Unit 9 PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT KEY LANGUAGE FOCUS Phonetics Stress in three syllable nouns confusion, Internet, animal, groundwater Grammar Reported speech "The trees we planted last year have doub[.]
Unit PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT - KEY LANGUAGE FOCUS Phonetics Stress in three-syllable nouns: confusion, Internet, animal, groundwater Grammar Reported speech "The trees we planted last year have doubled in size." → They said that the trees they had planted the year before had doubled in size "Use the web search engine to find information." → We told him to use the web search engine to find information Vocabulary Words and phrases related to environmental impacts and ways to protect the environment atmosphere, greenhouse effect, I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A newsletter B preservation C greenhouse D result Phát âm /s/, từ lại phát âm /z/ A focus B topic C most D follow Phát âm /ɒ/, từ lại phát âm /əʊ/ A threats B stages C levels D ideas Phát âm /s/, từ lại phát âm /z/ A environmental B depletion C melt D chemical Phát âm /i:/, từ lại phát âm /e/ A pollution B destruction C consumption D reduction Phát âm /u:/, từ lại phát âm /ʌ/ II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions A environs B pollution C influence D removal Trọng âm vào âm tiết 1, từ lại vào âm tiết 2 A depletion B preserving C chemical D disposal Trọng âm vào âm tiết 1, từ lại vào âm tiết A animal B protection C confusion D disaster Trọng âm vào âm tiết 1, từ lại vào âm tiết A neighborhood B pollutant C energy D scientist Trọng âm vào âm tiết 2, từ lại vào âm tiết A factory B extinction C resources D awareness Trọng âm vào âm tiết 1, từ lại vào âm tiết III Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences Over the last few decades, the exploitation of our planet and degradation of our environment is going up at an A B C alarming rate D → has been going As our actions have been not in favor of protect this planet, we have seen natural disasters striking us more A B C D often in the form of flash floods, tsunamis and cyclones → in favor of protecting Different environmental groups on the world play their role in educating people as to how their small actions A B when combined together can play a big role in protecting this planet C D → in the world If you look at the environment around us, you can see that there is a number of issues that come to our A B C D attention → there are Soil contamination is majorly created by mechanical waste that takes supplements out of soil A B C D → the soil IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences Burning yard waste releases mold spores, soot, and other contaminants that can aggravate allergies and cause problems A respirator B respiration C respiratory D respired Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, tạo thuật ngữ (các vấn đề hô hấp) Waste from industrial and agricultural pollutes the water that is used by humans, animals and plants A acts B actions C interactions D activities Danh từ trung tâm ngữ danh từ + hợp nghĩa (các hoạt động) Land pollution can have huge environmental impact the form of air pollution and soil pollution which in turn can have adverse effect on human health A on B in C to D with Ngữ cố định in the form of: dạng thức hình thức Fossil fuel utilization brings about discharge of greenhouse gases, causes environmental change A which B that C it D they Đại từ quan hệ tạo mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định At present, timberlands cover 30% of the area, but wooded areas are being lost a regular basis because people are looking for homes, food, and materials A by B with C at D on Ngữ cố định on the basis: sở/nền tảng Genetic engineering of food brings about expanded poisons and sicknesses qualities from a hypersensitive plant can exchange to target plants A so B that C as D though Liên từ tạo mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân/lý 'as’: Vì The number of inhabitants on the planet arriving at unsustainable levels as it confronts deficiency of assets like water, fuel and food A is B are C have been D had been Chia động từ ngơi thứ số với cụm the number of (con số) Consumption of fossil fuels at an alarming rate can to global warming which can further result in melting of polar ice caps and increase in sea levels A lead B drive C attach D run Động từ đa kết trị lead to (dẫn tới) Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, cyclones, volcanic eruption can be unpredictable, and can cause irreparable damage A devastated B devastating C devastative D devastatingly Tính từ miêu tả trạng thái làm bổ tổ sau động từ to be 10 Radioactive waste is considered harmful for humans, plants, animals and surrounding environment A to be B be C being D been Động từ nguyên thể to_infinitive làm bổ tố cho động từ consider 11 Modern day agriculture practices chemical products like pesticides and fertilizers to deal with local pests A have a use for B find a use for C make use of D come into use Cụm động từ cố định: make use of: tận dụng/ sử dụng 12 Noise pollution is a common form of pollution that causes temporary disruption there is excessive amount of unpleasant noise A where B that C how D when Trạng từ quan hệ tạo mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thời điểm 13 Medical waste is any kind of waste that in large quantity by healthcare centers like hospitals, nursing homes, dental clinics and is considered to be of a bio-hazardous nature A produces B produce C is produced D has produced Cụm động từ bị động thời (hợp thời, hợp thể, hợp nghĩa) 14 Landfills are generated due to large amount of waste that is generated households, industries and healthcare centers every day A for B in C at D by Ngữ giới từ “by” tác thể câu bị động 15 Current environmental problems make us vulnerable disasters and tragedies, now and in the future A with B at C in D to