A Study On Historical And Social Background And The Newness Of Language Use In ‘Pride And Prejudice’.pdf

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies Faculty of Post-graduate studies **************** NGUYỄN KIM OANH A Minor thesis on: A STUDY ON HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND AND THE NEWNESS OF LANGUAGE USE IN ‘PRIDE AND PREJUDICE’ BY JANE AUSTEN (NGHIÊN CỨU CƠ SỞ LỊCH SỬ, XÃ HỘI VÀ TÍNH MỚI CỦA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG NGƠN NGỮ TRONG TÁC PHẨM „KIÊU HÃNH VÀ ĐỊNH KIẾN‟ CỦA JANE AUSTEN) Field: Linguistics Code: 602215 HANOI – DECEMBER 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies Faculty of Post-graduate studies **************** NGUYỄN KIM OANH A Minor thesis on: A STUDY ON HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND AND THE NEWNESS OF LANGUAGE USE IN ‘PRIDE AND PREJUDICE’ BY JANE AUSTEN (NGHIÊN CỨU CƠ SỞ LỊCH SỬ, XÃ HỘI VÀ TÍNH MỚI CỦA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG NGƠN NGỮ TRONG TÁC PHẨM „KIÊU HÃNH VÀ ĐỊNH KIẾN‟ CỦA JANE AUSTEN) Field: Code: Supervisor: Linguistics 602215 Dr Phạm Đăng Bình HANOI – DECEMBER 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement i Abstract ii Table of contents iii PART 1: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Aims and objectives of the study Methodology of procedures 3 Design of the study 3 Data collection and date analysis Scope of the study PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Definitions of key terms 1.1.1 Discourse and discourse analysis 1.1.2 Literary style 1.1.2.1 Word choice 10 1.1.2.2 Sentence fluency 10 1.1.2.3 Voice 10 1.1.3 Language use 11 iii 1.1.3.1 Participant 12 1.1.3.2 Social processes 12 1.1.3.3 Collective activities 12 1.2 Previous studies 13 CHAPTER ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Introduction to Jane Austen 14 2.2 Introduction to „Pride and Prejudice‟ 15 2.2.1 Summary 15 2.2.2 Themes 16 CHAPTER 3: HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRITISH NOVELS 3.1 Historical background 17 3.2 Social background 19 th th 3.3 Themes and forms of the late 18 and early 19 century novels 19 CHAPTER 4: NEWNESS OF LANGUAGE USE IN ‘PRIDE AND PREJUDICE’ 4.1 Austen‟s distinctive writing style 23 4.2 Newness in language use 24 4.2.1 Language use in the three leading conversations 24 4.2.1.1 Act 25 4.2.1.2 Act 30 iv 4.2.1.3 Act 36 PART 5: CONCLUSION Newness of language use 37 The matter of love and love expressing 39 Contributions of the study 40 Suggestions for further studies 40 REFERENCES …………………………… 41 APPENDIX I v PART 1: INTRODUCTION This initial part stated the problem and the rationale of the study, together with the aims, objectives, the scope of the study, and the overview of the rest of this research paper Above all, it was in this part that the research question was identified to work as clear guidelines for the whole research Rationale of the study In the eighteenth century, the readers were delighted by a new form of prose, which was called „novel‟ for the first time by Daniel Defoe – the first considerable British novelist A „novel‟ with a certain length did bring amusement, pleasure and joy to those who were concerned when the contemporary British society was dreadfully chaotic in the virtue of the changes in the monarch In the innovation of this new form of prose, there appeared a remarkable number of writers and their works They were coined to emphasize not only the social changes but also the imaginary stories, which exposed their hope for a better life, so even the family or social class problems were best put down in words by one of the most famous female novelist in Britain and all over the world – Jane Austen Peter Washington in his commentary once implied that Jane Austen belonged to the fantastic side of the English comedy that appealed so strongly to the readers, not only in Britain but also from all over the world She was also said to be the first novelist capable of “conveying both interior and exterior of human life” as well as “developing the means of representing the totality of human life” (Ian Watt, 1957) In the six novels written during the very last decades of the eighteenth century, she truly succeeded in describing “the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which to me the most wonderful I‟ve ever met with … that a pity such a gifted creature dies so early” as Walter Scott (1826) once stated in his commentary All the certain circumstances were just within the leading involvement of one family and their neighbours and friends in which Austen created “some heroines who were credible with minds, with the capacity to think for themselves with ambition and wit”; and „Pride and Prejudice‟, the novel about marriage, was said to be the best of them all „Pride and Prejudice‟ was coined to construct the frame of the contemporarily social satire, within the relationship between people from the middle and upper classes It initially commenced the era of „country family novels‟ which set a “prying inquiry into the manner, human dignity and great strain” on the characters and the society they were living in, which made her novels connected to the contemporary world more than the traditional society of the eighteenth century as Diệp Minh Tâm (2002) once commented Further more, it ranked one of the greatest novels of all time following “Wuthering heights” by Emily Bronte - 1847) and was read even if it was not taught at school The researcher was impressed by the name of the novel at first and became overexcited about the novel since she finished reading it for the first time The novel was really linked to both of the real world and the emotional changes inside individuals, especially the female Therefore, putting extra effort in investigating what impressed her really fed her desire to understand the people and society at the time Aims of the study This study was carried out with the hope of exploring the background of the temporary Britain leading to the remarkable changes in its literal history of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries especially in the view on British novels The study also aimed at answering the question: “What is Jane Austen‟s distinctive writing style?” The answer to the question would help the students of Linguistics, the novel's readers as well as those who wished to specialize in English Literature realize what made Austen one of the most successful female novelist of the century Right from the start, the researcher expected to find out the historical and social background of the British Literature and briefly analyze the language use in „Pride and Prejudice‟ which exposed Austen‟s distinctive writing style Last but not least was the researcher‟s desire to understand the novel, which was really related to the controversial matter of love and love expressing Methodology of procedures 3.1 Design of the study The study was divided into three main parts While Part One dealt with the general information which contained the rationale, aims and objectives, methodology and scope of the study, Part Two went into further details of the historical and social background; and the newness of language use in Jane Austen‟s Pride and Prejudice through four chapters The suggestions for further research would not be omitted in the last part 3.2 Data collection and data analysis The study used the descriptive and contextual methods of data collecting and analyzing Basing on the huge resources of library and internet materials, the researcher analyzed and then agglutinated those ideas into her own brief clear and understandable viewpoints On the other hand, several differences in the changeable literal trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would be briefly stated in her Analysis on how main characters exposed their own „pride‟ and „prejudice‟ in some certain circumstances through the three volumes Scope of the study As could be seen from the title, the study strongly focused not only on the historical and social background but also on the language use of the novel which played the most important role To understand that newness of language use in the novel, the researcher had to pay her full attention to the main characters‟ leading conversations in the three volumes which helped expose the cherish love and the theory of „pride‟ and „prejudice‟ – the main themes of the novel Amongst the three conversations, the first two would be thoroughly analyzed, for the reason that the first „conversation‟ brought the two main characters by their mistaken first impression and the second conversation was about the conflicts finally resolved PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Definitions of key terms To be able to analyze the newness of language use through the three acts of the novel, there were several key terms: discourse and discourse analysis, literary style and language use, which needed to be deeply understood So for the purpose of providing a clear and deep understanding of the matter, this first chapter would focus on the definitions of those key terms while mentioning some necessary information about previous studies that related to the matter of the study 1.1 Discourse and discourse analysis Through centuries, 'discourse' was defined in various ways by a number of scholars „Discourse‟ was 'stretches of language perceived to be meaningful, unified and purposive' (Cook 1989:156) „Discourse‟ was considered 'a communicative event which draws on the meaning potential of the language (and other systems of communication) to carry communicative value (the illocutionary force) of speech acts through utterances In other words, it referred to “the interpretation of communicative events in context.” (Nunan 1993:7-8) It could be said that there were no significant differences between those definitions since the notion of „discourse‟ was all about how the language use was understood in such verbal events Sharing a lot in common with Malinowski, linguists (Hymes, 1960s; Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969; Grice, 1975; and Halliday and Hasan, 1973, 1978, 1989, 1994) had of a good fortune must be in want of wife” This ball brought Bingley and Jane – the eldest Bennet girl – together through an actual attraction, and Elizabeth‟s „first impression‟ toward Mr Darcy - “the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world” who would never be welcomed again in Longbourn Furthermore, he was one of the two – with Mr Bingley‟s sister – adding intensified aversion to the separation of Bingley and Jane later on Meanwhile Mr Collins got a marriage refusal when he proposed to Elizabeth Promptly he transferred his affection to Charlotte Lucas which was finally accepted Elizabeth once again was brought into a contact with Darcy in Pemberley, in Derbyshire where Darcy proposed to her in terms that did not conceal his pride but got an indignant rejection back During this visit, Elizabeth reached the news that her sister Lydia eloped with Wickham, son of the steward of the Darcy property The story was untied since Darcy‟s letter to Elizabeth and they finally engaged, back to Longbourn and the relationship between Bingley and Jane was also renewed, and then ended in a happy engagement 2.2.2 Themes The short courtship between Darcy and Elizabeth was an example of “one of the most cherished love stories” (Spark notes, 2012) in the English literature which displayed the „Pride‟ and „Prejudice‟ even when their love and marriage was built and maintained through their common interests in reading Elizabeth, who even did not have a home-tutor, had a great desire in reading books while Darcy exposed his reading interest in preserving his father‟s big library in the house, revealed during Elizabeth‟s stay in Pemberley and led to the readers‟ realization of a suitable match – Darcy and Elizabeth While other four couples‟ which were presented in the novel: “to the love and attraction shared by Jane and Mr Bingley; the convenience of marriage was portrayed through Charlotte and Mr Collins; Lydia and Wickham‟s marriage was 16 based on their desire, attractions and financial status; Mr and Mrs Bennet‟s marriage was for their necessity; the love of Darcy and Elizabeth was so pure”, (http://www.ukessays.com/essays/english/pride-prejudice.php) unlike the others‟, and then was recognized through a number of their many countless small obstacles Being portrayed as a very proud man, Darcy was misjudged by the first poor expression in Elizabeth blinding herself for quite a long time To the surprise that Darcy, who would find hard to express his own love feeling to others especially a woman in this case, decided to express his love to Elizabeth by saying such a pure and genuine sentence: “You must allow me to tell you how much I admire and love you” (p157) Elizabeth‟s love for Darcy was very clear when she said to her parents “I like him, I love him” The „pride‟ and „prejudice‟ towards each other seemed no longer exist between them at the very end of the novel when both of the two main characters said for their love and belief in the future good marriage The love between these two individuals was truly depicted to be something independent of all invisible social forces Jane Austen surely had a number of her reasons to re-title the novel by „Pride and Prejudice‟ instead of „First Impression‟ as she did ‘Pride’ and ‘Prejudice’ played as the two other main themes which people living in the current time found difficult to understand the meaning As mentioned in the novel that people of whatever the society was could be prevented from realizing the truth due to their own pride and prejudice towards other people Walter Scott (cited by Qaisar Iqbal Janjua, 2010) once commented: “In Pride and prejudice one cannot equate Darcy with Pride, or Elizabeth with Prejudice; Darcy‟s pride of place is founded on social prejudice, while Elizabeth‟s initial prejudice against him is rooted in pride of her own quick perceptions” It meant that people were unable to separate and to analyze only Pride but Prejudice in Darcy or Elizabeth and vice versa, which would be more deeply and clearly analyzed in the following part of the study 17 CHAPTER 3: HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF BRITISH NOVELS 3.1 Historical background British history was said to be different from that of the European Continent because there had been no civil war in the country for centuries The British Isles had been inhabited by human beings for some 250,000 years, its history might appropriately begin with the Celts, who crossed from the European continent and settled in the British Isles (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland) during the very first millennium B.C Those thousands of years had passed and the country had been through many significant changes During the Medieval Era, Anglo-Saxon‟s conquest and then Roman‟s first invasion ruined the country, which finally recovered until the Age of Elizabeth I It was once again known as the age of the prosperity with economic and political stabilities Under Elizabeth I's control, the greatest age of British Literature was significantly marked by the first long story „Le Brut‟ – a story about King Arthur - by Wace was considered the very first accomplishment in literature, and Elizabethan homilies, which were to highlight the important of peace, unity and regulations obedience This glorious time of British literature was seen in the rise of comedies and tragedies in theatre by one of the most popular author – William Shakespeare: Othello – domestic tragedy as the jealousy rose to ruin the family members‟ relationships while Macbeth – poetic tragedy as the people were drawn in disappointment and guiltiness Additionally, the very first step to British novels was made to the publishing of „Pandosto‟ by Robert Green in 1588, „Jack of Newbury‟ by Thomas Deloney in 1597 and „The Unfortunate Traveller‟ by Thomas Nashe in 1594 18 3.2 Social background British society, with its class system and different class beliefs also provided a rich source of materials for character-based novels Many of them depended on the contrasts, real and imagined, between people of different classes, most especially the contrast between the middle and upper class families those who were different mainly in social status and fortune On the contrary, to the middle class, who was able to partially afford their own demands, the upper class was of a very good fortune, a plenty of fertile lands & ten thousand pounds per year Those were seen as the upper class who received a deep mutual respect and care from the rest of the society and novels were coined to fulfill the mission of describing the differences and conflicts The Age of Elizabeth I was considered the greatest age of English Literature due to the appearance of many types of literary work including: poetry, comedy/ tragedy in theater, narrative and a very first step to novels at the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century Besides, Shakespeare was one of the most famous authors in the theater at that time with the reputation of Othello – a domestic tragedy; King Lear – universal tragedy; and Macbeth – poetic tragedy Some other popular works were Pandosto (Robert Green, 1588); Jack of Newbury (Thomas Deloney, 1597); and The Unfortunate Traveller (Thomas Nashe, 1694) 3.3 Themes and forms of the late 18th and early 19th century novels Different from those in the Medieval Era when the winner in language use was French – the language of most of the literary work, the novels of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries owned some typical differences Although there were some stories with a considerable length, readers had to patiently wait until the eighteenth century to first see the appearance of the word „novel‟ which was seen as a „negative connotation‟ connecting to sentimental 19 romances This era had begun since the appearance of a number of handsome and courageous heroes who rescued emotional miserable heroines from difficult situations for the purpose of serving people mainly from the middle class By giving the name „novel‟ to this kind of prose, Daniel Defoe (1660 – 1731), a journalist with “the flavor of colloquial speech” (1998:31), became the first novelist of the English Literature, known through his fine writings such as Robinson Crusoe, even without any stylistic tricks or irony as readers always saw in his articles It was not a storybook but laid the fascination in the bald statement of facts After Daniel Defoe, there were two other writers – Jonathan Swift and Henry Fielding who devoted their whole lives to novel writing with a core of bitterness which itself was to expose a mad hatred to the contemporary society Whilst Jonathan Swift‟s Gulliver‟s Travellers hid much of the satire so cleverly that children still read it as a fairy tale, Henry Field, who started his novel writing career almost by accident, was highly appreciated by the critics through the boisterous humour, good sense and vivid characterization in his „Tom Jones‟ Till the late decades of the eighteenth century, there were some other novels of „mystery and imagination‟ by writers like Mrs Ann Radcliffe and Matthew Gregory Lewis Their works gave a rational explanation to the real world through The Romance of the Forest and The Mysteries of Udolpho; and shortlisted “the devil, horror, torture, magic and murder” - to their popularity which were all connected to the Gothic novel as Dorothy stated in “The concise Oxford dictionary of English Literature” „Gothic‟ took shape, as a class of novels dealing with frightening and supernatural and chiefly associated with Horace Walpole‟s „The castle of Otranto‟ and the works of Ann Radcliffe This type of novels specialized in ruins, haunted castles, frightening landscapes and what we called magic; and it was considered too confined to strict realism since the traditional Gothic staples 20 once portrayed “a threatening mystery and an ancestral, as well as countless trappings such as hidden passages and oft-fainting heroines” They fell within the category of Romantic literature and acted as “a reaction against the rigidity and formality” of other forms of Romantic literature Not wanting to follow the social prejudices, people rose to exclaim their individualism through their own thoughts and desires In a Gothic novel laid a description of a fallen world through all aspects, i.e theme, setting and characterization, which made many critics, engaged in the analysis of such various elements David Morris believed that the Gothic novel addressed “the horrific, hidden ideas and emotions within individuals” and provided “an outlet for them” When someone thought of and believed in the supernatural and the sublime, there seemed no place for them to express but Gothic novels; sometimes with prevalent fears of murder, rape, sin and the unknown elements what they had to face in life