries, organizations or individuals in all directions. economic, political, military, cultural, social... on a global scale. Globalization is the process of forming and operating a new structure of the world economy as a unified whole. Especially in the economic context, globalization is almost always used to refer to trade in general, especially the impact of trade liberalization, also known as free trade. From an economic point of view, one would only see global capital flows leading to the flow of engineering, technology, information and culture.“Globalization is not a unitary mass but an evolving set of consequences – some good, some bad, and some unforeseen” (John.B.Larson). Globalization always develops according to an inevitable trend that is parallel with a number of consequences, including positive, negative and unpredictable consequences. But globalization is born to make differences between countries, globalization reaches its maximum to erase differences and trade barriers.Because the global economic growth is so fast, that any country will not connect and learn, so it is inevitable that it will be left behind. The process of globalization takes place in each country and nation and is derived from their own broad and international development needs. The world economic linkage is expanding, accompanied by the emergence of many economic and financial linkage organizations in the region and the world such as the IMF, the World Bank or the European Union. …Up to now, multinational companies are appearing with a huge trend, then it has a great impact on the economic situation in that country, especially companies and corporations. big …When the consequences of the economic, scientific and technical revolution will change the entire face of society, making a strong impact on peoples psychology and the deeper penetration of technology in the world. the daily life of every human being. Differences between countries, globalization reaches its maximum to blur differences and trade barriers.The most authentic link for the issue of globalization born to blur differences and barriers is the current world situation in the face of unpredictable developments of the Covid19 pandemic. The publicity of countries and regions with high rates of vaccination against COVID19 is a testament to the statement made by the DirectorGeneral of WHO since the beginning of the COVID19 epidemic, no one is safe until everyone is safe. safe. The virus is constantly mutating and creating dangerous variants that are able to evade the immune system and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines, scientists say. Meanwhile, according to Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the worlds unreasonable and unfair use of vaccines has led to the pandemic that cannot be stopped on a global scale.The head of WHO emphasized that the COVID19 pandemic could have been controlled if vaccines were distributed more equitably. Vaccination campaigns are deployed to protect people worldwide, but only 1% of the population in lowincome countries has received at least one dose of the vaccine. While some of the wealthiest countries are considering giving their people a third (replenish) dose, health workers, the elderly and other vulnerable groups remain. of the world still do not have access to a vaccine. This is not only a moral issue, but also an epidemiological and economic failure. The longer this inequality persists, the less likely the pandemic will be over.The cause of such a large vaccine pit is believed to be from the very first orientation in vaccine development and distribution. Officials, mainly from the US and Europe, admit that they never thought about the global vaccine problem, but mainly focused on developing vaccines for domestic demand.To combat vaccine inequality, the COVAX initiative, led by WHO, CEPI and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), aims to ensure that every country has access to a COVID19 vaccine. 19, regardless of financial potential. However, COVAX does not have enough budget to secure vaccine supply contracts. Costa Rica and WHO have collaborated on a plan for a technologysharing platform to expand vaccine production. However, no pharmaceutical group has agreed to share vaccine production technology, even if it is paid. Neither government is promoting the initiative, according to multiple unnamed sources familiar with the matter. Intellectual property rights are weighed against public health priorities. COVAX currently has to rely on uncertain vaccine funding sources, with most commitments extending to 2022. While these efforts are far from positive, it is an effective division. effect of globalization. Differences between countries, globalization reaches its maximum to blur differences and trade barriers.Câu hỏi 2: This campaign began in late 2000, at times cooled down for a few months, then heated up again, so loud and intense that some Americans called it the catfish war or the new war against Vietnam. . Catfish is the English name for all species of catfish (without scales), including catfish, catfish, catfish, basa, trout, pompano... According to the fishery classification system Scientifically, all the fishes mentioned above belong to the order Siluriformes, which includes about 2,500 to 3,000 different species of fish, distributed in water bodies.fresh, salt and brackish water around the world. These fish are classified into different fish families, including the American catfish family (Ictaluridae) and the Asian catfish family (Pangasiidae). The catfish farmed in the US (Ictalurus puntatus) belongs to the American catfish family, while the pangasius (Pangasiuu hypophthalmus) and pangasius (Pangasius bocourti) commonly farmed in the Mekong Delta belong to the Asian catfish family.On June 28, the President of the CFA Association sent a letter to US President G. Bush asking the US Government to negotiate with Vietnam a separate agreement on catfish. In the following months, the CFA Association hired the law firm Nathan Associates to collect information and launch a propaganda campaign to discredit Vietnamese fish, emphasizing that because of imported Vietnamese fish, the price of catfish is expensive. in the US is reduced by up to 10%.One of the dangerous contents planned by the CFA in their campaign is to mobilize, pressure and entice parliamentarians of catfish farming states, mobilize all forces in the legislature. and law enforcement, seeking all possible support to retaliate against imported Vietnamese catfish products.Under pressure from the CFA, on February 9, 8 senators and 4 congressmen, representing states that raise a lot of catfish, signed a letter to Mr. The US trade representative complained about the importation of pangasius and catfish from Vietnam causing damage to the US catfish farming and asked the US Government to take measures to deal with it.On July 11, the senators from the state of Mississippi, R.Sauer, B.Thomson, and senator from the state of Arkansas, Marion Bari, gathered their forces. volume, calling on the National Assembly to pass bill HR2439, under the name labeling of origin for farmed fish imported in retail, with public arguments that smear Vietnamese products. However, this bill was not passed, because the US Senate rejected a bill with similar content for farmed agricultural products.On August 15, US Congressman M.Rot sent a letter requesting that Vietnam take measures to control the labeling of fish exported to the US. On August 17, the representative of the Ministry of Fisheries of Vietnam had a reply, clearly informing the measures that Vietnam has been taking. On September 27, the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) sent a letter requesting to send whole catfish samples of Vietnamese fish species to the US and we did it right away. But the US side did not stop.Vietnams pangasius products have been subject to antidumping duties by the US since 2003 and every year has reviewed the applicable tax rates. Currently, the DOC is conducting a review of POR17.As mentioned, catfish is the common name of all catfish species, the use of the name catfish (enclosed with adjectives identifying each species) for Vietnamese catfish products is completely legal. and international trade standards. After all, it is Vietnam who has gained more than lost in this case because it has confirmed the quality of its products in the US market.In terms of science, many American scientists, including Dr. C. Pherarite from the California Academy of Sciences, have voiced their recognition of the catfish of the United States. Vietnam belongs to the genus Pangasius as well as the catfish farmed Ictalurus puncatatus in the US and most of the 2,500 species of catfish, belonging to 3035 families, distributed around the world, are called by Americans and English speakers alike catfish.In terms of law, according to current regulations of the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Vietnamese catfish species are allowed to carry the trade name with the word catfish along with the word catfish. an adjective defining the attached type. Basa fish can use one of five names (Basa, Bocourti fish, Basa catfish and Bocourti catfish) and pangasius can use one of three names (Swai, Sutchi Catfish and Striped catfish).Regarding labels, seafood exporters are strictly complying with the regulations of the FDA and the Government of Vietnam on the use of trade names for pangasius and basa, as well as for all seafood products. is different. In addition, the export packaging is always clearly printed Product of Vietnam or Made in Vietnam (Product of VietnamProduced in Vietnam). This has been confirmed by the FDA and has been reiterated in the Note dated July 16, 2001 of the Ministry of Fisheries to the US Embassy in Hanoi, the letter of July 24, 2001 of VASEP and the Official Letter No. 453CLTH dated July 26, 2001 of NAFIQACEN sent to FDA.It is possible to quote the comment of Mr. R. Rachel, a famous American expert on seafood makeup, this is not a matter of quality, safety, hygiene, labeling, or anything else, this is a matter of price arbitrage.. American catfish farmers are angry because Vietnam has sold to the US market good quality catfish, at a price they cannot afford. It was this mindset of the US government that was revealed through this incident.On the Vietnamese side, the Ministry of Industry and Trade will continue to work closely with the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers, Vietnamese exporters and the US side to handle related issues in order to ensure the safety of their customers. protect the legitimate rights and interests of Vietnam in the case.