Giới từ với tính từ vulnerable 16 we address the various issues prudently and seriously, we are surely doomed for disaster A If B When C Unless D Though Câu điều kiện loại sử dụng liên từ unless 17 Human activity is leading to the extinction of species and habitats and of bio-diversity A lose B losing C loss D lost Danh từ trước giới từ cấu trúc song hành với extinction 18 The ozone layer is an invisible layer of protection around the planet that protects us the sun's harmful rays A away with B from C under D out of Cụm động từ protect smb/smth from 19 Deforestation simply means clearing of the green cover and making that land available residential, industrial or commercial purpose A on B by C for D to Giới từ với tính từ available 20 Depletion of the crucial Ozone layer of the atmosphere is to pollution caused by Chlorine and Bromide found in Chlorofloro carbons (CFC's) A attributed B subjected C indebted D entitled Cụm từ to be attributed to: quy về, quy trách nhiệm, tìm nguyên nhân sâu xa 21 Acid rain can be caused due to combustion of fossil fuels or erupting volcanoes or rotting vegetation which sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere A release B releases C is releasing D have released Động từ mệnh đề quan hệ, chia ngơi thứ ba số nhiều, thời đơn 22 The more rubbish people throw away, to protect the environment A it is more irresponsible of them B it is the more irresponsible of them C it is of them more irresponsible D the more irresponsible it is of them So sánh kép, thể tăng tiến 23 Recycling minimizes the need for raw materials the rainforests can be preserved A so B so that C such that D that Nối mệnh đề sử dụng liên từ điều kiện kết 24 "Are you going to join the green city campaign?" “ .” A Surely, I am B No, not mine C None of that D Just kidding Chắc chắn (đáp lại câu hỏi có tham gia chiến dịch thành phố xanh không) 25 "Do you recycle anything?" “ .” A Yes, I recycle glass bottles B I've bought a lot of recycled things C I have a lot of things D How to recycle is easy Có, tơi tái chế chai thuỷ tinh (đáp lại câu hỏi có tái chế khơng) 26 As the human population grows and grows, natural resources are being used at a rapid rate, and large areas of forest are being converted human use A for B to C into D in Chỉ mục đích sử dụng 27 By using the environment sustainably, the environment and the natural resources provides will not be depleted or destroyed permanently - and will be available for human use for a very long time A that B which C what D it Mệnh đề quan hệ có lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ làm tân ngữ 28 Preservationists believe that humans can have access to the land, but they should only utilize it for natural beauty and inspiration A the B their C its D those Xác định danh từ tính từ sở hữu + tính hợp số 29 Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the variety of life either in a particular place or on the entire Earth, its ecosystems, species, populations, and genes A include B includes C including D inclusive Ngữ phân từ động từ thực chức cung cấp thêm thông tin cho mệnh đề 30 To help save the environment, try energy and water consumption, changing your eating and transportation habits to conserve natural resources, and adapting your home and yard to be more environmentally friendly A decrease B to decrease C decreased D decreasing Cấu trúc song song (changing, adapting) V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences Regulations and laws should be enacted for the preservation of natural resources in every corner of the world A applied B approved C removed D composed removed: gỡ bỏ Reducing pollution simply implies recycling and conserving as much energy as possible because energy generally means pollution in some form A describes B excludes C includes D denies excludes: loại trừ You should choose to buy energy efficient appliances as this can save energy as well as reduce both costs and pollution A using little energy B being economical C consuming a lot of energy D being cheap and convenient consuming a lot of energy: tiêu thụ nhiều lượng For eliminating pollution, one can switch to alternative and renewable energy sources like bio fuels instead of depending on non-renewable fossil fuels that only helps in polluting our planet A change for the better B substitute for the unavailable C make no change at all D find a replacement for make no change at all: không thay đổi, thay Ten percent of the world's oil supply is used to make and ship disposable plastics - items like plastic utensils, plates, and cups that are used just one time and thrown away A being used once B being used forever C being often used D being rarely used being used forever: sử dụng vĩnh viễn VI Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences "What happens to what we throw away?" Many wonder A Many wonder what happens to what we throw away B Many wondered what happened to what we threw away C Many wondered what has happened to what we threw away D Many wonder what happened to what we threw away Viết lại câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp "In China, waste is growing twice as fast as the population," the lecturer said A The lecturer said that in China, waste was growing twice as fast as the population B The lecturer said that in China, waste is growing twice as fast as the population C The lecturer said that in China, waste has been growing twice as fast as the population D The lecturer said that in China, waste had been growing twice as fast as the population Viết lại câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp "Which cities have the worst waste problem?" The student asked the teacher A The student asked the teacher for which cities had the worst waste problem B The student asked the teacher to tell him which cities had the worst waste problem C The student asked the teacher which cities had the worst waste problem D The student asked the teacher