KHOA HQC - CONG NGH^ [ ttMMlli ThS Ll QUOC DUNG Khoa Cdng ngh€ TUddng - TrUdng Dgi hoc Dl&n lUc Ndng lUgng mdt trdi dd dUac rdt nhieu nhd khoa hgc, cde trUdng dgi hgcd Viet Nam nghiin cdu vd thd nghiim bdng cde thiet bi thdnh cong mang Igi nhang kit qud ddng khich li NhUng viic dng dung vdo cuoc song vd sdn xudt cde thiit bi ndy thi Igi ehUa dUgc quan tdm dung mdc Trong tuang lai, sddung cde thiet bi diin mdt trdi se Id mgt nhdng xu hUdng tdt yiu eua the gidi Bdi bdo xin gidi thiiu kit qud tinh todn thiet kecua Hi thdng pin ndng lugng mdt trdi Idm viic doe lap vdi lUdi de giup doe gid co cdi nhin tong quan each sd dung ede ddn pin mdt trdi hiin Tong quan ve he thong pin mat trdi phat trien nhfl My, Nhat, Phap, Ofle Lfu diem eua loai ngudn la khdng phai dung bd dfl trfl dien nang nen Hien cd hai edng nghe ngudn dien pin mat trdi thdng dung la: he ngudn dien pin mat trdi lam viec vdi Ifldi va he ngudn hoat ddng ddc lap Trong he ngudn pin mat trdi lam viec vdi Ifldi, dien nang mdt chieu tfl dan pin mat trdi dfldc bien ddi ddng dien xoay chieu hda vao mang Ifldi dien cdng nghiep Cdng nghe dfldc sfldung phd bien dcac nfldc khdng phai cham sdc, bao dfldng He ngudn pin mat trdi ddc lap thfldng dflpc sfl dung d cae khu vflc khdng ed Ifldi dien hoac de sfl dung vdi quy md nhd Phan Idn cae ngudn dien mat trdi dfldc flng dung d khu vflc ndng thdn, nhflng ndi xa Ifldi dien hoac d cae nfldc dang phat trien Dien A Dafi song 19 S KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Mdt he thdng nang Iflpng mat trdi ddc lap thfldng gdm cd cae phan sau: a Bo bien doi DC/DC Trong mot he thdng pin mat trdi ed the ed hoac khdng - Dan pin hay may phat pin mat trdi ed bd bien ddi DC/DC Trong thflc te, ngfldi ta thfldng sfl - Bd bien ddi DC/DC dung bd bien ddi DC/DC he thdng - Bdtfch trfl nang Iflpng Bp DC/DC he thdng nang Ifldng mat trdi ed tae - Bd bien ddi DC/AC dung dieu khien tfl ddng eae qua trinh nap va phdng dien - Tai tieu thu cua acquy va dd diem lam viec cdng suat Idn nhat b Bo tfch tru' nang IflOng 2.Dan pin hay may phat pin mat trdi Dan pin mat trdi gdm mot hoac mot sd modun pin mat trdi ghep ndi tiep, song song hay hdn hpp vdi Cae mddun pin dd hang ehue tam pin mat trdi ghep vdi va dfldc bao ve eae vat lieu sudt de ed the lam viee d dieu kien lau dai d ngoai trdi.Thdng thfldng, mot mddun PV gdm 36 hoac 72 tam pin ghep ndi tiep Cae he thdng pin mat trdi ndi chung deu can cd phan tich trfl nang Iflpng Oien nang phat tfl tam pin mat trdi vao ban hoac ed nang se dfloc tich vao bd phan tich trfl nang IflOng de cung cap cho tai vao ban dem hoac khdng cd nang Nhfl da ndi d tren, cd hai phflong phap phd bien de tfch trfl nang Iflpng he pin mat trdi la hoa vao Ifldi dien hoac dung bd tich trfl nang Iflpng.Tai cac nfldc dang phattrien chfla eddieu kien de hoa dien pin mat trdi vao Ifldi dien, dd viec dung MPPT mot bo tich trfl nang Iflpng hethdng pin la can thiet Bd tfch trfl nang Iflpng thfldng dung la acquy '' DaQpia maiirfli —• Bfibi&d(Si DC,1X c Bo bien doi DC/AC —• Bflbie'ad^i —• DC,^AC Tai Bd bien ddi DC/AC (Inverter) cd chflc nang bien ddi ddng dien mdt chieu (DC) tfl dan pin mat