Thank to this “presentation of the unpresentable” which came into the literary world; an individual was able to reveal their perspective of the twentieth century and the unconsciousness of the human psyche The Gothic novel appeared and was said to be a foil to the typical Romantic novels since not only did it focus on evoking the atmosphere of horror and dread but also the deterioration of its thriving world with decaying and ruined sceneries Not so long since Gothic novels appeared, Wordsworth blew a breath of fresh air into the temporary British Literature which was called Romanticism The Romantic Movement in literature began with the storming of the Bastille in Paris and the Ist spilling of blood in the French Revolution This Romantic spirit spread out over a number of novels They characterized the beauty in art and nature, people‟s wishes and love; their awareness of personal hate, revenge, hard lives; or even a circle of social conflicts 21 Northanger Abbey was said, by Melanie Strieder (2003) to be “referred to as a parody of the Gothic novel” – which was in an association of “mysterious, frightening, fantastic, supernatural, sexual and sublime things” and Catherine Morland – the seventeen-year-old character – was seen as a typical example of the one who started thinking and acting in Gothic manners Jane Austen (1775 – 1817) was the first considerably important female novelist since she stood above both of the classical and romantic movements The gap between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries she bridged was unique due to her spending full attention depicting a small but typical corner of the English society as in her moderate country family novels She was interested in people, not ideas She knew her world too well and knew her characters so habitually that she could not bear to go into details about them 22 CHAPTER 4: NEWNESS OF LANGUAGE USE IN ‘PRIDE AND PREJUDICE’ 4.1 Austen’s distinctive writing style The popularity of Austen‟s six novels did heighten her to be one of the most important writers with the great contribution to the British Literature She was considered one of the most famous female novelists – “the first to represent society, the general culture, as playing a part in the moral life, generating the concepts of „sincerity and vulgarity‟, which no earlier time would have understood the meaning of.” („Pride and Prejudice‟, 1991) In other words that not being trapped by the Gothic plot which was very popular in the eighteenth century, the appearance of Jane Austen‟s novels was characterized as the one who put the very first actual remarkable step to the Victorian/ Romantic Age She escaped from the terror implicit in the increasingly dictatorial reign of the contemporary social values Butler in his commentary on Jane Austen and Mansfield Park once stated that Jane Austen was the first female novelist who brought “the newness and modernity to the British literature through her intrigual writing style which satire the vices of her contemporary society” (Jane Austen and Mansfield Park, 1957) She was praised for the moral virtues as well as entertaining conversations - the exceeding specialties that could be easily seen in all of her novels It laid a gentle humour of coward situations happening toward the different relationship between the middle and higher classes, a rare flash of humour that readers seldom saw in other contemporary novels “Austen was the only woman novelist who I discuss at any length” - Ian Watt 23 (1957) once said In „Pride and Prejudice‟, Jane Austen claimed herself of manual dexterity to rely on a combination of parody, irony, burlesque through free indirect speeches of the first-third person narrative It was to comment on the portrayal of women in the 18th century - sentimental and gothic - as well as to foresee the portrayal of women in the 19th century – heroines standing above the social prejudice That was why Klingel Ray (2010) once claimed that Jane Austen was “first and foremost a satirist And for a satirist, irony is the major tool of language” 4.2 Newness in language use As mentioned above that to discuss the language use was to discuss the participants, social processes and collective activities as Watson‟s theory, which shared a lot in common with Field, Tenor and Mode in Halliday‟s theory The only difference remained in Mode, which was always essential for readers to recognize an author‟s voice So as a result, this special part of the study would focus on the leading conversations which formed this world-known novel firstly by briefly noting Field (social processes and collective activities), Tenor (participants) then thoroughly discussed Mode of the discourses through the two main characters‟ use of language 4.2.1 Language use in the three leading conversations As playing the leading roles in the novel, Elizabeth and Darcy were portrayed and drawn completely to a conflict as in the first Act, further away from her goal in the second Act and finally resolved in the last Act Three leading conversations between Darcy and Elizabeth would be thoroughly discussed in terms of Field, Tenor and Mode, which mostly helped expose Austen's ironic voice through her choosing words differently from other authors So, this part of the study was to state and to analyze what happened in each Act 24 with Austen‟s ironic voice through a cluster of main activities in the three volumes because in „Pride and Prejudice‟, irony was agreed to the “stratagem for survival” So as to understand more about its assumptions that the leading characters asserted in their claims against the overbearing society and emotion testing without betraying themselves into a commitment, the researcher aimed at putting much effort in thoroughly analyzing the following acts 4.2.1.1 Act The first Act included the first twenty-three chapters, the circumstance in which Darcy and Elizabeth started and remained the wrong impression on each other The welcome ball brought Darcy and Elizabeth together with the first mistaken impression when Darcy insulted Elizabeth‟s overhearing to his conversation with Mr Bingley To begin with Mr Bingley‟s welcome ball when Darcy and Elizabeth met each other for the first time, the readers‟ perception of the characters was shaped mainly by their words See Appendix for the origin text of the first 'conversation' between Darcy and Elizabeth, which contributed for one's wrong impression on the other 25 General analysis: Field Mr Bingley's welcome ball & Elizabeth‟s visit when her sister was ill at Longbourn Tenor Mr Bingley and Mr Darcy Mode + Verbs: dance, join, stand, detest, tempt, refuse, seize + Nouns: reel, manner, partner, lady, scarcity of gentlemen + Adjectives: tolerable, handsome, pleasant, beautiful, agreeable, young, fastidious, attractive, proud + Adverbs: occasionally, powerfully, archly By analyzing what other ladies in the ball room discussed, Darcy was decided to be “the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world and everybody hoped that he would never come there again” (Jane Austen, p 14) His good figure could not bring him other people‟s respect, simply because of his keeping the pride and there existed differences between the social classes the characters were from, middle and upper classes as mentioned, for him somehow people from those different classes were not meant for each other In all chapters in volume I, he turned his indifference toward the young ladies in the neighbourhood, including Elizabeth “She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men.” (Jane Austen, p 14) Through what was said, his comment on Elizabeth once was decided, and at the same time the idea that one‟s character was self-revealing once confirmed He refused to dance with any ladies, apart from Mrs Hurst and Miss Bingley, even when Mr Bingley came and asked whether his dancing partner could help introduce her sister, Elizabeth, to him It was because of his “fine tall and 26 handsome features” and “noble mien” (p 11) This rich, attractive but too proud gentleman was not the ladies‟ favorite as they observed Therefore, when mind entered into a man‟s action, the work would be spoiled, all the fine opinions from others turned into hatred During the ball time, he just danced with the two ladies of his party, Mrs Hurst and Miss Bingley and no one in the room could be worth to dance with, even Elizabeth Bennet Jane Austen‟s clever use of such those words to say that Elizabeth was not quite handsome for Darcy‟s taste did reveal this wealthy and proud man always judged people by their social status His prejudice against people from their lower class than his was once again truly acknowledged For the rest of the evening, he “declined being introduced to any other lady” and just walked “around the room, talking occasionally to one of his own party” while Elizabeth sat down after several dances because of the “scarcity of gentlemen” („Pride and prejudice‟, 1991, p 7) Elizabeth‟s overhearing Darcy‟s conversation with Mr Bingley when she sat down for two dances contributed to her negative opinion towards too proud Darcy People knew that education determined the behavior not someone‟s character and the negative replies always tended to come before the positive ones That was why there was no doubt that the second daughter of the Bennet family – a respectable person – turned her bitterness and wanted to avoid the proud man, which was determined by the environment They both were all themselves for a number of different reasons but on top of all were their own „pride‟ and „prejudice‟ towards each other Even when being described not as beautiful as her elder sister Jane, Elizabeth herself deeply understood that beauty was valuable but it was not by itself to get a girl married God brought the man a chance to meet young ladies but he refused the luck, refused what he would run after later on In chapter six when they both came to the ball at Sir William, Darcy showed a bit more interest in Elizabeth that was discovered by Mr Bingley‟s sisters She 27 immediately turned him down when Lady Lucas introduced Darcy to her for the coming dance “You cannot refuse to dance; I am sure when so much beauty is before you.” By taking Elizabeth‟s hand to give to Darcy who was not unwilling to receive and definitely in hope of being allowed “the honor of her hand” but finally in vain after what Elizabeth replied: “Mr Darcy is all politeness” archly smiled, then she turned away Tải FULL (61 