INTRODUCTION Currently, globalization is a strong development trend in every country, whether developing or developing Like other trends and institutions so far, globalization has both positives and negatives More particularly than both aspects is the impediment to globalization That is also the current dilemma that each country is facing in the context of market opening economy and extensive international integration in all fields It is possible that the factors hindering the globalization process have caused many great consequences and greatly influenced not only economic integration and commercialization but also related to culture, politics and society , Globalization and trade barriers are always a big concern of all countries in the world Those factors can lead to the reversal of international trade and investment, greatly affecting emerging economies, which have high openness, which consider exports and foreign investment as growth drivers exactly like Vietnam In the face of very complicated changes related to trade and environment issues as well as the new legal and regulatory system, it is extremely important to prepare to prevent, limit and handle arising disputes necessary, needs From that fact, in this article I will present the issues raised above along with finding the answer to the real situation for Vietnam through the use of data from 2000 to present CONTENTS Câu 1: Globalization is the process in which the countries of the world cooperate and depend on each other to create deeper and deeper linkages and interdependence between countries, organizations or individuals in all directions economic, political, military, cultural, social on a global scale Globalization is the process of forming and operating a new structure of the world economy as a unified whole Especially in the economic context, globalization is almost always used to refer to trade in general, especially the impact of trade liberalization, also known as "free trade" From an economic point of view, one would only see global capital flows leading to the flow of engineering, technology, information and culture “Globalization is not a unitary mass but an evolving set of consequences – some good, some bad, and some unforeseen” (John.B.Larson) Globalization always develops according to an inevitable trend that is parallel with a number of consequences, including positive, negative and unpredictable consequences But globalization is born to make differences between countries, globalization reaches its maximum to erase differences and trade barriers Because the global economic growth is so fast, that any country will not connect and learn, so it is inevitable that it will be left behind The process of globalization takes place in each country and nation and is derived from their own broad and international development needs The world economic linkage is expanding, accompanied by the emergence of many economic and financial linkage organizations in the region and the world such as the IMF, the World Bank or the European Union … Up to now, multinational companies are appearing with a huge trend, then it has a great impact on the economic situation in that country, especially companies and corporations big … When the consequences of the economic, scientific and technical revolution will change the entire face of society, making a strong impact on people's psychology and the deeper penetration of technology in the world the daily life of every human being Differences between countries, globalization reaches its maximum to blur differences and trade barriers The most authentic link for the issue of globalization born to blur differences and barriers is the current world situation in the face of unpredictable developments of the Covid-19 pandemic The publicity of countries and regions with high rates of vaccination against COVID-19 is a testament to the statement made by the Director-General of WHO since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, "no one is safe until everyone is safe" safe" The virus is constantly mutating and creating dangerous variants that are able to evade the immune system and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines, scientists say Meanwhile, according to Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the world's unreasonable and unfair use of vaccines has led to the pandemic that cannot be stopped on a global scale The head of WHO emphasized that the COVID-19 pandemic could have been controlled if vaccines were distributed more equitably Vaccination campaigns are deployed to protect people worldwide, but only 1% of the population in low-income countries has received at least one dose of the vaccine While some of the wealthiest countries are considering giving their people a third (replenish) dose, health workers, the elderly and other vulnerable groups remain of the world still not have access to a vaccine This is not only a moral issue, but also an epidemiological and economic failure The longer this inequality persists, the less likely the pandemic will be over The cause of such a large vaccine pit is believed to be from the very first orientation in vaccine development and distribution Officials, mainly from the US and Europe, admit that they never thought about the global vaccine problem, but mainly focused on developing vaccines for domestic demand To combat vaccine inequality, the COVAX initiative, led by WHO, CEPI and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), aims to ensure that every country has access to a COVID-19 vaccine 19, regardless of financial potential However, COVAX does not have enough budget to secure vaccine supply contracts Costa Rica and WHO have collaborated on a plan for a technology-sharing platform to expand vaccine production However, no pharmaceutical group has agreed to share vaccine production technology, even if it is paid Neither government is promoting the initiative, according to multiple unnamed sources familiar with the matter Intellectual property rights are weighed against public health priorities COVAX currently has to rely on uncertain vaccine funding sources, with most commitments extending to 2022 While these efforts are far from positive, it is an effective division effect of globalization Differences between countries, globalization reaches its maximum to blur differences and trade barriers Câu hỏi 2: This campaign began in late 2000, at times cooled down for a few months, then heated up again, so loud and intense that some Americans called it the "catfish war" or the "new war against Vietnam" "Catfish" is the English name for all species of catfish (without scales), including catfish, catfish, catfish, basa, trout, pompano According to the fishery classification system Scientifically, all the fishes mentioned above belong to the order Siluriformes, which includes about 2,500 to 3,000 different species of fish, distributed in water bodies fresh, salt and brackish water around the world These fish are classified into different fish families, including the American catfish family (Ictaluridae) and the Asian catfish family (Pangasiidae) The catfish farmed in the US (Ictalurus puntatus) belongs to the American catfish family, while the pangasius (Pangasiuu hypophthalmus) and pangasius (Pangasius bocourti) commonly farmed in the Mekong Delta belong to the Asian catfish family On June 28, the President of the CFA Association sent a letter to US President G Bush asking the US Government to negotiate with Vietnam a separate agreement on catfish In the following months, the CFA Association hired the law firm Nathan Associates to collect information and launch a propaganda campaign to discredit Vietnamese fish, emphasizing that because of imported Vietnamese fish, the price of catfish is expensive in the US is reduced by up to 10% One of the dangerous contents planned by the CFA in their campaign is to mobilize, pressure and entice parliamentarians of catfish farming states, mobilize all forces in the legislature and law enforcement, seeking all possible support to retaliate against imported Vietnamese catfish products Under pressure from the CFA, on February 9, senators and congressmen, representing states that raise a lot of catfish, signed a letter to Mr The US trade representative complained about the importation of pangasius and catfish from Vietnam causing damage to the US catfish farming and asked the US Government to take measures to deal with it On July 11, the senators from the state of Mississippi, R.Sauer, B.Thomson, and senator from the state of Arkansas, Marion Bari, gathered their forces volume, calling on the National Assembly to pass bill HR2439, under the name "labeling of origin" for farmed fish imported in retail, with public arguments that smear Vietnamese products However, this bill was not passed, because the US Senate rejected a bill with similar content for farmed agricultural products On August 15, US Congressman M.Rot sent a letter requesting that Vietnam take measures to control the labeling of fish exported to the US On August 17, the representative of the Ministry of Fisheries of Vietnam had a reply, clearly informing the measures that Vietnam has been taking On September 27, the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) sent a letter requesting to send whole catfish samples of Vietnamese fish species to the US and we did it right away But the US side did not stop Vietnam's pangasius products have been subject to anti-dumping duties by the US since 2003 and every year has reviewed the applicable tax rates Currently, the DOC is conducting a review of POR17 As mentioned, catfish is the common name of all catfish species, the use of the name "catfish" (enclosed with adjectives identifying each species) for Vietnamese catfish products is completely legal and international trade standards After all, it is Vietnam who has gained more than lost in this case because it has confirmed the quality of its products in the US market In terms of science, many American scientists, including Dr C Pherarite from the California Academy of Sciences, have voiced their recognition of the catfish of the United States Vietnam belongs to the genus Pangasius as well as the catfish farmed Ictalurus puncatatus in the US and most of the 2,500 species of catfish, belonging to 30-35 families, distributed around the world, are called by Americans and English speakers alike "catfish" In terms of law, according to current regulations of the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Vietnamese catfish species are allowed to carry the trade name with the word "catfish" along with the word "catfish" an adjective defining the attached type Basa fish can use one of five names (Basa, Bocourti fish, Basa catfish and Bocourti catfish) and pangasius can use one of three names (Swai, Sutchi Catfish and Striped catfish) Regarding labels, seafood exporters are strictly complying with the regulations of the FDA and the Government of Vietnam on the use of trade names for pangasius and basa, as well as for all seafood products is different In addition, the export packaging is always clearly printed "Product of Vietnam" or "Made in Vietnam" (Product of Vietnam/Produced in Vietnam) This has been confirmed by the FDA and has been reiterated in the Note dated July 16, 2001 of the Ministry of Fisheries to the US Embassy in Hanoi, the letter of July 24, 2001 of VASEP and the Official Letter No 453/CL/TH dated July 26, 2001 of NAFIQACEN sent to FDA It is possible to quote the comment of Mr R Rachel, a famous American expert on seafood make-up, "this is not a matter of quality, safety, hygiene, labeling, or anything else, this is a matter of price arbitrage American catfish farmers are angry because Vietnam has sold to the US market good quality catfish, at a price they cannot afford It was this mindset of the US government that was revealed through this incident On the Vietnamese side, the Ministry of Industry and Trade will continue to work closely with the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers, Vietnamese exporters and the US side to handle related issues in order to ensure the safety of their customers protect the legitimate rights and interests of Vietnam in the case Câu 3: In fact, scientists have many different definitions of trade barriers However, in general, such barriers are understood as the laws, policies, regulations or practices of the Government of each country within the common legal framework to limit or prevent trade in goods and services of foreign countries Trade barriers are first expressed through tariff barriers Tariffs are applied firstly for the purpose of increasing budget revenue for the government, and then for other purposes such as preventing imports and protecting domestic goods, retaliating against another country, protecting an important or nascent manufacturing industry in the country These barriers include: quotas, licensing, customs valuation, rules of origin, inspection of goods before disembarkation, technical regulations, hygiene, labeling, subsidies, antishipping dumping, intellectual property In which, widely used measures are: Quantitative restrictions (quota), are considered to be more protective than tariff measures and easy to distort trade Therefore, Article XI of the GATT Agreement does not allow member countries to apply measures to limit the quantity of goods imported or exported However, the GATT Agreement also makes some exceptions, allowing member countries to apply quantitative restrictive measures under strict conditions For example, to deal with severe food shortages, protect the balance of payments, protect human health, animals and plants, protect national security Import licensing must comply with the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, i.e meet criteria such as simplicity, transparency and predictability The order and procedure for applying for a license as well as the reason for applying the license must be clearly communicated, especially for non-automatic licenses Customs valuation for tax purposes can also become a major barrier to trade For example, the regulation on applying minimum prices to calculate import tax Therefore, the Agreement on Customs Valuation of the WTO stipulates specific principles in determining the dutiable value of goods, obliging members to strictly and transparently implement them About subsidieshis is a policy tool widely used and popular in most countries to achieve the Government's goals of socio-economic development, political stability There are many other definitions subsidies, but, according to the WTO, a subsidy is a financial contribution provided by a Government or a State entity, either an income support, or a price support and benefits for grant recipients The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures is divided into three distinct levels: red light, yellow light and green light as in traffic With the "red light" completely banned - including subsidies based on export performance or encouraging the use of domestic goods; “yellow light” means subsidies that are allowed to be used, but can also be sued or taken countermeasures; the last is the "green light" level, which is a fully floating general subsidy, because there is less distortion of commercial activities such as dissemination and support for research and development, support for disadvantaged areas, and equipment improvement support are being used to meet new environmental regulations Anti-dumping barrier is the act of selling goods in the market of the importing country at a price lower than the selling price in the domestic market of the exporting country in order to dominate the market or compete for market share This practice is considered an act of unfair competition because it is not based on common commercial criteria, affecting the industry of the importing country The application of anti-dumping tax is to increase the price of imported goods and overcome the bad effects of dumping The WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement specifically provides for criteria for determining dumping and remedial measures In fact, dumping, not only in developing countries, but also in industrialized countries in the EU, Canada, the United States According to data from the WTO Secretariat, from From 1995 to June 2005, WTO members investigated 2,741 dumping cases India has the most cases with 412 cases, followed by the US with 358 cases, the EU with 318 cases After all, only 63% of the cases are subject to dumping tax, the highest is China, followed by South Korea, the US, Japan, Thailand, etc Technical regulations, hygiene, labeling Along with efforts to reduce taxes and adjust traditional non-tariff measures in the WTO, more and more forms of technical trade barriers appear such as regulations on hygiene, technology, environment, product labels This is a scope containing many quite complicated and very strict regulations Currently, in the WTO, the SPS Agreement governs the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and the TBT Agreement governs the application of regulations related to product standards, labeling, certification acceptance and approval of conformity The objective of these two agreements is to enable Member States to maintain sanitary and technical measures on the one hand for legitimate reasons, and on the other hand to limit the possibility of their abuse to distort operations global trade Trade-related investment measures, such as regulations requiring investors to use domestic raw materials, setting export rates for products, or restricting foreign currency sources used to pay for goods company imports These