Tap chi Kboa hpc Tnr&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha PhdnA Khoa hoc Tif nbien Cdng ngbe va Mdi Inr&ng 29(2013/ 83 i Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru''''cfng Dai hgc Can Thci viiebsite sj ctu edu vn THirC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP QUAN[.]
Tap chi Kboa hpc Tnr&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha PhdnA: Khoa hoc Tif nbien Cdng ngbe va Mdi Inr&ng: 29(2013/- 83-i Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'cfng Dai hgc Can Thci viiebsite: sj.ctu.edu.vn THirC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP QUAN LY CHAT THAI RAN NGUY HAI TRONG CANH TAC LUA TREN DIA B A N TINH HAU GIANG BiiiThiNga', Vo Xuan Hiing^ va Nguyin Phan Nhan^ ' Khoa Mdi Trudng vd Tdi nguyen Thiin nhiin, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha ^Hgc vien Cao hge Qudn ly Moi trudng, Tnrdng Dai hgc Cdn Tho ^Nghiin cuu sinh Mdi trudng Ddt vd Nudc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Thdng tin chung: Ngaynhdn: 05/05/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn; 24/12/2013 Title: Present status and solutions for solid wastes managements in rice cultivations in Hau Giang province Tdkhda: Canh tdc Ida, chdt thdi rdn, chdt thai nguy hai qudn ly chdt thdi, thudc bdo vi thuc vdt Keywords: Hazardous M'astes, pesticides, rice cultivation, solid wastes, waste managements ABSTRACT The study was done to assess quanlities of hazardous waste from using pesticides for rice cultivation in the Hau Giang province The hazardous solid M'astesfromrice farming included paper, nylon bags, metal glass and plastic bottles corresponding to 1%, 2%, 23% and 74% accordingly The average solid wastes were removed approximately 12.8 kg.ha''.year', of which 52% was left in the ricefield 30% was recycled and 18% was burnt The model of hazardous waste management at household scale showed that the proportion of waste recycling occupied 53% of total wastes, contributing to reduction of environmental pollutions and enhancing people's awareness on rural environment protecting assignment In order to minimize the hazardous waste quantity, training on effective use of pesticides, the socialization of wastes collection from agriculture and studying on the effective treatment of hazardous solid wastes in the Hau Giang province were recommended TOM TAT Di tdi dugc thuc hiin nhdm ddnh gid luang chdt thdi nguy hai phdt sinh tir viic sir dung thudc bdo ve thuc vdt canh tdc lua tren dia bdn dnh Hdu Giang Kit qua nghiin cdu cho thdy chdt thdi rdn nguy hgi phdt sinh bao gdm gidy chiim 1%; bao nilon 2%; thuy tinh - kim logi 23% vd chai nhi/a 74% Trung binh luong chdt thdi rdn nguy hgi khodng 12,8 kg/ha/ndm; thdi bd quanh rudng chiem 52%, tdi chi dgt 30% vd dot 18% Kel qud xdy dimg md hinh qudn ly chdt thdi quy md hg gia dinh cho thdy ti' li tdi chi dat 53% tdng lugng phdt thdi, md hinh gdp phdn hgn chi nhiim mdi trirdng vd ndng cao y (hue ngudi ddn cdng tdc bdo ve mdi frudng nong thdn De gidm thieu luong chdt thdi rdn phdt sinh cdn thucmg xuyin ldp hudn su difng thuoc ddng phuang phdp; xd hgi hda cdng ldc thu gom vd nghien cuu qui trinh xu ly chat thdi nguy hgi tren dia ban tinh Hgu Giang DAT VAN BE Thuic bdo vl thuc vgt (BVTV) di vi dang dugc sii dyng rpng rai ndng nghiep d nhieu qudc gia frln thi gidi (Hecknian and Friberg 2005; Castillo et al, 2006; Liess et al, 2008; Beketov et al 2009) Viet Nam ciing vol qua frinh tham canh tang vu viec sir dung phan bdn va thudc BVTV cang gia tang vl lilu luong va chiing Tap chl Khoa hgc Tnrang Dai hpc Cdn Tha Phan A - Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Cong ngbe vd Moi tnrang' 29 (2013)- 83-88 logi Theo thdng kl ciia bp Ndng nghiip va Phat friin Ndng thdn cd tdi 800 boat chit thudc BVTV dugc sii dung phd biin gdm thudc frir sau 437 boat chit, thuoc trir benh 304 hoat chdt, thudc trii cd 160 hogt chat, thudc trir cfaupt 11 hogt chit va thuoc dilu hda sinh trudng 49 hogt chit (Bd Tdi nguyen vi Mdi tnrdng, 2011) Riing d Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long (DBSCL), thudc BVTV cung dugc su dung rat da dgng, chO ylu Id thupc cac nhora ldn huTi CO, ciic tdng hgp, conazole, carbamate vd nhdm thudc trir siu sinh hgc (biopesricide) (Pham Van Toan, 2011) Bin canh vin cac hda phira ndng nghiip khdng nhan raac; cic chai Ip bing nhya, thiiy tinh hay kim loai da va dang dugc viit bd khdng dung cdch, dieu dnh hudng nghiem trpng den sire khde cua cpng dong dan cu (WHO, 2004; UNESCO Viet Nara, 2010) Hdu Giang san xuat ndng nghiep chiem ty trpng ldn, di|n tich dat ndng nghiep, cay luong thyc todn linh chiira khoing 95,48% (Nien giim thdng ke, 2010) Do viy, lugng chat thai nguy hgi phit sinh sii dung thudc BVTV rit ldn, nhiin van chua dupe thdng ke cu the de cd bien phap quin ty vi kiem soit d nhilm kip tfadi De tai dugc thyc hiln nhdm dgt dugc cic muc tllu nghien cim: (I) Danh gid thyc frang sii dung vi phat sinh chdt thii ran su dyng thudc BVTV canh tdc Ilia tai rinh Hdu Giang: (2) Xay dyng md hinfa quin \y_ chdt thai rdn quy md hp gia dinh gdp phdn han chl d nhiera radi frudng: (3) Dl xuit biln phap gidm thieu rdc thii boat ddng sdn xudt nong n^iep tai vung nghiin ciiu vi nhung viing khdc cd dilu kiln tuang ty PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUTJ 2.1 Npi dung nghien ciru Xac dinfa hiln frang vi khdi luong chit thai rin phit sinh sii dyng thudc BVTV frong canh tac Ilia tgi rinh Hdu Giang - Xdy dyng mo fainh thyc ngfailm quan Iy chat thai rin phat sinh sii dyng thudc BVTV, dinh gia hieu qua vi khd ndng dp dung ciia md hinh tgi dia phuang - Dl xuat biln phip gidm tfailu chat thai rin phdt sinh sii dung thuic BVTV frln dia ban rinh Hdu Giang 2.2 Phuong pfaip ngfaien cuu - Thu thap thdng tin thu cap tir cac ban nganh CO lien quan cap xi huyen va tinh; Cac bao cao tong kit ve ndng nghiip dupe thu thip tir UBND tinh Hau Giang; Oy ban nhan din huyin va xa; phdng Ndng nghiep cdc huyen va xa; giio frinh, ludn van cao hgc, cdc bai bao frong cac tgp cfai khoa hpc - Phong vin 400 hp din canh tic liia tgi huyen cd diln rich dit ndng nghiip ldn nhdt tinh nhim xdc dinh ngudn phdt sinh chat thdi ran frong sii dyng thudc BVTV - Xac dinfa khdi lupng chit thii rin phdt sinh tir hogt ddng sdn xudt ndng nghiip bang cdch cdn thyc tl lugng vd bao bi, chai Ip thuoc BVTV ciia 30 hd ^t xic dinh trung binh lugng chat thii rin phat sinh nim Diy la ca sd udc tinfa lugng chit thii rdn phat sinh sir dyng thudc BVTV frln dia bdn tinh Hiu Giang Sir dyng thdng kl md la bang phdn mira SPSS 13.0 cd ban quyen de phin tich thyc frang sir dung thuoc BVTV vi dinh gii lugng chat thai phat sinh qua trinh sir dyng thuoc - Xdy dyng md hinh thyc nghiera quan ly chit thai quy md hp gia dinh, nham thu gora, phin loai vi xii ly theo mdt sd hinh thiic dl dp dung tgi dia phuang Dya vao danh muc cdc loai hda chit BVTV cho phep, han che va cdm sii dyng d Viet Nara; cic sach hudng dan sii dung hda chat BVTV vd cdc chi dan frln nhan thudc de Iam ca sd ddnh gid thyc frang sii dung hda chat BVTV KET QUA VA THAO LU^N 3.1 Hiln trang sir dyng thuoc BVTV 3.1.1 Chung logi thudc BVTV Thudc BVTV dugc ndng ddn sir dung kfad da dang cu thi tai huyen Vi Thiiy cd khoang 38 hogt chat vdi 75 tin thuang phim; huyen Phyng Hiep cd 29 hoat chit vdi 59 ten thuang phim; thdp nhat la huyen Long MJ vdi 27 hogt chdt va 43 tin thuang phdm dugc sir dung (Bang 1) Cac loai thuic dugc sur dyng phd biln la Pymetrozine (Chess 50WG), Abamectin (Abakill 1.8 EC) diing diet trir sdu, riy vd nhen cdc loai; Tricyclazole (Filia 525 SE), Isoprothiolane (An FUAN 40EC) dimg ^k phong va trir benh lem lep hgt dao on, bgc Id, thdi ma, ; Pretilachlor (Sofit 300 EC) diing diet trir cac logi cd la rpng, cd lua, cd lac, rau raac rau bg; Metaldehyde (Bolls I2B), diing di diet dc buu vang hai Itia; Lychnis viscaria frong thudc Corneal 150 WP dimg tang cudng sinh trudng, kich thich hoa, dilu boa sinh trudng Cic logi tfaudc it dugc sir dung nhu: Fenobucarb (Jetan 50 EC) Mil riy, Tricyclazole (Window 75WP) trir benh Thudc BVTV dugc sii dung da dgng lam cho sdu benh, cdn tning it co khd ndng khdng thudc Tap chi Kboa hgc Tnrdng Dgi ligc Can Tho Phdn A • Kboa bgc Tu nlnen Cong ngbe vd Mdi tnr&ng: 29 (2013): 83-S Bang 1: So hogt chat va tin tfamnig phdm thuic BVTV dirge sir dung Long Vi Phung Hiep My Thiiy 29 27 38 Sd boat chat 59 43 75 Tin thinmg pfa^ni dung d Viet Nam ciia Bg Ndng nghiep vd Phdt friln Ndng thdn (2011) co loai thuoc khdng c6 ten danh myc dugc phep sir dyng li BASSAN 50 EC die tri ray ndu hgi Itia va Boom Flower-n kich thich tang frudng 3.1.2 Tdn sudt sudung thudc BVTV Cdc logi thudc trir sdu dugc su dung nhieu nhat Ndng dan cfao bilt khdng cd sir dung tfaudc khoang 39,2%, thudc trir binh 28 %; frir cd 22,7%; cim, thuoc ngodi danh muc, nhiin ddi frir 6c 7% va thudc dudng 3,1% chiiu vdi danfa muc thudc BVTV dugc phep sii Bang 2: So lan sir dung thudc BVTV va ty II % cac logi thuic sir dung « X Huyfn diing Vi Thiiy Phung Hiep Long My Trung binh 15±2 Mil 17±3 15±2 Trir sSu/rav 40,3 40,7 36,9 39,2 Sd Ian thudc BVTV dugc sir dyng thudc BVTV tgi Vi Thiiy trung binh 15 lin/nira dao ddng frong khoang 12-23 lan; d huy|n Phung Hiep thuoc BVTV dugc sir dyng trung binh 14 lan/nam (dao dpng 12 - 20 Idn/nim) Huyen Long MJ, frung binh mdi nam ngudi ddn sir dung thudc BVTV 17 lan cao nhat giira cdc huyen, dao ddng tir 1324 lan/nam 3.1.3 Lieu lugng sic dung Kit qua frinh bay Bdng cho thdy co 47,3% ndng dan sii dung thudc BVTV diing theo lieu chi din, 52,7% sir dyng cao han lilu chi dan, khong CO hp nio su dun| thuoc it hon liiu chi ddn Ty le sd hp su dyng thudc vdi lilu cao faon hudng dantiidpnfadt la Phung hiep 41,8%, Vi Thuy 44,2% va cao nhit la Long My 61,1% Ngudi din thudng sii dung thudc BVTV cao hon lilu hudng din vi cho ring phun thuoc lilu cao failu qua frir sau benh Tv l | % thuoc sir dung Trir Trir b^nh CO 26,5 22,0 28.0 22,4 29,7 23,7 28,0 22,7 Trir Oc 7,8 5.4 7,4 7,0 Kich thich 3,4 3,4 2,4 3,1 Bang 3: Ho dan tudn tha hudng dan lieu lirgng sir dung tfaudc BVTV tgi Hga Giang So hp ap Vi Phyng Long Trung Thiiy Hiep binh My Biing huong dan Cao bon huong dan 3.1.4 Luong chdt thdi rdn phdt sinh sir dung thudc BWV Kit qua can khdi lupng thyc ti chat thii rin phat sinh sau su dung thuic BVTV fren 42.66 Ilia tai 30 hp dan thu dugc 546,5 kg, frorig dd: cao nhit Ii chit thai bdng nhya 414.4 kg chiim 75,8% ki din la chit thai bang thiiy tinh va kirn loai 119,4 kg chiim 21,9%; bao nilon 9,5 kg chilni 1,7% vi cuii cimg Ii chit thai giay 3,2 kg chilm 0,6% Bang 4: Thuc trang quan ly chat thai phat sinfa sir dung thudc BVTV Ty II % cfaat thai Thiiy tinfa - kim loai Nfaya Bao nilon Giiy 45,2 38,2 34,7 28,5 27,1 Bo tai rapng 10.4 9.9 10,9 9.2 14,3 Viit quanh nha 6,2 6,5 7.0 6,0 5.1 Vutdkenh rgch 29,8 8.9 8.5 48,6 53,1 Bdn ve chai 29.0 36,5 18,4 0.5 7,7 B6t 100 100 100 100 TSng ^ _ too dp ben ly hpc khong cao khong phu hgp cho chiia Hiln hiu hit chai Ip dyng thudc BVTV deu thuoc dgng long Id chai nhya bdi vi chi phi sin xuit thdp; dp ben vat ly cao; chiia dugc nhilu dang thudc khac vi Khao sat cho thiy trung binh cd khoang 12.8 kg van chuyin dl dang Cdc chai Ip khic nhu thiiy chat thai phit sinh trin mot canh tac Iiia vdi loai tinh cd khoi lugng Idn va de vd, giay va bao nilon chit thai la chai nhya, thiiy tinh \ a kim logi chiem Hinh thirc quan ly chat thai - Tgp chi Khoa bgc Tnrang Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hoc Tu nhien, Cong nghf vd Mdi tru&ng-29i2013r''3-^ 2' da si 97,7% Thyc tl diy Ii logi chdt tfadi cdn dugc thu gom vi quan ly phii hgp bdng nfaieu bien phap kfadc Kit qui trinh ba\' frong Bang cho thdy ngudi din viit bd vd cfaai trung binfa chilm khodng 51.8% (34.7% tgi rudnp 10.9% quanh nfai, 6.2% xudng kinh rgch) kl din la bin ve chai 29,8%> vi ddt 18,4% 3.2 Xay dung mdfainhqaan ty cfaat thai ran 3.2.1 Phuang phdp xdy dung md binh Theo y kiin ciiafadndng ddn vd co quan quan ly nhd nudc tgi dia pfaucmg ciing de nghj rad hinh thu gom vi xii ly tai hd gia dinh; ngudi ddn ddng thuan kha cao frong vile xay dyng rad hinfa tfau gom chit thai cao nhdt Id Long My 98.1% ke din Phyng Hiep 76,1% vd Vi Thuy 65,l%i; ngudi dan cfao rang diy Ii loai cfaat thai dpe hai cd tfal anfa hudng den sire khoe Xay dyng rad hinfa tfau gora bao bi chira thudc dugc tiln hanh theo cic budc: Budc 1: Chon ddi tugng tham gia Theo di xudt cua Hdi Ndng dan, chpn 10fadcd sdn xuat on djnh vi ty nguyen tham gia md hinfa Budc 2: Bd tri md hinh thu gom chdt thdi H6 frg kinfa phi cho mdi ndng hd khodng 100.000 ddng dl ddng cae thiing chiia, thiing cbiia chat tfadi phdi kin cd nap dgy; dung tich thimg kfadng qua ldn trdnh cfaiim diln ticfa vi mit thim my Budc 3: Qudn ly chat thdi Tat ci chai thuoc BVTV sau sii dung xong dugc sue nia tai rupng \"a de khd sau cho vio thiing ed Idt bao nilon, thiing diy thi bupt bao nilon vi dl xa lira tay fre em Vdo cudi vy tien hanh thu mua toan bp lugng chat thai dugc hd tfau gora de tang tdi da kha ning tai sii dung chit thii Vile siic rira chai Ip thuoc BVTV tgi rupng co y nghia rat Idn frong viec ngin ngiia phit lin nhiera thdi quen thai chai Ip thudc BVTV xudng kinh tai rupng 3.2 Hmh thuc thu gom chdt thdi phdi sinh su dung thudc BVTV Khao sat y kiln ngudi ddn ve hinfa thiic thu gora chat thii cho thdy frong sd cae fad quan tira din md fainh thu gora chit thii thudc BVTV cd 59% y kiln cho rang can nfai nudc bd tri pfauong tien tfau gom lgi nhi vi van chuyin den noi tap trung ngugc lai 41% sdn sang thu gom va ty chuyen den noi tap trung DXhaniMbatro Hinh 1: Hinh thirc tha gom cbdt thai thuoc BVTV 3.2.3 Kit qud dgt dirge Sau kfai dp dun^ md hinfa tgi fag gia dinfa da ndng ty 11 tai che chat thdi tir 29,8%> lln 52,8% gdp phin rdt Idn vio viec cai tfailn chit lugng mdi trudng ndng thdn nai md hdu het cic logi cfadt thai phit sinh rii vile su dung tfaudc BVTV khdng dugc thu gom vi xir ly Trudc xa\' dyng mdfainhdiu gom chat tfadi tai hg gia dinh bao bi cfaiia tfaudc sau kfai sii dung dugc thai bo true tilp tai bd rupng, kenfa rgcfa, vudn c i \ : sau kfai xiy dimg md fainfa, CO bdn kfadng cdn cfadt thii tfaudc BVTV viit bira bdi Theo nhan dinfa ciia co quan qudn ly nfad nudc md hinfa tfau gom chit thdi khdng chi ^iiip tang thu nhap ma quan frpng han da gdp phin ndng cao nhan thiic ngudi ddn frong cdn^ tic bio ve mdi trudng Vile nia chai chiia tfaudc BVTV vd binh phun tai rudng ciing cd y nghTa rdt Idn frong hgn chl d nhiem cho ngudn nudc mil tgi dia phuong Khdng nhung the ngudi ddn cdn bill each sir dung thudc BVTV mdt cicfa hieu qud hon (tfaeo dung) da gdp phin gidm cfai pfai ddu tu vd tdng nang sudt ciy frdng Cu diem cua md hinh Tinh Hgu Giang chua tfal tfau gom va xii ly chat thdi ddcfagindi cfaung va cfaai Ip thuoc BVTV ndi riing Viec xdy dung dugc md hinfa thu gom chdt th^ tai hd gia dinh gdp pfain ban chl d nhiera mdi trudng va cdi tfailn thu nfadp cho ngudi ddn Phuang phdp xay dyng rad hinh don gidn, dl thuc hiln nin sl khdng kfad kfaan nhan rdng md hinh cfao cdc dia pfauong kfadc frong hodc ngodi tinh Ngodi ra, mo fainh cdn dugc sy iing fad cdc cdp chinfa quyln dia pfauong vd ddng tfaudn cua ngudi ddn Md hinfa dugc iing dyng rdng rdi se ndng cao t\11 tdi che chat thdi gdp phdn ddng ki bdo vl mdi inrdng ndng tfadn va nang cao \ thiic bdo ve mdi Tap chi Khoa hpc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A - Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Cong ngbe vd Moi inrang: 29 (2013/ 83-S frudng ciia ngudi dan die bilt cdnh quan mdi trudng ndng tfadn da duoc cai thien Khuyit diem cua md hinh Chua xii ly dugc friet de chat thai dac biet la chat tfaai bdng kun loai va thuy tinfa khong thi xir ly bdng phuong phap dot hodc chdn lip vi se giy d nhilm mdi trudng ddt, nudc va kfadng 3.3 Giai pfadp giam thilu 31 Gidi phdp ddi hgn Tuyln truyin, v^n ddng vd cd biln phap hiiu qui giiip nguoi din thay ddi thdi quen viit bd cfaai Ip thudc BVTV va siic riia binh phun d kinh, rach Bp Ndng nghiep vi Phdt friln Ndng tfadn, Bd Cdng Thuong, Bo Tai nguyen vd Mdi trudng can thong nhdt tdng cudng vile quan 1^, cung iing, bio qudn, kinh doanh vi sir dung thudc BVTV tir cdp Trung uong tdi dia phuong Ddc bill xii ly nghiem khic vdi cdc trudng hgp cdn mua ban vd sii dung cac logi thuic ngoai danh rauc Xa hpi hoa cdng tic thu gom vd xii ly chit thai rdn hoat dpng ndng nghiep vdi sy thara gia ciia nfaa nudc, doanh nghiip va ngudi dan Nghiin ciiu xay dyng he thdng thu gora vi tii chl chit thai rdn ddc hgifrongndng nghiip 3,3.2 Gidi phdp ngdn hgn Xiy dyng md hinh thu gom vd phdn logi chat thai tgi hp gia dinh Diy manh cdng tac thu mua va tai chi thich hpp Tgp hudn IPM rpng rai cho ndng dan dia phuong vdi ndi dung da dang &e ndng cao frinh dp cho ndng dan nhdm san xuit dat hieu qui cao nhat (giam chi phi, ting Igi nhudn) Tuyln fruyin gido due nhan dan vl miic dp doc hai ciia thuoc va du lugng cua nd frln ndng phira, tir hudng ndng dan din sii dung thudc BVTV cho phii hgp Khuyin cio ndng din sii dung thudc it doc va dl phin hOy dac biet cdc loai thudc cd ngudn gdc sinh hpc nham han chl d nhiem mdi frudng va bdo v | siic khoe cdng dong cu dan viing sin xudt Ilia KET LUAN VA BE XUAT 4.1 Kit lugn Trin dia bin tinh Hiu Giang, tfaudc BVTV dygc sii dung da dang gora cd 39 hoat chdt \ai 83 lln thuong pham ty 11 sir dung thudc ngodi danh muc la 3% Ngudi din sii dyng thudc th^eo lieu chi dan khodng 47,3% va caofaonHiu chi din khoang 52,7% Chat thii ran phat sinh sii dung thudc BVTV duge phin loai thdnh nhom chinh bao gdra giiy chiim ri Ie it nfadt khoang 1%; bao nilon 2%; thuy tinfa-ldra loai 23% va chai nhya 74% Lupng chit thai rdn phat sinh sii dyng thudc BVTV kfaoang 12,8 kg/ha/nira; frong thai moi trudng Ii 52%, thu gom - tai chi dat 30% va ddt khodng 18% Thdi quen sti dung ngudn nudc song, kenh rgch riia binh phun can dugc thay thi bing viec nia tgi rupng nham han chl thip nfait nfaiem moi frudng Ket qud xiy dyng md fainh thu gom chdt thai quy md hp gia dinh tai huyin Vi Thiiy tuih Hiu Giang cho thiy, ty 11 thu gora - tai chi chit thii sii dyng thuoc BVTV len din 53% tdng lugng phit thai; cdc chai chiia thudc dugc rira tgi rupng trudc dugc thu gora Hiln tugng viit bd bira bai chai chtia thudc tren song, rach di dugc han cfai Md hinh gdp phan cii thien thu nhap vi y thiic bio vl moi frudng tgi cho vi lan can Phuang phip xiy dyng md hinh don gian, dl thyc hiln, dupe sy dong thugn cua ngudi dan va ung hp ciia chinh quyen dia phuang 4.2 Bi xuit Can tap hudn vd tuyen fruyin cho ndng dan each quin ly chat thii rdn phat sinh nhdra giim thilu cac rui ro sir dyng thudc; cd chinfa sich hd frg ndng dan thu gom, phdn loai chat thai tgi ngudn gdp phan hgn che d nhiera mdi trudng Tuyln truyin vgn dong ngucri din thay ddi thdi quen viit bd chai Ip thudc BVTV va siic nia binh phun d kenh, rgch TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Beketov, M.A., K Foit, R.B Schafer, CA Schriever, A Sacchi, E.Capri, J Biggs, C.Wells, M.Liess, 2009 SPEAR indicates pesticide effects in streams-Comparative use of species — family — level bioraonitoring data Environmental pollution Voll57 1841-1848 Bp Nong nghiep vd Phat frien Ndng tfadn, 2011 Danh muc thudc bio ve thyc vat dugc phep sir dung d Viet Nam Thdng tu sd 36/2011/TT-BNNPTNT ngdy 20 thdng 05 ndm 2011 Bp Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng 2011 Tuih hinh nhap khau va sti dyng thudc bio ve Tgp chi Kboa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A Kboa hpc Tu nhien Cdng nghi vd Moi iruang 29 (2013/ 83-S8 thyc vdt d Viet Nam Bd Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trudngonline [15/06/2013] http-//vea-gov.vn/VN/truyentliong/tapchimt/ cccs/Pages/Tinhhinhnhapkhduvdsudunphu dcbdovethucvgtdVielNam.aspx Castillo, L.E., Martinez, E., Ruepert, C , Savage, C Gilek, M., Pinnock, M., Soils, E., 2006 Water qualily and macroinvertebrate community response following pesricide applicarions in a banana plantation, Limon, Costa Rica Science of the Total Environment, vol 367, 418-432 Heckraann L.H., and Friberg N., 2005 Macroinvertebrate community response to pulse exposure with the insecticide Lambda - Cyhalothrin using in sfream mesocosms Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol 24, No 3, 582-590 LiessM.,RalfB Schafer and Carola A Schriever, 2008 The footprint of pesticide sfress in communiries - species fraits reveal community effects of to.xicants Science of the total environment, vol 406, 484 - 490 Nilngidmtfadngkl, 2010 Niin Gidm Thing Ke 2010fr'nhHiu Giang Nhi xudt bin Thdng Kl Phara Van Toan, 2011 Pesticide use and raanageraent in the Mekong Delta and their residues in surface and drinking water Dissertation Institute for Environment and Human Security United Nations University in Bom, pp 202 10 UNESCO ViitNam 2010 UNDPfadfrg Viet Nara xii lyfadachdt BVTV hiiu co ldn luu (POP) UNESCO 11 WHO, 2004 Preventing Health Risks from tfae Use of Pesticides in Agriculture Worid Heallfa Organization ... 2010) Hdu Giang san xuat ndng nghiep chiem ty trpng ldn, di|n tich dat ndng nghiep, cay luong thyc todn linh chiira khoing 95,48% (Nien giim thdng ke, 2010) Do viy, lugng chat thai nguy hgi phit... cim: (I) Danh gid thyc frang sii dung vi phat sinh chdt thii ran su dyng thudc BVTV canh tdc Ilia tai rinh Hdu Giang: (2) Xay dyng md hinfa quin \y_ chdt thai rdn quy md hp gia dinh gdp phdn han... Xac dinfa hiln frang vi khdi luong chit thai rin phit sinh sii dyng thudc BVTV frong canh tac Ilia tgi rinh Hdu Giang - Xdy dyng mo fainh thyc ngfailm quan Iy chat thai rin phat sinh sii dyng thudc