Writing at HighSchool Notes on Writing at HighSchool (CÁC LƯU Ý KHI VIẾT) Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gòn AVOIDING FRAGMENTS (TRÁNH VIẾT CÂU KHÔNG HOÀN CHỈNH) A complete sentence needs only two[.]
Notes on Writing at HighSchool (CÁC LƯU Ý KHI VIẾT) Trương Văn Ánh Trường Đại học Sài Gịn AVOIDING FRAGMENTS (TRÁNH VIẾT CÂU KHƠNG HỒN CHỈNH) A complete sentence needs only two elements: (Câu hoàn chỉnh cần yếu tố) a subject - predicate unit AND a complete thought (Một cụm chủ ngữ-vị ngữ và ý hoàn chỉnh) In other words, a simple sentence is actually the SAME thing as an independent clause Dependent clauses or phrases are called fragments because they are missing one or more parts needed to make a sentence Therefore, they are only pieces or fragments of complete sentences Look at these examples: The man called the boy = Sentence Subject & predicate + complete thought Calling the boy = Fragment (phrase) No subject & predicate + No complete thought The man calling the boy = Fragment (phrase) Subject & Not predicate + No complete thought (-ing verb without helping verb) While the man called the boy = Fragment (dependent clause) Subject & predicate + No complete thought Câu có mệnh đề phụ, khơng có mệnh đề > thiếu ý AVOIDING COMMA SPLICES (TRÁNH KẾT NỐI CÂU BẰNG DẤU PHẨY) Sometimes two independent clauses (simple sentences) can be joined to form another kind of sentence: the compound sentence Two major errors can occur when constructing compound sentences Đôi mệnh đề độc lập (hai câu đơn) nối lại với để tạo thành câu khác: câu ghép Hai lỗi xảy viết câu ghép Error #1: The Comma Splice (Kết nối câu bằng dấu phẩy) Writers make this error when they try to separate the two independent clauses in a compound sentence with a comma alone Người viết phạm lỗi cố gắng tách hai mệnh đề độc lập câu ghép chỉ bằng dấu phẩy A comma is not a strong enough punctuation mark to separate the two independent clauses by itself; thus, using it causes the clauses to be spliced together Dấu phẩy không phù hợp để tách hai mệnh đề độc lập Do vậy, sử dụng dấu phẩy để tách câu không Example of a comma splice: (Thí dụ tách câu sai dấu phẩy) Ex: Jack reads a book, James plays video games This mistake can be corrected in four ways: Adding a correct conjunction: Ex: Jack reads a book, but James plays video games Using a correct punctuation: Ex: Jack reads a book; James plays video games Adding a correct conjunction and using a correct punctuation: Ex: Jack reads a book; however, James plays video games Writing two simple sentences: Ex: Jack reads a book James plays video games AVOIDING FUSED SENTENCES (TRÁNH CÂU KHƠNG CĨ KẾT NỐI) Ex: Mary watches a film Daisy plays the violin This mistake can be corrected in four ways: Adding a correct conjunction: Ex: Mary watches a film, but Daisy plays the violin Using a correct punctuation: Ex: Mary watches a film; Daisy plays the violin Adding a correct conjunction and using a correct punctuation: Ex: Mary watches a film; however, Daisy plays the violin Writing two simple sentences: Ex: Mary watches a film Daisy plays the violin ... punctuation: Ex: Mary watches a film; Daisy plays the violin 3 Adding a correct conjunction and using a correct punctuation: Ex: Mary watches a film; however, Daisy plays the violin Writing two simple... correct punctuation: Ex: Jack reads a book; James plays video games Adding a correct conjunction and using a correct punctuation: Ex: Jack reads a book; however, James plays video games Writing two... Mary watches a film Daisy plays the violin This mistake can be corrected in four ways: Adding a correct conjunction: Ex: Mary watches a film, but Daisy plays the violin Using a correct punctuation: