VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES BUI LE KHANH CHI COMPARING LEN DONG RITUAL OF VIETNAMESE AND GUT OF KOREAN (THE CASE STUDY IN HANOI AND SEOU[.]
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - BUI LE KHANH CHI COMPARING LEN DONG RITUAL OF VIETNAMESE AND GUT OF KOREAN (THE CASE STUDY IN HANOI AND SEOUL) MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese Studies Hanoi-2013 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - BUI LE KHANH CHI COMPARING LEN DONG RITUAL OF VIETNAM AND GUT OF KOREA (THE CASE STUDY IN HANOI AND SEOUL) MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60 31 60 Supervisor: Prof Dr Ngo Duc Thinh Hanoi - 2013 z A INTRODUCTION The rationale, significances of the study Literature review Study subjects, scopes and goals 3.1 Study subjects 3.2 Study scopes 3.3 Study goals Study methods Thesis structure B CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INDIVIDUAL GUT OF KOREA FOUNDATION, THE HOLY MOTHER IN VIETNAM AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF GUT AND LEN DONG 1.1 Foundation of individual Gut in Korea and Holy Mother in VietNam 1.1.1 Shamanism of Korea 1.1.1.1 Worship the gods in the house 10 1.1.1.2 Ancestors worship 12 1.1.1.3 Worship of the village 14 1.1.2 The Mother Goddess religion (Dao Mau) in Vietnam 15 1.1.2.1 Goddess worship 16 1.1.2.2 The cult of Mother Goddess Custom 18 1.1.2.3 The Pantheon of the Mother Goddess Religion 19 1.2.1 Classification of Len dong 20 z 1.2.1.1 Thanh Dong 21 1.2.1.2 Dong Co 23 1.2.2 Gut classification of Korea 25 1.2.2.1 National Gut 27 1.2.2.2 Village Gut 28 1.2.2.3 Individuals Gut and SenamGut 31 CHAPTER 2: THE DIFFERENT AND SIMILAR BETWEEEN THE RITUAL OF LEN DONG AND GUT (THE CASE IN SEOUL AND HANOI) 34 2.1 The way and purposes of the "ra Dong”, “moi Dong”, “di Gut” and “moi Gut” 34 2.1.1 The way and purposes of the "ra Dong" and "di Gut" 34 2.1.1.1 In Vietnam 34 2.1.1.2 In Korea 35 2.1.2 The purpose of the "moi Dong" and "Moi Gut" 38 2.2 Worship objects, the “gia” for incarnating and the basic functions of incarnation ritual 39 2.2.1 Objects of worship 39 2.2.2 The incarnations and the basic functions of incarnation ritual 42 2.2.2.1 The incarnations 42 2.2.2.2 The basic functions of incarnation ritual 44 2.3 The role of the Mediums, Mutang, Can dong, and Liturgical Singers (Ban Cung van) 46 2.3.1 The role of the Mediums and Mutang 46 z 2.3.2 The role of Can dong 48 2.3.3 The role of the liturgical singers (Ban cung van) 49 2.4.1 The basic elements of the ritual 51 2.4.1.1 Clothes and tools 51 2.4.1.2 Dance and music 53 2.4.1.3 Offerings and how to display offerings 55 2.4.2 Time and space of ritual 62 2.4.2.1 Time of ritual 62 2.4.2.2 Space 63 2.4.3 The process of the len dong ritual and Gut ritual 65 CHAPTER 3: SOME ISSUES EMERGED AND FURTHER RESEARCH 76 3.1 Len Dong and Gut – way to releasing for "tie" of modern society 76 3.2 The market trend in the ritual of len dong and Gut 81 3.3 Gender equality and women's rights issues is reflected in the phenomenon of len Dong 88 LIST OF REFERENCES 100 WORKS LIST OF AUTHOR 104 z A INTRODUCTION The rationale, significances of the study Religious beliefs is a very important field in every culture, in relation to the spiritual elements, reflecting the values inherited from one generation to another generation, represents a part of the human worldview In the morphological expression of religious beliefs, Shamanism is a special form of religious, its formation associated with the tribal mode "Religion Shaman is polytheism in nature It is believed that all things in nature have a soul that our mental lives are presented in natural phenomena and in all events, whether of men or of something else, are provided that the action of the souls "[4, pg.68] In religious encyclopedias also the definition of "Shaman is the original religion of polytheism opinion or polytheism with strong roots in the cult of nature with generally recognized heaven who is Supreme Being" Natural devotion and admit things have souls, or between the world of the living and the dead are the contact The living, the dead can communicate with each other through those who are able Special features although each country has its own nuances, but the common denominator is that Shamanism The researchers came up with a number of typical cases in Siberia, China called Yu (Northern China) or Nan (Southern China), Korea Gut, Vietnam with Len dong, which is the Shamanism's form These forms are common characteristics of shamanism That is the Shamanic practitioners to get yourself in that ecstatic state for the release of his soul or the incarnation of divinity with belief that is possible contact with god Father, receive the power from the supernatural world for health, exorcism, the pursuit of fortune Len dong is the most characteristic practice of the Holy Mother and Gut is Korean Shaman's ritual In both countries, we see many similarities in the two rites, it creates unique features in common denominator Shamanism Len dong and Gut are taken particularly interest by many researchers In Vietnam, there are many works of researchers such as Ngo Duc Thinh, Le Thi Hao, Mai Ngoc Truc There are also many works of foreign researchers to len dong ritual of Vietnam and comparison with the Shaman rituals with other countries The research that has outlined a z comprehensive picture of a religion is considered to be the native religion of Vietnam – the Holy Mother In Korea, the extremely popular and ceremonial activities of Gut was publicly acknowledged early, it became a profession were licensed by the Korean Culture and Information Ministry In the process of learning about the religion of the two countries in general and the Holy Mother of Vietnam, Korean Shamanism in particular, we find that there are many similarities and differences of these two types of religion Currently in Vietnam through surveys we found very little documents with which research comparing to len dong ritual of Vietnam and Gut Korea In general there are only three works by three researchers Laurel Kendall, Bui Thi Thoa and Lee Geon However, these studies only offer general comparative Furthermore, conservation issues and promoting positive values in len dong rituals of a religion in Holy Mother among the social status in the current is a difficult issue Meanwhile, the Korean government has been trying to preserve, promote and exploit effectively the traditional cultural values of Gut on tourism development In this context, I chose the topic “Comparing Len Dong Ritual of Vietnam and Gut of Korea (the case study in Hanoi and Seoul)" to study this issue in completing and detailing the comparison between the level of this important religious ritual This study hopes to contribute to provide clearer information about the len dong of Vietnamese and Gut of Korea This will be a useful resource for managing the work of preparing and conducting performances of cultural exchange between the two countries Vietnam and Korea in a more efficient manner Besides, this research also opens new research directions in Shaman rituals of other countries in the compared with len dong of Vietnam Literature review There have been many studies on the Vietnamese Holy Mother and Korean Shamanism In Vietnam, the study of Vietnamese Holy Mother may include two collective works "Dao Mau Vietnam" by Ngo Duc Thinh In this work he presents a z fairly complete picture of the details of Holy Mother, and the chau van lyric, to help the reader imagine a comprehensive and direct view of Holy Mother in Vietnam Besides, "Len dong Journeys of spirits, and destinies", this work is replayed one hau dong mixed reviews of the author, and new issues are mentioned There are also researchers such as Nguyen Kim Hien, Nguyen Thi Hien, Le Hong Ly with the works was is posted on website http://www.daomauvietnam.com.vn about Vietnamese Holy Mother Regarding Korean documents, notably the works of Hong Tae Han with titled "Our World Mutang Gut" published by the Institute of Anthropology in 2009 The book mentioned aspects and the meaning is expressed in stage performances Gut, and Gut in some localities represented A book called "Korean Shamanism" presents an overview of the history and development process of a shamanism in Korea Especially interesting is "Individuals Gut - SenamGut" presented of Gut in Seoul own, with the presentation quite meticulous about personal Gut rituals Comparing issue len dong of Vietnam and Gut of Korea in particular was mentioned in the following three researches: Firstly, works "Khi Gut giống lên đồng vài điểm tương đồng Hàn Quốc Việt Nam" by Laurel Kendall In this work the author mainly compares the differences and similarities in terms of the basic elements of len dong ritual and the Gut Secondly is the work of Bui Thi Hoa, "Những tương đồng khác biệt “Lên đồng” người Việt “Gut” người Hàn " in Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, No (112), 2010 The paper compares a general way about the two rituals Thirdly is minor thesis of Lee Yeon with the subject “len dong of Vietnam and a few comparing with Korea's Gut" The author focuses research on len dong of Vietnam, which has made some comparisons in the basic elements of ritual Issue comparison between len dong and Gut has not been studied in a complete, affordable stop at three aforementioned works, in which the authors only give a general match between the len dong and Gut Moreover, due to the Gut is divided into several categories depending on the division based on any basis, so the above limitations are z not yet a comparison between len dong of Viet Nam case study particular study in Gut of Korea That will cause mistaken that Gut of Korean only one type Hopefully, additional research will contribute somewhat above shortcomings and create momentum to continue for new research directions len dong and Gut in common denominator Shamanism Study subjects, scopes and goals 3.1 Study subjects - Len dong ritual and Gut; - Practitioners of Holy Mother in Vietnam (mediums and their disciples) 3.2 Study scopes - Len dong ritual in Hanoi (Vietnam): Focus research resources have been published, especially the work of Prof Ngo Duc Thinh In addition, the survey mainly Len dong based in Hanoi and some its adjacent provinces; - SenamGut ritual of Seoul (Korea): Due to funding limitations, the survey is based on a Korean documents is mainly 3.3 Study goals Learn about Korean Gut platform, Holy Mother in Vietnam and the classification of Gut and len dong The study focused on comparing the similarities and differences in classification, the basic element in ceremonies and events, how the len dong and Gut Through this results proposed a number of issues that need further research Study methods Retrospective method and document analysis and synthesis: - Collect, synthesize, evaluate, document analysis, survey research results have been published at home and abroad; z - Collecting and translation of documents from the original Korean This is the most important work of Gut research Methods of observation, survey fact: - Join experienced, witnessed and observed the len dong in Hanoi and some adjacent provinces; - Conduct interviews with some of mediums, can dong and the the disciples; - To discuss a number of issues related to the role and power of the spread of Gut in modern Korean society with some Korean friends Method comparison - Carry out a comparative analysis in order to point out the similarities of the origin and nature as well as other differences Thesis structure A Introduction B Contents Chapter 1: Individual Gut of Korea Foundation and the Holy Mother in Vietnam and the classification of Gut and len dong Chapter 2: The different and similar between the ritual of len dong and Gut (The case in Seoul and Hanoi) Chapter 3: Some issues emerged and further research C Conclusions z ... was mentioned in the following three researches: Firstly, works "Khi Gut giống lên đồng vài điểm tương đồng Hàn Quốc Việt Nam" by Laurel Kendall In this work the author mainly compares the differences... the basic elements of len dong ritual and the Gut Secondly is the work of Bui Thi Hoa, "Những tương đồng khác biệt ? ?Lên đồng? ?? người Việt ? ?Gut? ?? người Hàn " in Journal of Northeast Asian Studies,... interesting is "Individuals Gut - SenamGut" presented of Gut in Seoul own, with the presentation quite meticulous about personal Gut rituals Comparing issue len dong of Vietnam and Gut of Korea in particular