trdi hay tfl bd acquy ddng dien xoay chieu (AC) Bd bien ddi DC/ ' BfitidHtO' aaagliroaj AC cd hai loai: bd bien ddi mdt pha va bd bien ddi ba pha Trong an khdng trinh bay viec thiet ke, tinh toan eu the eae thdng sd eua mach DC/AC Od an ehi sfl dung gia tri dien ap va ddng dien vao cua bd bien ddi DC/AC lam thdng sd eua bd bien ddi DC/DC de tinh toan thdng sd cua bo bien ddi DC/DC Hinh So tong qudt h6 thong ndng lUang mat trdi Idm vi6c ddc ldp Dan pin mat trdi nhan nang Iflpng anh sang mat trdi va bien ddi dien nang mot chieu Oien nang mot chieu phat tfl dan pin ed the cung cap trfle tiep cho tai mdt chieu hoac tich trfl theo yeu cau d.Tai tieu thu Tai tieu thu he thdng rat phong phu, ed the la tai mot pha, tai ba pha, tai mot chieu nhan nang Iflpng trfle tiep tfl dan pin mat trdi hay la tai xoay chieu nhan nang Iflpng tfl bd bien ddi DC/AC Oien ap phat tfl mot dan pin ndi tiep ed the dat khoang 25V den 45V, nhflng ddng dien phat lai phu thude vao tam pin yeu nhat Do dd, cdng suat phat giam Oe giai quyet van de nay, ngfldi ta dung diode phan nhanh (bypass diodes) mac song song vdi eae tam pin Neu mac song song eae tam pin cd the giai quyet dfldc anh hfldng cua tam pin yeu nhat de'n toan bd dan pin (hien tfldng "weakest-link"), nhien dien ap kha thap Nhfl da trinh bay d chfldng 1, he thdng nang Iflpng mat trdi lam viee ddc lap vdi Ifldi, ngfldi ta dung acquy de tich trfl nang Iflpng Nang Iflpng d dau eua dan pin khdng dupe tai sfl dung het se dflpc nap cho acquy Bd nap acquy thfldng dung la bd bien ddi DC/DC kieu buck Neu sau acquy dflpc nap day ma nang Ifldng tfl dan pin phat van Idn thi nang Iflpng dd se dfldc tieu thu tren cac thiet bi dun ndng khae hoac bi xa bdt di Cdng suat dflpc xac djnh bdi yeu eau cua tai, vay can cd mdt sd yeu cau co ban ddi vdi cac bd bien ddi edng suat de he thdng hoat ddng vdi hieu qua eao 20 Dien A Ddi song Khi khdng cd anh nang mat trdi, acquy se phong nang Iflpng den tai thdng qua bd bien ddi KHOA HQC - CONG NGH^ cauY&zach _ DC,/.\C >piqu> Li trntcdo COQ$ ! > * Ion /)lAll H'mh cdu tgo cua acquy tra Tinh toan he thdng pin mat trdi Hin/i Vi tri cua aquy h^ thong pin mat trdi Idm viic ddcldpvdllUdidiSn Yeu cau: Tinh toan thdng sd he thdng pin mat trdi lam viee doe lap vdi Ifldi, biet edng suat la P = KW, dien Oidt Dj^ ngan khdng cho acquy nap acquy da dflpc nap day hoac vi nhflng If dd khae Oidt D cd tae dung each li dan pin mat trdi vdi acquy ngan viec acquy phdng dien vao dan pin dan pin khdng phat nang Iflpng vao ban d e m Bd dieu khien se t h u thap cac tfn hieu eua he thdng: tin hieu ddng dien va dien ap phat t f l dan pin hoac t f l acquy de nhan biet trang thai cua acquy, t f l dd dieu khien bd bien ddi phdng, nap hoac xa bdt cdng suat d f l thfla a p d a u la U= 220V, tan sd f = 50Hz Ta cd so eau true he thdng nang Iflong pin mat trdi (HTNLPMT) nhfl sau: s Bo biSn Bobi*n d6i K/DC Tai doi DC/.\C Q c tim piD diu DOI oCp Lflu trQ nang luong B6 Oien nang rat linh hoat each sfl dung bdi vi nd edthe chuyen ddi sang eae dang nang Iflong khae vdi hieu suat eao Vi du, nd ed the chuyen sang nang Iflpng ed hpe vdi hieu suat xap xi 100% hoac chuyen sang dang nhiet nang vdi hieu suat 100% Hay ndi theo m o t each khae, nang Iflong nhiet khdng the chuyen ddi trfle tiep sang dien nang.Vi ly dd, hieu suat qua trinh chuyen ddi nhiet nang sang dien nang cua m o t thiet bi tieu bieu chi dat dfldc dfldi 40% Mdt nhfldc diem eua dien nang la khdng the d f l trfl de dang vdi m o t quy m d Idn Phan Idn dien nang dflpc san xuat bang may phat dien Nang Ifldng quang dien va nang Ifldng gid la Idai ngudn nang Iflpng gian doan va khdng the phu hop vdi yeu eau cua tai trdng sudt thdi gian 24 gid ngay, 365 nam Chinh vi dieu Iflu t r f l nang Ifldng t r d m d t mong m u d n tflong lai nham ket hpp vdi he t h d n g nang Ifldng t f l phue hdi, dac biet la nhflng thiet bi ddc lap ^cquy iquy Hinh So cdu true HTNLPMT Tfl Sd dd eau true tren ta ed: Oe ed edng suat va dien ap tai dat yeu eau can tien hanh tfnh toan cac phan sau: - Tinh toan sd tam pin mat trdi can dung - Tinh toan thdng sd bd bien ddi DC/DC - Tinh chon sd acquy can dung, thdng sd bp nap acquy va bd phdng acquy - Tinh toan thdng sd bd bien ddi DC/AC a Chon so luong va loai modun cho dan pin mat trdi Cdng nghe Iflu trfl nang Iflpng hien va tfldng lai cd the coi n h f l la ae quy quang dien ddc lap hoac he thdng nang Ifldng gid nhflng loai sau day : Chon modun pin loai KC50T san xuat tai Nhat eho dan pin mat trdi Sfl dung loai pin mat trdi KC50T hang Kyoeera san xuat cd nhflng thdng sd co ban d dieu kien • Ac quy dien hda tieu ehuan (lOOOW/m^ d 25°C) nhfl sau: • Banh da • Khi nen • Day sieu dan P = 60.5 W max V^pp= 16,5V l„,„„ = 3,6 A MPI' ' V^^ = 21,06V Dien A Dti/i song 21 S KHOA HOC • CONG NGHE I =3,8 A sc Gdm Ns = 36 pin mac ndi tiep b Tinh toan bo bien doi DC/DC Oien ap t f l dan pin mat trdi dfldc dfla vao b d bien ddi DC/DC Oe cd mflc dien ap 340VDC n h f l da tfnh d tren, chpn d u n g bd bien ddi DC/DC kieu tang ap (boost converter) de tang dien ap 300fl 341V t f l dan pin t h a n h dien ap 400V d dau Tinh toan t h d n g sd t r o n g mach boost: D L Hinh 6.So mach ngp acquy Oien ap vao mach nap acquy dflpc lay t f l dien ap cua pin mat trdi t f l 300V den 330V Mach nap acquy phai cap dien ap nap cho acquy dai t f l 380,7 den 405V Ddng dien nap acquy la C/10 = 1,5A K E Oien ap dat len K va Oidt ft nha't phai bang dien ap Nen: U^=Ug = 405V Chpn loai IGBT IXSH20N60AUI cd cae t h d n g sd sau: -r Hmh S.Sa tinh todn mach khuech dgi dp Chpn loai IGBT (cd gan s i n Oidt) IXSH20N60AUI cd Icmax Ucemax 40 Uce(th) Pemax Ucemax 150 IgemA max 600 ±20 0.5 cac t h d n g sd sau: Chpn Didt SW04PCN020 vdi eae thdng sd sau: Icmax Ucemax Pemax Ucemax 40 150 600 Uce(th) max Ige mA ±20 Itbmax(A) Id (A) Ungmax(V) 16 230 400 0.5 e Tinh toan bo bien doi DC/AC Chpn Didt SW04PCN020 vdi eae thdng sd sau: Itbmax(A) Id (A) Ungmax(V) 16 230 400 c.Ti'nh chon Acquy Gia thie't dung a c q u y 12 V, dien ap tren ngan acquy Sfl d u n g b d bien ddi DC/AC m d t pha nfla cau Chpn loai van IGBT (ed gan s i n Oidt) IXSH20N60AUI ed cac thdng sd sau: Icmax Ucemax 40 Uee(th) Pemax Ucemax 150 max ±20 600 IgemA 0.5 la 2,5V, de tich t r f l dflpc 400V t h i sd ngan acquy can thiet la: 400^= 160 ngan M d t binh acquy