measures are often widely used by developing countries to limit imports and develop domestic industries To remedy this situation, the TRIMS Agreement introduced a list of investment measures deemed inconsistent with the WTO's trade liberalization provisions and required members not to maintain such measures it's France Barriers to protection of intellectual property rights, inadequate enforcement of intellectual property rights are also considered a major barrier to international trade activities, because of counterfeit goods, counterfeit goods, and pirated goods low prices will limit the market access of the authentic product This problem is especially serious in countries where the enforcement of intellectual property rights is not strict, such as China In fact, in the US-China trade relationship, the issue of intellectual property rights enforcement has become a tense topic many times The WTO's TRIPS Agreement governs trade-related intellectual property rights, including key rights such as copyright, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, trade secrets, and trade secrets commercial In addition to the main measures mentioned above, in international trade activities there are many other forms of trade barriers For example, such as government procurement, state-owned enterprises, rules of origin, regulations on goods inspection before disembarkation With the development of commercial activity and the tendency to regulate traditional barriers, more and more sophisticated and disguised forms of barriers have emerged, often related to technical, environmental and regulatory standards market, labor, with the ultimate aim of achieving a lot of surplus value for their businesses and their country in the global common playing field Free trade is one of the great engines of economic development of every country Therefore, in the process of deep integration into the multilateral trading system, it is extremely necessary to invest resources and time to study and understand to effectively avoid these barriers One practical connection is the current context of Vietnam The birth and development of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a solid step forward for the process of trade liberalization on a global scale However, due to many reasons, especially due to the uneven level of economic development, all countries maintain trade measures to protect domestic production, in addition to tariff protection measures There are many other nontariff measures If tariff measures are very clear and predictable, non-tariff measures can "interfere" with the signals that guide the decisions of producers and consumers, the signals that guide the allocation of resources within the economy, dishonestly reflecting competitive advantage Although in theory, the WTO only recognizes tariffs as the only legitimate tool of protection, practice has proven that countries not stop using new non-tariff measures The level of necessity and the underlying reasons for the protection of domestic production are also different in each country, and the objects to be protected are also different, making non-tariff barriers increasingly diverse Multiple non-tariff measures can be used to serve one goal, and on the other hand, a single non-tariff measure can effectively serve several different objectives simultaneously The general trend in the use of non-tariff measures to protect domestic production is to shift from direct quantitative restrictions to more sophisticated measures, such as technical standards, trade remedies, anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, safeguard In addition, the trend of using import-restrictive measures associated with the requirement to comply with environmental and labor standards is emerging and is being recognized strongly supported by many developed countries When a non-tariff measure that interferes with trade is not justifiable in the spirit and principles of the WTO, the measure is considered a non-tariff barrier (NTB) In practice, it is often difficult to distinguish between a non-tariff measure and a non-tariff barrier In addition, a non-tariff measure may be legal for one period but may be considered a nontariff barrier at another In fact, the products being sued are increasingly diverse, previously only items with a large turnover such as seafood and footwear, but now, even items with a turnover of only a few tens of millions of US dollars (such as springs, beds…) also face lawsuits In the case of PE bags, the US also sued both anti-dumping and anti-subsidy This case risks becoming a bad precedent for Vietnamese exports to this large market It is worth noting that, while trade lawsuits in traditional markets such as the EU and the US tend to decrease or stay the same, they tend to increase in developing countries such as Brazil, Malaysia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Egypt because Vietnam's exports have a relatively high growth rate (about 20%/year) Besides, the phenomenon of international trade defense under the "domino" effect, the cumulative effect is also worrying Manufacturers of the importing country have the right to add up the market share of a group of exporting countries to initiate a lawsuit In many lawsuits, the forms of accumulation for Vietnamese goods are the majority The reason that trade remedy lawsuits against Vietnam may continue to increase in the near future is that most trading partners still consider Vietnam a non-market economy (NME) This often results in a higher margin of dumping, requiring more effort and expense for the parties involved in the investigation Many countries have also abused trade remedies to protect domestic goods Recently, some countries especially developed countries are trying to create barriers to international trade Those are measures associated with the environment and labor standards to limit imports If these measures are applied, it will be very difficult for Vietnam's export products to penetrate the markets of these countries In the future, the European Parliament will strengthen the review of the policy of the European Commission (EC) related to trade remedies and anti-dumping Exporters from many countries, including Vietnam, will be affected by this move This shows that businesses will face more difficulties when exporting to the EU market Currently, the US Government is taking steps to prepare so that from January 1, 2018, seafood and seafood products imported into this country must have labels proving the origin, production, processing, and this regulation excluding any product, of any country This will, of course, include shrimp and pangasius, Vietnam's main export items For businesses, to participate in the global supply chain, bringing goods to the US must meet two mandatory conditions: must have a DUNS code (universally unique business identification number) and exchange data electronics (EDI) The recommended solution at this time is to flexibly use a variety of methods In the business strategy, businesses need to clearly show the plan to protect the environment, giving it an important position with reasonable funding It is necessary to actively plan the items to be invested, the necessary funds, the implementation roadmap in order to turn the task of environmental protection into a planned activity, meeting both immediate and long-term requirements for export operations An urgent requirement is to quickly apply environmental management systems such as ISO14,000, HACCP, good management practices (GMP), and good farming practices (GAP) Although the country is classified in the group of countries with the most regulations and standards (currently there are 795 standards and 97 standards), in fact, many regulations that Vietnam are applying again are not suitable , spread out The management system is still in a state of "clumsy", leading to the inconsistency and synchronous standards applied to enterprises It is necessary to urgently review, adjust, supplement and develop new standards on quality, techniques, requirements on labels, product packaging, food hygiene and safety, animal and plant quarantine measures compliance with WTO requirements and international practices In the opinion of many experts, in the face of current integration pressure, what needs to be done is to quickly socialize testing and certification activities In particular, it is advisable to boldly expand the certification test to private and foreign investment conformity assessment organizations operating in this field, not only to organizations under management agencies Thereby promoting mutual recognition activities as well as conformity assessment results carried out by domestic organizations to be recognized in importing countries, as a "guarantee" of quality CONCLUSION In conclusion, the development history of the market economy from the 15th century to the present shows that there has always been a very basic relationship between the market on one side and the state on the other However, this basic relationship itself does not exist in a static state, but it is constantly moving and changing in different economic spaces as well as in time Over the past two decades, the trend of globalization and international economic integration has increased strongly, taking place comprehensively in many fields: trade, finance, investment, as well as other fields culture, society, environment with diverse forms and different levels, creating close, deep and fast-acting relationships between economies around the world gender The current process of globalization takes place on the basis of new tools, with the emergence of new characters, new markets, new values, and movement on the basis of new regulatory frameworks It is these new factors that have been creating impacts and influences on the economic role of the country On the basis of an overview of the approach of a number of issues on globalization and trade barriers, the article contributes to clarifying the impact of globalization trends on each country and trade barriers in the context of globalization current scene REFERENCES Tran Vang Phu, Technical barriers to trade regarding labelling: A case study of catfish dispute between the United States and Vietnam,Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Vol-3 , Issue-6 – 2017, 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Evidence from U.S antiduping duites on Vietnamese catfish The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press Vol 94(1) Available at http://www.nber.org/papers/w14495, accessed September 7, 2015 Anti-dumping case of Vietnam Catfish in US market Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/anti-dumping-case-of-vietnam-catfish-inus-market-economics-essay.php?vref=1 ... Americans called it the "catfish war" or the "new war against Vietnam" "Catfish" is the English name for all species of catfish (without scales), including catfish, catfish, catfish, basa, trout,... including the American catfish family (Ictaluridae) and the Asian catfish family (Pangasiidae) The catfish farmed in the US (Ictalurus puntatus) belongs to the American catfish family, while the... of POR17 As mentioned, catfish is the common name of all catfish species, the use of the name "catfish" (enclosed with adjectives identifying each species) for Vietnamese catfish products is completely