which cities had had the worst waste problem Viết lại câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp "How to stop humans from filling the world with trash?" A Environmentalists are wondering how to stop humans from filling the world with trash B Environmentalists are wondering how humans can stop filling the world with trash C Environmentalists were wondering how humans could stop filling the world with trash D Environmentalists were wondering how to stop humans from filling the world with trash Viết lại câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp "Where does all our rubbish go?" A We will not know where all our rubbish goes B We should know where all our rubbish goes C We did not know where all our rubbish goes D We will never know where all our rubbish went Viết lại câu sử dụng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp VII Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given Trees should be planted everywhere possible Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas A Trees, which should be planted everywhere possible, absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas B Trees should be planted everywhere possible as they absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas C Trees should be planted everywhere possible to be able to absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas D Trees should be planted everywhere possible where they absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas Kết hợp câu sử dụng liên từ xây dựng mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân/lý Habitat destruction is a major cause for biodiversity loss Habitat destruction is caused by deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming A Habitat destruction is a major cause for biodiversity loss which is caused by deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming B Habitat destruction due to deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming is a major cause for biodiversity loss C Biodiversity loss is caused by habitat destruction that also causes deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming D Biodiversity loss caused by habitat destruction causes deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming Kết hợp cầu cách rút gọn câu thành trạng ngữ lý do/cách thức sử dụng cụm giới từ due to To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars Some of these cars will run on electricity combined with using small amounts of gas A To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars, some of which will run on electricity combined with using small amounts of gas B To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars which will run on electricity combined with using small amounts of gas C To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars, some will run on electricity combined with using small amounts of gas D To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars, they will run on electricity combined with using small amounts of gas Kết hợp câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ tạo mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định Biodiversity has its own economic importance Protection of biodiversity is important A Biodiversity has its own economic importance, so protection of biodiversity is important B Biodiversity has its own economic importance that protection of biodiversity is important C Protection of biodiversity is so important that biodiversity has its own economic importance D Protection of biodiversity is important to make biodiversity have its own economic importance Kết hợp câu sử dụng liên từ xây dựng mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials One simple benefit of recycling is it saves our resources A One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials, that one simple benefit of recycling is it saves our resources B One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials, one simple benefit of recycling is it saves our resources C One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials, one simple benefit of which is it saves our resources D One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials as one simple benefit of recycling is it saves our resources Kết hợp câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ tạo mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định VIII Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks The global warming controversy is an ongoing dispute about the effects of humans (1) global climate and about what policies should be (2) to avoid possible undesirable effects of climate change The current scientific consensus on climate change is (3) recent warming indicates a fairly stable long-term trend, that the trend is largely human-caused, and that serious damage may result (4) some future date if steps are not (5) to halt the trend Mainstream (6) organizations worldwide (Royal Society, American Geophysical Union, Joint Science Academies, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, American Meteorological Society, and American Association for the Advancement of Science) (7) with the assessment that most of the (8) warming over the last 50 years is likely to (9) due to the human-caused increase in greenhouse gas concentrations However, there is also a small but vocal number of scientists in climate and (10) fields that disagree with the consensus view A to B in C on D about Giới từ với danh từ effects A implement B implements C implementing D implemented Ngữ động từ bị động với trợ động từ khuyết thiếu A that B it C the D what Liên từ that tạo mệnh đề danh ngữ làm bổ tố cho động từ to be A from B in C on D at Ngữ giới từ thời gian at date A done B made C taken D struck Dạng thức bị động ngữ take steps to smth A science B scientific C scientist D scientifically Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ A share B confront C face D concur Hợp nghĩa: đồng tình với, trí với A observable B observing C observed D observation Tính từ bị động miêu tả tính trạng (được quan sát thấy) A be B have been C being D having been Động từ nguyên thể làm bổ tố sau giới từ to + thể bị động 10 A climate-relating B climate-related C climatic-relating D climatic-related Cấu tạo tính từ ghép từ danh từ phân từ hai động từ ngoại động IX Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Many products such as paper, cardboards, and cups come from trees In fact, trees are our natural assets, you can converse trees by recycling the paper products, we can minimize the number of trees cut down a year This is one form of waste recycling One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials One simple benefit of recycling is it saves our resources It will be wise to reuse metal items as metal reserves may be depleting You can hold your worn-out metal items for recycling As mentioned earlier, recycling of waste papers can save our forests Recycling waste not only saves our natural resources but also helps save energy By simply recycling an item or making a basic fix to it, we can save all the energy that would have been consumed in the process of making it The same example can be taken with plastic items A large amount of energy can be saved by simply reusing the plastic items To recycle waste is to simply reduce pollution By recycling plastic material, we can reduce air pollution as well as water pollution Plastic factories produced large amount of smoke when producing plastic material at the same time if we don't have proper waste disposal system, those waste emissions will cause water pollution Recycling waste in a way helps reduce pollution The passage mainly discusses A how recycling waste helps reduce pollution B a simple benefit of recycling waste materials C the most useful waste materials in daily life D how to reduce pollution by using waste materials Suy từ thông tin toàn văn bản, đặc biệt câu đề câu kết hai đoạn văn (As mentioned earlier, recycling of waste papers can save our forests; Recycling waste not only saves our natural resources but also helps save energy; Recycling waste in a way helps reduce pollution.) The word "assets" in the passage is closest in meaning to A gifts B property C savings D values Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ, thể sản phẩm bạn có đến từ tự nhiên → suy tự nhiên tài sản, tài nguyên (Many products such as paper, cardboards, and cups come from trees.) The author mentions "metal reserves" as an example of A natural assets B waste materials C natural resources D waste emissions Hồi (thực từ) (One simple benefit of recycling is it saves our resources It will be wise to reuse metal items as metal reserves may be depleting) All of the following are mentioned as examples of waste material EXCEPT A paper B metal C plastic D glass Thông tin đoạn 2, (It will be wise to reuse metal item as metal reserves may be depleting You can hold your worn-out metal items for recycling.; As mentioned earlier, recycling of waste papers can save our forests; The same example can be taken with plastic items A large amount of energy can be saved by simply reusing the plastic items.) The passage may be taken from A an article for general readers B a scientific journal for environmentalists C a school student's notebook D a magazine for tourists visiting an area Đọc toàn văn cung cấp thông tin dễ tiếp nhận, không sử dụng thuật ngữ chuyên ngành chuyên sâu X Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Those who are concerned with protecting the environment often use the words conservation and preservation These two terms are often confused and are used to mean the same thing, although differences exist Conservation is the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits Natural resources may be renewable or non-renewable The conservation of renewable resources like trees involves ensuring that they are not consumed faster than they can be replaced The conservation of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels involves ensuring that sufficient quantities are maintained for future generations to utilise Conservation of natural resources usually focuses on the needs and interests of human beings, for example the biological, economic, cultural and recreational values such resources have The rain forest for example, contains a wide range of biodiversity, providing food stocks for local populations and a source of timber and medicines for other countries Conservationists accept that development is necessary for a better future, but only when the changes take place in ways that are not wasteful What the conservationist opposes is not the harnessing of nature for mankind's progression, but the fact that all too often the environment comes off the worse for wear Preservation, in contrast to conservation, attempts to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans This is due to the concern that mankind is encroaching onto the environment at such a rate that many untamed landscapes are being given over to farming, industry, housing, tourism and other human developments, and that we are losing too much of what is 'natural' Like conservationists, some preservationists support the protection of nature for purely human-centred reasons Stronger advocates of preservation however, adopt a less human-centred approach to environmental protection, placing a value on nature that does not relate to the needs and interests of human beings Deep green ecology argues that ecosystems and individual species should be preserved whatever the cost, regardless of their usefulness to humans, and even if their continued existence would prove harmful to us This follows from the belief that every living thing has a right to exist and should be preserved What should be the best title of the passage? A Conservation and Preservation B Conservation or Preservation C Conservation, not Preservation D Conservation for Preservation Suy từ thông tin toàn văn cung cấp, đặc biệt đoạn văn đặt vấn đề hai câu đề câu kết hai đoạn văn 2, (Those who are concerned with protecting the environment often use the words conservation and preservation.; Conservation is the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits.; Preservation, in contrast to conservation, attempts to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans.) The word "they" in the passage refers to A trees B renewable resources C natural resources D deposits Hồi (hư từ) (Natural resources may be renewable or non-renewable The conservation of renewable resources like trees involves ensuring that they are not consumed faster than they can be replaced.) According to the passage, conservationists support all of the following EXCEPT that A non-renewable resources must be sufficiently saved for future generations B renewable resources must not be consumed faster than they can be replaced C conservation focuses on the needs and interests of human beings properly D any changes can be taken so that humans beings develop for a better future Thông tin từ đoạn (The conservation of renewable resources like trees involves ensuring that they are not consumed faster than they can be replaced Conservation of natural resources usually focuses on the needs and interests of human beings, Conservationists accept that development is necessary for a better future, but only when the changes take place in ways that are not wasteful.) The rain forest is mentioned in the passage as an example of A natural tourist attractions B sources of medicines for people C where local people can find and keep food stocks D how natural resources are valuable to humans Hồi (thực từ) (Conservation of natural resources usually focuses on the needs and interests of human beings, for example the biological, economic, cultural and recreational values such resources have The rain forest for example, contains a wide range of biodiversity, providing food stocks for local populations and a source of timber and medicines for other countries.) The word "harnessing" in the passage can be best replaced with A exploitation B usage C consumption D production Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ, đặc biệt từ wasteful, oppose, not but, too often ( Conservationists accept that development is necessary for a better future, but only when the changes take place in ways that are not wasteful What the conservationist opposes is not the harnessing of nature for mankind's progression, but the fact that all too often the environment comes off the worse for wear.) The phrase "the worse for wear" in the passage most likely describes a state of being A exhausted B worn out C used up D run out Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ, đặc biệt từ wasteful, oppose, not but, too often ( Conservationists accept that development is necessary for a better future, but only when the changes take place in ways that are not wasteful What the conservationist opposes is not the harnessing of nature for mankind's progression, but the fact that all too often the environment comes off the worse for wear.) According to the passage, reservation generally refers to which of the following? A that the natural resources exist not for humans' need B making sure that no resources are used in a wasteful way C saving natural resources for future generations' needs and interests D maintaining the untouched areas of the Earth in their current state Thông tin từ đoạn (Preservation, in contrast to conservation, attempts to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans.) The word "untamed" in the passage almost means A not having been explored B having been reconstructed C not having been visited D having been industrialized Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ, đặc biệt từ concern, losing, 'natural’ (This is due to the concern that mankind is encroaching onto the environment at such a rate that many untamed landscapes are being given over to farming, industry, housing, tourism and other human developments, and that we are losing too much of what is 'natural) The word "advocates" in the passage can be best replaced with A fans B supporters C holders D fighters Suy từ ngữ cảnh từ, đặc biệt từ support, stronger, adopt (Like conservationists, some preservationists support the protection of nature for purely human-centred reasons Stronger advocates of preservation however, adopt a less human-centred approach to environmental protection, placing a value on nature that does not relate to the needs and interests of human beings.) 10 It can be learnt from the passage that both 'conservationists' and 'reservationists' A focus on the needs and interests of human beings B protect the natural resources for the sake of themselves C work to protect the Earth and its biodiversity D save all individual species regardless of their values Suy từ thông tin hai đoạn văn 2, (Conservation is the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits.; Deep green ecology argues that ecosystems and individual species should be preserved whatever the cost, regardless of their usefulness to humans, and even if their continued existence would prove harmful to us This follows from the belief that every living thing has a right to exist and should be preserved.) ... the sun''s harmful rays A away with B from C under D out of Cụm động từ protect smb/smth from 19 Deforestation simply means clearing of the green cover and making that land available residential,... beauty and inspiration A the B their C its D those Xác định danh từ tính từ sở hữu + tính hợp số 29 Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the variety of life either in a particular place or... (7) with the assessment that most of the (8) warming over the last 50 years is likely to (9) due to the human-caused increase in greenhouse gas concentrations However, there is also a