V c d ngan, vay sd binh acquy can thiet la: = 26,66 binh ~ 27 binh Vay t d n g cdng sd ngan sfl dung la: 27 x = 162 ngan Suy L dien ap chieu Idn nhat eua acquy se la Ud = 2,5 x 162 ngan = 405 V Oien ap nap ndi mdi ngan la 2,35V, do dien ap khdi acquy la 2,35x162 = 380,7 V Nhfl vay, bd bien ddi DC/DC can lam viee de eho dien ap t f l 380,7V den 405V T: i^zx i d Tinh toan mach nap ac quy Cau true cua mach nap ac quy n h f l sau: 22 Dieu A Ddi song Hinh Bd bien doi DC/AC Load KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Q f Mach dieu khien van Cac khoa dien t f l he t h d n g (trong mach nap b Mo phong pin mdt trdi d dieu kiin thay doi nhiit PV Module l-V Curve with vanable Temp from to 75 Ces acquy va trdng bd bien ddi DC/AC) deu sfl dung IGBT Ta chpn Driver eho eae IGBT la m d t IC chuyen dung HCPL-316J, day la loai IC cd tich hdp kha nang bao ve chdng bao hda eho IGBT d m 36] V|N- VLED2+ DESAT Vcci 15 10 Module Voltage (V) PV Module P-V Curve with variable Temp GND1 VCC2 TJ] m _5 RESET Vc in FAULT VOUT VLEDI- VEE To~| VEE ~9~1 15 10 Module Voltage (V) HinhS IC chuyin dung HCPL-3I6J diing mach dieu khien van 5.Ket qua mo phong a Mo phong ddc tinh pin mdt trdi ddieu kiin thay doi PV Module l-V Cuive with variable irradiance from 400 to 1000W/m2 nhiit Ket luan Bai bao da dfla gidi thieu tdng quan ve he thdng pin mat trdi lam viee vdi Ifldi vdi hy vong he thdng nang Iflpng mat trdi khdng chi dflpeap dung edng nghiep ma cdn dfldc dfla vao Unh vflc dan dung Day la mpt he thdng tfldng lai se dflpc sfl dung rat nhieu de gdp phan giam tai nhu cau nang Ifldng eho he thdng dien qude gia ciJng nhfl dam bao mot phan nhd an ninh nang Iflong Bai bao cung dfla cac thdng sd tfnh toan mot bp acquy cu the va dung mach nap eung n h f l m a c h phdng eu the cho acquy dd Tai lieu tham khao Frede Blaabjerg, Remus Teodoreseu, Zhe Chen, Marco Liserre Power Converters and Control of Renew/able Energy 10 15 Module Voltage (V) PV Module P-V Cuive with variable irradiance Systems Bangyin Liu, Shanxu Duan, Feli Liu, and Pengxei Xu Analysis and Improvement Tracking Algorithm Based on Incremental Method for Photovoltaic Power Point Conductance Array K.H Hussein, I, Muta, T Hoshino, M Osakada Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an for rapidly changing atmosphenc of Maximum algorithm conditions HardickPOesai, and H.K Patel Maximum Power Point Algorithm In PV Generation: An Overview 10 15 Module Voltage (V) Francisco M Gonzalez- Longatt Model of Photovoltaic Module In Matlab Dien A Ddfi song 23 ... nang IflOng 2.Dan pin hay may phat pin mat trdi Dan pin mat trdi gdm mot hoac mot sd modun pin mat trdi ghep ndi tiep, song song hay hdn hpp vdi Cae mddun pin dd hang ehue tam pin mat trdi ghep... (bypass diodes) mac song song vdi eae tam pin Neu mac song song eae tam pin cd the giai quyet dfldc anh hfldng cua tam pin yeu nhat de''n toan bd dan pin (hien tfldng "weakest-link"), nhien dien... thfldng, mot mddun PV gdm 36 hoac 72 tam pin ghep ndi tiep Cae he thdng pin mat trdi ndi chung deu can cd phan tich trfl nang Iflpng Oien nang phat tfl tam pin mat trdi vao ban hoac ed nang se dfloc