1062 Van de van chuyin d^u RP 3 va giai phap thy ru aParaffin trong dudng ong VAN DE VAN CHUYEN D A U RP 3 VA GIAI PHAP T A Y RU A PARAFFIN TRONG DlTCJNG ONG KHONG BOC CACH NHIET Ha Van Bich, Tdng Can[.]
1062 Van de van chuyin d^u RP-3 va giai phap thy ru-aParaffin dudng ong VAN DE VAN CHUYEN D A U RP-3 VA GIAI PHAP T A Y RU A PARAFFIN TRONG DlTCJNG ONG KHONG BOC CACH NHIET Ha Van Bich, Tdng Canh Som XNLD Vietsovpetro TOM TAT Ddu khai thac & khu vuc Ddng Nam Rdng dugc thu gom, xir ly vd van chuyin vi kho ndi chua xudt ddu (KNCXD) Chi Linh bdng dudng dng RP-3 —> RP-1 khdng bgc cdch nhiet Qud trinh van chuyin ndy rdt khd khdn hiin tugng ldng dgng paraffin Tdc ldng dgng paraffin bin dudmg dng phu thudc rdt nhiiu vdo dge tinh ly hod cua ddu thd Nhung, yiu td chinh dnh hudmg ddng ki len qud trinh vd mirc hinh thdnh lcrp ldng dgng paraffin la ddc tinh thuy ddng luc hgc cua ddng chdy du&ng dng thi chua dugc xem xit mdt cdch day du Bdo cdo ndy trinh bdy kit qud nghiin cim mgt so yiu to thuy dgng luc hgc co tdc ddng lin qud trinh ldng dgng paraffin hin duong ong ddn ddu RP-3 —> RP-1 khdng bgc cdch nhiet, phirong phdp xu ly ddu di van chuyin vd trin co s& phdn tich kit qud dua gidi phdp tdy rua l&p paraffin ldng dgng MO DAU Qua trinh van chuyen dau nhilu paraffin bing dudmg dng thudmg kem theo hien tugng lang dgng paraffin [1] ma dac biet la cac doan dng khdng dugc bgc each nhiet Tdc lang dgng paraffin phu thudc vao dac trung ly - hda ciia diu thd khai thac, dieu kien nhiet thiiy ddng lire hgc va cac ylu td khae ma cho din vin chua dugc nghien ciiu mdt each chi tiet Mdt nhtrng yeu td chinh dugc xem la anh hudng manh me din qua trinh va mire hinh lang dgng paraffin dng la dac trung thuy ddng luc hgc cua ddng hdn hgp cac chit ldng dng Kit luan dugc khing dinh tai nhilu cdng trinh khoa hgc va ngoai nude da cdng bd trudc day [2, 3] Tir nhan dinh tren, ma XNLD Vietsovpetro da dua cac bien phap han chi va tiy rira chit ling dgng paraffin hinh ben dudng dng dan diu bing each bom them nude bien vao nhtrng dng cd luu lugng be dl tang tdc ddng chay ciia chit ldng Thuc tl cho thay, giai phap tren da mang lai hieu qua tich cue cho cdng tac san xuit tai cac cdng trinh dau ngoai khoi cac md eiia XNLD Vietsovpetro, ring khdng cin phai dirng khai thac dau ma van tiy rira dugc ldp ling dgng paraffin hinh dng Va nhu vay, hieu qua van hanh cac dudng dng din diu, dac biet la cac dudng dng cd luu lugng be d XNLD Vietsovpetro dugc nang cao Van de cdt loi ciia viec gia tang van tdc ddng chay ong la tao dugc nhtrng img lire trugt du ldn, thang dugc lire lien kit ben giiia cac phin tir cua diu ddng dac, gitra cac phan tir paraffin kit tinh, cac tap chit co hgc ciia chit ling dgng hay lire bam dinh ciia chimg vdi be mat kim loai ciia dudng dng Ket qua la cac ldp ling dgng Tuyin tap bao cao HQi nghj KHCN "30 nSm Dau Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1063 paraffin mim hay cirng (thudng gap thue tl ben dudng dng van chuyen diu nhilu paraffin) tai mgi trudng hgp cd thi han cbl va khae phuc dugc LANG DONG PARAFFIN TRONG D U ^ N G ONG VAN CHUYEN D A U bao eao nay, chung tdi xem xet trudmg hgp van chuyen dau khai thac tai RC-2 md Rdng ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro, bing dudmg dng khdng bgc each nhiet RP-3 —> RP-1, dudng kinh 426 x 16mm, chieu dai 18000m Thdi gian diu viec van chuyen san pham khai thae d khu vue duge thue hien dudi dang hon hgp vdi khi, van tdc ddng chay ciia hdn hgp dng la 0,7m/s (tuong duong luu lugng diu 1700t./ngd va he sd khoang 27mVm^) hien tugng ling dgng paraffin mem it xay cac luc co hgc hdn hgp dii ldn tuong tac ve mgi phia ben dudng dng Sau xay dung xong gian RP-3, viec van chuyen san phim khai thac dugc thuc hien dudi dang dau da tach va van tdc ddng chat ldng dng da giam xudng va ehi dat 0,15 - 0,17m/s, nhd ban lan so vdi van tdc ddng chay d che hdn hgp dau va qua trinh lang dgng dudng dng lai xay rat nhanh Ket qua xac dinh cac thdng sd luu bien ciia cac mau dau, khai thac tren RC-2 va RP-3, trudc va sau khdi dudng dng RP-3 —> RP-1, d hai che van chuyen dugc trinh bay Bang Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay, nhdt va iing suat trugt ddng hgc cua dau d cac che van chuyen khae rat chenh lech Dieu chirng td, irng lire tao dugc may bom khdng du ldn de day toan bd ddng chat ldng khdi dudng dng ma mdt phan bi li dgng lai de tao nhtrng viing lang dgng cue bd va theo thdi gian se phuc hdi dan cau triic ban dau Vimg cac chat lang dgng cang tang va se lam cho tiet dien dudng dng giam cho den van tdc ddng chay dng dii ldn va day dugc ldp dau ngoai Bang 1: Tinh chat lu-u bien cua dau RC-2 du'oc lay tren ong dung RC-2 va tren RP-1 van chuyen du'oi dang hon hop dau va dau da tach Ldy tren RP-1 Ldy trin RC-2 Nhiet do, °C Ddu tdch Hdn hgp ddu (v = 0,15-0,17m/s) (v = 0,5 - 7m/s) Do nh&t, mPa*s Ung sudt trugt Pa Do nh&t, mPa*s Ung sudt trugt Pa Do nh&t, mPa*s Ung sudt trugt Pa 22 152 2,0 1190 35.0 238 5,7 24 85 1,3 789 23.0 139 3,5 26 53 0,8 309 9.0 71 1,8 28 42 0,4 109 1.1 32 0,7 30 32 75 0.6 28 0,2 T, ddng dac 19-21 24 -25 21 -23 De nghien ciru chi tilt vin dl tren, ta hay xem xet dac tinh cua diu dugc van chuyin theo dudng dng RP-3 ^ RP-1 Q day, nhiet trung binh ciia diu sudt 1064 Van dg van chuygn dau RP-3 va giai phap thy ru^Paraffin dudng dng_^^ qua trinh van chuyen thap ban nhiet ket tinh paraffin, tire da xuat hien hien tugng ciia chit ldng phi Niutan dudng dng Liic nay, dudng eong chay ciia chat ldng dng dugc viit dudi dang dudng cong cua chat ldng gia deo (md hinh SvedovaBingham) Trong dd: T - U'ng suat trugt, Pa Id - U'ng suit trugt ddng lire hgc, Pa Up - Do nhdt deo, Pa*s Y - Tdc dich chuyen, s'' Khi tac dung cua iing lire trugt may bom tao nen ldn hon iing suat trugt ddng lire hgc ciia chit ldng thi ciu triic lien ket cua cac chat bi pha hiiy Luc nay, dau mang tinh chit ciia chit ldng Niutan va cd nhdt la nhdt deo va bang ^tp Neu irng lire trugt tao duge may bom nhd hon iing suat trugt ddng lire hgc ciia dau thi diu va cac chit ling dgng dng se khdng dich chuyen duge ma tich tu lai tirng viing C) trang thai yen tmh, cac phan tir paraffin dau tao nen nhiing mang tinh thi va hinh cac ciu true cd vtrng chac theo thdi gian Phiic tap d day la nghien ciru ddng lire hgc miic ben vu:ng cua cac cau true dau (sir phu thudc ciia irng suat trugt ban dau theo thdi gian ma dau d trang thai tmh tai mdi trudng dang nhiet) Ung suat trugt ban dau khdng nhirng phu thudc vao nhiet ma cdn phu thudc vao thdi gian hinh va ben cua cau triic mang dd Ddi vdi dau khai thac tai cac md XNLD Vietsovpetro, ben ciia cau triic mang tao se tang va ed the dat tdi vai tram Pa khoang thdi gian mdt vai gid Neu ta sir dung hda pham giam nhiet ddng dac de xir ly dau thi gia tri tdi ban iing suat trugt ban dau ciia dau da xir ly cd the giam tdi hang chuc lan so vdi iing suat trugt ban dau ciia dau thd khdng xir ly hda pham va cd the dat d mirc mdt hoae vai chuc Pa [2] Viec sir dung phuomg phap tieu chuan van de xac dinh lang dgng paraffin cho thay rang lien quan giiia tdc hinh vimg cac chat ling dgng vdi cac dac trung thuy ddng lire hgc va nhdt dugc bieu thi d bilu thirc sau: ^ = ^f^l-t> (2) Trong dd: / - Tdc hinh viing lang dgng hay cac chat lang dgng paraffin Q - Luu lugng cua chat ldng dng, m^/ngd i? - Ban kinh thuy lire, m T - Ung suat trugt tai ong hay tren ldp lang dgng, Pa To - Ung suat trugt tinh cua diu ddng dac tai be mat phan each cac ldp Pa Tuyin tap bao cao HQi nghj KHCN "30 nSm Dau Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1065 MO HINH c A C QUA TRINH T A Y RU^A LOfP L A N G DONG PARAFFIN TRONG DU^ONG ONG VAN CHUYEN D A U RC-2 -^ RP-1 Nhu da ndi d tren, nlu nhu tao dugc irng luc trugt dudng dng dan dau mdt lire ldn hon iing suit trugt ddng lire hgc cua chat ldng thi cac cau triic lien ket ciia diu ddng hay cac chit lang dgng se bi pha huy Nhu vay, cae chat lang dgng hinh ben dudng dng se dugc day ngoai Ddi voi dieu kien dudng dng RP-3 -^ RP-1 d md Rdng ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro, cd the bom them nude bien vao nd bang each sir dung may bom Liic nay, tde ddng chay ciia chat ldng dng tang len, irng lire tac ddng chat ldng tao ben dudng dng se tang va pha buy cac lien ket cua chat lang dgng Ket qua la cac chat lang dgng paraffin da hinh dng se bi day ngoai Do luu lugng dau dat duge dudng dng RP-3 -^ RP-1 ehi khoang 1400 1500 t./ng.d cho nen can phai bom them mdt lugng nude bien cho hdn hgp vdi dau dat ty le 70:30 Day ciing la dieu kien ma ham Iugng nude dau d miic 70% O mirc nay, phan ldn nude se d trang thai tu va khd trdn lan qua may bom Chinh vi vay, ddng chat ldng di vao dng se d trang thai: dau, nude va nhii tuong dau - nude Ltic nay, cac phan tao nen hdn hgp chat ldng ben dudng dng cd cac tinh chat luu bien rat khae se lam phiic tap them viec md hinh hda cac qua trinh rira dudng dng van chuyen dau bang nude bien d cac md ngoai khoi cac md ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro Khi rira dudng dng, ddng chat ldng chuyen ddng dng khdng ddng nhit, vi vay md hinh cae qua trinh rira chi xem xet trudng hgp dom gian la chat ldng ddng nhat NghTa la trudmg hgp thudng gap thuc tl ngoai md md hinh cac qua trinh khae Ung suat trugt x dugc xac dinh theo bieu thirc sau: '' = T(P^-P2) (3) Trong dd: r - ban kinh thuy lire L - chieu dai dng Pl va P2 - ap suat tai hai dau dng Trong trudng hgp che ddng chay tang thi i dugc xac dinh theo cdng thiie: T= V ^ (4) Trong dd: u- tde trung binh ciia ddng chay dng p- nhdt hieu dung ciia chit ldng dng Do nhdt hieu dung cua chit ldng dng thay ddi theo chilu dai dudng dng va rit khd xac dinh Cdn img suit trugt cd thi xac dinh theo tdn thit thuy lire rira dng Ddi vdi dudmg dng RC-2 -> RP-1 tdn thit ap suit rira dudng ong bing nude biin thudng dao ddng d khoang 20 - 22at (ap suit tai dng dimg tren RC-2 la 40at va tren RP-1 la 18 20at.) 1066 Van dg van chuyen dau RP-3 va giai phap tiy ru-aParaffin dudng dng^ De danh gia kha nang luu thdng cua dudng dng hay thiet dien thiiy lire sau cd cac chit lang dgng hay viing cae chat li dgng ta thuc hien phep tinh toan tren co sd gia dinh cac be day ciia chat lang dgng la ddng nhat vdi nhiimg kich thudc sau: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 va 120mm, luu lugng diu bom la 1600 t./ng.d., nhiet diu tai diu vao eiia ong la Tn= 53°C, nhiet nude bien xung quanh dudmg dng xap xi 25*^0 Ket qua cac tinh toan dugc trinh bay Hinh N I U nhu doi chieu cac thdng sd theo nhiet va tdn that ap suat d thdi ky nude biin cd nhiet thap nhat thi day ciia ldp dau ddng dac trudc rira dng chirng 100mm, cdn sau bom rira bang nude bien cdn lai khoang 65 - 70mm Cd nghla la viec rira dinh ky dudng dng din dau bang nude bien ehi lam dudng kinh hieu dung ciia ong tang them dugc 30 - 35mm, hay ndi each khae: lugng dau ddng va ir dgng dng bi day ngoai chimg 340m3 Dieu cd the Iy giai tren Hinh rang sau rira dng bang nude bien, tdn hao ap suat bom dau cd the dat gia tri thap nhat d may dau sau riia dng, nhung sau dd tdn that ap suat se gia tang nhanh chdng Chigu day lap lAng dpng, mm Hinh 1: Tu'ong quan gifra ton that thuy lyc, nhiet dau tai dau cuoi cua ong va day cac r ' chat lang dong tao Cung can khang dinh ring, sir hinh cac viing chit ling dgng ben dudng dng dan dau cd anh hudmg din su truyin nhiet cua dudng dng N I U bl day cua Idp ling dgng tang thi nhiet diu tai diu cudi ciia dng tang va se anh hudng din ton thit thuy lire bom dau Khi bom nude biin vao dudng dng RC-2 ^ RP-1, d thdi gian ban diu diu den RP-1 cd nhiet tuomg ddi eao (32 - 33°C, eao hon 1,5 - 2°C so vdi chi ciia ddng chay dn dinh) Sau nia, nhiet diu din RP-1 giam nhumg khdng thip hon 29°C Dilu mdt lan ntra khang dinh ben dudmg dng vin cdn mdt ldp lang dgng cd bl day chimg 65 - 70mm, ldp ehinh la ldp each nhiet dl dau dng cd nhiet ldm hom nhiet mdi trudmg xung quanh Tuyin tap bao cao HQi nghj KHCN "30 nam Phu Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1067 Cae kit qua ciia md hinh toan hgc cho sir van hanh dudng dng RC-2 -^ RP-1 d chi tao vimg ling dgng cho thiy ring: nhiet diu tai dau eudi cua dng be day ldp ling dgng ciia dng 100mm se khdng nhd hon 33°C N I U nhu tinh den yeu td nhiet ciia nude biin d thdi ky khao sat cao ban gia tri tinh toan (25°C) thi nhiet diu tai diu cuoi eiia dng se cao ban 33°C Su khae biet cho thiy gia dinh ve tinh ddng nhit phan bd ling dgng paraffin ben dudng dng la khdng chinh xac so vdi thuc tl ngoai md doan diu dng, noi ma nhiet trung binh ciia ddng hdn hgp cdn tuong ddi cao, bl day ldp ling dgng cdn nhd so vdi gia tri trung binh ciia toan dudng ong hay tham ehi chua cd Luu lugng dau trung binh van chuyen bang dudng ong trinh bay bao cao la 1700t./ng.d., tuong duong vdi cac sd lieu da tinh toan 35.00 30.00 25.00 y 20.00 t 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 30-Jun lO-Jiil 20-JLI1 30-Jul 9-Aug 19-Aug 29-Ai^ Hinh 2: Tu'ong quan gifra nhiet dau len RP-1 va ton that thuy lyc ong RC-2 -> RP-1 Viing cac chat lang dgng hinh cd the duge tay rira toan bd trudng hgp phai tang dang ke luu lugng chit ldng bom qua dudng ong hay ein phai tang nhiet d viing cac chat ir dgng Viec tang khdng dang k l luu lugng chit ldng qua dudng dng se khdng dat duge kit qua cin thilt tinh chit sue biin theo thdi gian ciia dau ddng ldp ling dgng, bin ciu triic cung tang va nhu vay se din din ling suat trugt ciing tang Tren co so nhtrng dilu nhan xet tren, dl thay ddi chi thuy lire, tang tdc ddng chay, tao img suat trugt du ldn dl diy lap cac chit ling dgng cin bom mgt lugng xac dinh nude biin vao dudmg dng van chuyin diu ma khdng cin phai dimg khai thac diu tren RC2.^ Tren Hinh va la tuong quan gitra cac thdng sd bom rira dudng dng RC-2 -* RP-1 bang nude bien theo thdi gian 1068 Van de van chuygn dau RP-3 va giai phap tiy ru-aParaffin dudng ong^^ o D Thai gian bam rCpa, h Hinh 3: Cac thong so bom nu-oc bien vao du'ong ong RC-2 RP-1 theo thoi gian Phan tich cac thdng sd rira dudng dng RC-2 -^ RP-1 -^ UBN-3 theo thdi gian ciia luu lugng dau, nude va ap suat tren dng diing tai RC-2 Tren Hinh 3, ta thiy: d giai doan dau ciia qua trinh bom rira, ap suat tren dng diing tai RC-2 nhanh chdng tang den gia tri cue dai cd the dat dugc ciia may bom NPS-65/500 dat tren RP-3 Ap suat khoang 43 - 44at ddi vdi dau va 50at ddi vdi nude Vi bom ddng thdi diu va nude cho nen ap suat cue dai cua may bom dat tren RP-3 ed thi tdi 43 - 44at Trong dd, tdn hao ap suit tren doan dng RP-1 —>• UBN-3 da la 22 - 24at Cd nghla la tdn hao ap suit tren doan RC-2 -> RP-1 la 20 - 22at Theo mirc ling dgng dugc day ngoai ma thiet dien hieu dung ciia dudng ong dugc tang len se lam cho tdn hao ap suat bom dau giam, luu lugng bom chit bom tang Tren thuc t l lugng diu bom di tir RP-3 khdng ddi cho nen phin luu Iugng tang len se la nude Khi ap suit tren RC-2 giam den gia tri xac dinh thi tren RP-3 se khdi dgng them may bom nude SNC105/294 Chieu cao cdt ap cue dai cua loai may bom khdng hon 320m Cho nen van hanh ciing may bom loai NPS-65/500 ap suit diu vao cua nude phai dugc nang len hon 6at bang may bom ciiu hda Theo cac thdng sd rira dudng dng RC-2 -^ RP-1 nam 2003 thi thi tich cue dai ciia chat ldng bom vao dudng dng thdi gian rira nude khdng ldn ban 255 - 260m3 (Hinh 3) Thi tich tuong duong cdng suit cua tdng may bom NPS-65/500m lam viec dong thdi Cho nen, tren thuc t l hai may bom SNC105/294 khdng dua dugc nude vao dudng dng Vi vay hieu qua rira dudng dng bing nude bien bi ban chi Nhu da khang dinh thi ben dudmg dng cd mdt ldp cac chit ling dgng cd bl day khoang 100mm, hay thilt dien hieu dung cua dng chi cdn khoang 200mm Dl danh gia kha nang luu thdng cua dudmg dng sau rira bing nude theo thiet dien thuy lire ta sir Tuyin tap bao cao Hpi nghj KHCN "30 nam D5u Viet Nam: Cff hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1069 dung chuang trinh tinh toan d chi khdng cbl hai diu dng cho tdn that ap suat la khdng ddi Kit qua tinh toan dugc trinh bay d Hinh Khi tri tdn hao ap suit bom qua doan dng RC-2 -> RP-1 d mirc 20at thi thdi gian diu tien rira dng luu lugng chi dat 2800m^/ng.d (khoang 73mVh dau va 43m^/h nude, tuong duong luu lugng tdng 116mVng.d.) Sau dd, mdt lugmg chat ldng da duge diy khdi dudng dng thi ban kinh thuy lire ciia nd se tang len va nhu vay luu lugmg chat Idng bom cung se gia tang dang kl Khi bl day ldp ling dgng khoang 65mm (sau rira nude), luu lugng bom chit ldng dat 5850mVng.d (tire 73m^/h diu va 170mVh nude, tuong duomg tdng luu lugng 243mVh) cd nghia la phii hgp vdi ket qua ngoai thuc te md 250mVh 7000 ngd 6000 'ioJ 5000 ' r ] ! j J ^""""Ns^ 4000 •o • ; i 1 ^*«^ i o so 3000 Luu! ^ 2000 ._._ 1000 _ _._ _ 50 60 70 80 i i 1 :_ _ _ ^ 90 J 100 110 Chieu day lap ling d^ng, mm Hinh 4: Tn'o^ng quan gifra cong suat bom theo tinh toan voi be day lop lang dong tr ton hao ap suat tren doan RC-2 —> RPl khong doi 20at Tren eo sd cac ket qua md hinh hda doan dudng dng van chuyen dau RC-2 —> RP-1 va ket qua thuc te ngoai md ciing nhu phdng thi nghiem cd the dua mdt sd nhan xet sau: • Khi bom rira dudmg dng bang nude bien ma khdng dimg khai thac dau tren RC-2 vdi cdng suat cue dai cua cac may bom NPS-65/500 se xay cac qua trinh tay rira ldp lang dgng mem hinh dng Ket qua cho thay: sau rira be day ldp lang dgng mem giam di khoang 30 - 32mm, cd nghia la da day chirng 350 - 400m"^ chat ling dgng mem (dau ddng) khdi dudng dng • Bom dinh ky nude bien vao dudng dng khdng the day hoan toan dugc lop ling dgng hinh ben dudng dng dan dau Ldp cac chat lang dgng dng phu thudc vao nhiet nude bien thdi gian rira, tde ciia chat ldng va khoang thdi gian bom rira cd the edn lai la 65-70mm 1070 Van dl van chuyen dau RP-3 va giai phap thy rii^Paraffin dudng dng KET LUAN • Van chuyen dau nhieu paraffin khai thac tai RC-2 vdi luu lugmg 1450t./ng.d qua dudng dng khdng bgc each nhiet RC-2 -^ RP-1 cd dudmg kinh kha ldm 426 X 16mm cho thay: lang dgng cac chat ben dudmg dng la khdng the tranh • Rira dinh ky dudmg dng bang nude bien khdng the day toan bd cac chat lang dgng ben dudng dng nhu cd the tri duge kha nang van hanh ciia dudng dng va nang lire khai thac dau tren RC-2 • D I tang hieu qua rira dudng dng RC-2 —* RP-1 —* UBN-3 bang nude bien can phai tang luu lugng nude bom vao dudmg dng de tang van tde ddng chay dng bang each mic ndi nilp hai may bom SNC-105/294 da cd san tren RP-3 T A I LIEU THAM KHAO Phung Dinh Thue, Ha Van Bich, Tong Canh Son, Le Dinh Hoe, 2003 The problem in transportation of high wax crude oil through submarine pipeline at JV Vietsovpetro oil field, offshore Vietnam Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, June 2003, Vol 42, N° 6, p 15- 18 Phung Dinh Thuc, Ha Van Bich, Tong Canh Son, Le Dinh Hoe, 1999 A new approach to study on thixotropic properties of wax crude oils from Dragon and White Tiger fields, offshore Vietnam SPE-54374, Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition held in Jakarta, Indonesia, 20 - 22 April 1999 Ha Van Bich, Tdng Canh Som, Le Dinh Hde, 2003 Md hinh ldng dgng paraffin "mem " dudng dng van chuyin ddu tgi cdc md ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro Hdi nghi Khoa hgc - Cdng nghe '''Viin Ddu Khi: 25 Ndm xdy dung vd truong thdnh'\NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Ha Ndi, tr 510 - 521 ... trugt Pa 22 152 2,0 1190 35 .0 238 5,7 24 85 1 ,3 789 23. 0 139 3, 5 26 53 0,8 30 9 9.0 71 1,8 28 42 0,4 109 1.1 32 0,7 30 32 75 0.6 28 0,2 T, ddng dac 19-21 24 -25 21 - 23 De nghien ciru chi tilt... theo dudng dng RP- 3 ^ RP- 1 Q day, nhiet trung binh ciia diu sudt 1064 Van dg van chuygn dau RP- 3 va giai phap thy ru ^Paraffin dudng dng_^^ qua trinh van chuyen thap ban nhiet ket tinh paraffin, tire... NPS-65/500 dat tren RP- 3 Ap suat khoang 43 - 44at ddi vdi dau va 50at ddi vdi nude Vi bom ddng thdi diu va nude cho nen ap suat cue dai cua may bom dat tren RP- 3 ed thi tdi 43 - 44at Trong dd, tdn