trang): https://bit.ly/3ULZJA6 („Pride and Prejudice‟, 1991, p 32) Dự phòng: fb.com/TaiHo123doc.net She “archly smiled, then turned away” and that was an apology enough which could neutralize an insult toward “the proudest man” Elizabeth was oblivious of Darcy‟s interest in her, observing what he previously did when she discussed with Miss Lucas He came and silently overheard what they said which really drew Elizabeth‟s attention Even though not having a good figure, she was still “powerfully attractive” There was a reason why Jane Austen did not portray her as the most beautiful creature in the novel; that was because always in dark eyes, people saw a deep character; always in a strong character, we saw another character attracted This main plot‟s good intention in wishing to know more of the intelligent young lady who made him delighted really drew a refusal; but he was not hurt by her severe reply because he himself did not recognize his own severity on women, especially Elizabeth However, no love could be kept closed in his heart but exposed to his heaven-sent love as he might wish; and this might be true that what one most needed she most avoided The third chance that brought Darcy and Elizabeth together was in Mr Bingley‟s estate when Jane was sick on the visit to Lady Lucas “Elizabeth, feeling really anxious, was determined to go to her, though the carriage was not to be had, and as she was no horsewoman, walking was her only 28 alternative She declared her solution.” (p 38) It was said to be Darcy‟s passion that brought her to Netherfield, not the illness of her sister and clearly explained by her mother Mrs Bennet that she was not afraid of Jane‟s dying of “little trifling colds” (p 38) It referred that a woman in love could see nothing but the man she was in love with; in particular, circumstances of his presence, here meant Mr Bingley‟s estate Not only Darcy but also Elizabeth – the ones in love with each other – tended to say opposite to what they thought in their minds Whatever the circumstances were and whatever was said, the true love would always be recognized In the presence of Elizabeth at the drawing-room, Darcy had no doubt to speak bare facts about the Bennet family against Mrs Bennet‟s desire of making her daughters marry wealthy men as well as his personal interest in her second daughter – the most accomplished woman in his mind Every word was ironically created by the clever mind of Jane Austen that a woman in love always said things contrarily to what she wanted while a man in love, for keeping his pride, denied his true passionate love for the woman Moreover, occasionally she added her opinions to Darcy and Miss Bingley‟s conversation and did not stick her attention to the book she was obviously reading Her ears were fixed on his talking about his inherited property and family huge library of various books Her silence towards Darcy‟s question: “Do not you feel a great inclination, Miss Bennet, to seize such an opportunity of dancing a reel?” really surprised him and made him repeat once again Tải FULL (61 trang): https://bit.ly/3ULZJA6 Dự phòng: fb.com/TaiHo123doc.net “Oh! I heard you before, but I could not immediately determine what to say in reply You wanted me, I know, to say „Yes‟, that you might have the pleasure of despising my taste, but I always delight in overthrowing those kinds of schemes, and cheating a person of their premeditated contempt….” 29 “Indeed, I not dare.” („Pride and Prejudice, 1991, p 63) Elizabeth once again turned him down for her unwillingness to allow him “the pleasure of despising” her and her taste She cleverly refused to dance or even play a reel as Miss Bingley right away walked to the pianoforte Not like so easy other women, she impressed Darcy by the way this wealthy gentle man had never been He tried much to draw her attention into his conversation but strong desire, which failed against a strong character; but it was how a lover could be delighted by his clever attractive woman Not only turning Darcy down, she also smartly responded and silenced Miss Bingley, who talked and sang wonderfully to please the man she loved “without knowing that his mind was lost in another woman” (Karmayogi, 2008) 4.2.1.2 Act Visits were always made to bring people together On Elizabeth‟s visit to Pemberley, she spent some days in Rosings which brought a great disturbance of Darcy‟s refusing to his increasing love for this second Bennet daughter He was a lover who always wished to see his love even his mind stopped him from exposing that inner desire; and was totally surprised at Elizabeth‟s sudden presence in Rosings 30 6812646 ... general information which contained the rationale, aims and objectives, methodology and scope of the study, Part Two went into further details of the historical and social background; and the newness. .. The study used the descriptive and contextual methods of data collecting and analyzing Basing on the huge resources of library and internet materials, the researcher analyzed and then agglutinated... the study strongly focused not only on the historical and social background but also on the language use of the novel which played the most important role To understand that newness of language