GIAO DUC NUrbC N G O A I W 9 DOI NET VE DAO TAO NGHE 0 AUSTRALIA O TS N G U Y E N V A N D E * TS TRfNH QUOC IJ^P" 1 Vdi net tdng quan PTTH, cdc khda hgc nghi phdt triln song song vd NIn gido dye ciio[.]
G I A O DUC NUrbC N G O A I W DOI NET VE DAO TAO NGHE AUSTRALIA O TS N G U Y E N V A N D E * Vdi net tdng quan NIn gido dye ciio Australia cd uy tin qud'c t l vi chd't lugng ddo tgo (DT) cao, phuong thiic DT da dgng vd co hdi chgn lua Id trinh hgc tdp ddnh cho ngudi hgc rdng md Sinh vien (SV) td't nghiep tli ede ngdnh nghe DT tgi Australia h'nh hgi nhung kiln thiic cdp nhdt, cd khd ndng nghien ciiu khoa hgc td't, cd kT ndng ldm viec ehuyen nghiep vd «hgc tdp sudt ddi" ddp iing tdt nhu edu ciio nhd tuyln dyng Chuong trinh gido dye phd thdng cuo Australia keo ddi 13 ndm, odt ddu tu Idp mdu gido vd tilp theo 12 ndm tilu hge vd trung hge Khi td't nghiep Idp 12, HS s§ thi Id'y chiing chf td't nghiep phd thdng trung hgc (PTTH) Chung chf ndy duge rd't nhieu trudng dgi hgc (DH) d nudc ngodi chd'p nhdn ngudi hgc nop don xin theo hgc Cdng tdc ddo tgo nghe (DTN) cuo Australia dugc thuc hien vdi mgt Id trinh khoo hge vd tien tiln DTN giu mdt vol trd quan trgng phdt triln kinh te cua dd't nudc thdng qua viec ndng coo chd't lugng ngudn nhdn lue, toy nghi cua ngudi loo dgng, ddng gdp vdo su cdi filn ndng sudt loo ddng - vdi mdt so ngdnh fieu bilu nhu: ldm bdnh, ndu dn, y td, thg co khi, det may, may mde, kinh doanh, kitodn, qudng bd thuong hieu, qudng cdo, thilt ke thdi trong, nghe thudt, qudn li khdeh sgn, bdn hdng sieu thj, edng nghe thdng fin, mdi hvdng, dm sii, nudi dgy tre, vdn tdi hdng khdng, dien, f ien hi, qudn li du Ijch, fiuyln hinh, dm thonh, TS TRfNH QUOC IJ^P" PTTH, cdc khda hgc nghi phdt triln song song vd «lien thdng" vdi he gido due phd thdng, hgc thudt h> Idp 10 d i n ndm thii hoi bgc DH HS ed t h i ehuyin ddi linh hogt giiia he ndy Gdn ddy, cdcfi-udngDH eua Australia cung md cde ehuong fi-inh DTN eho ngudi hge mang hge vj cii nhdn, thge sT vd tien sT 2.1 Cdc ca sa DTN a) Cde trudng CD edng lap (Technical and Further Educofion - TAPE - tgm djch Id «DTN sou hgc") TAFE institutes/colleges Id ten ggi ddnh rieng cdc trudng CD nghi cdng ldp (dl phdn biet vdi ede trudng CDN tu thyc) Australia cd d3 trudng TAFE (do chinh phu cde filu bong vd vung Idnh thd tdi trg, qudn li) md ede khdo DTN sou bde PTTH, tdp trung vdo viec hudng nghiep vd thuc hdnh nhilu hon so vdi cdc chuong trinh DH Australia cd nhung trudng TAFE rdt Idn vdi so lugng ngudi hge ddng ki eao hon nhilu trudng DH khde (hon 50.000 SV), hdu hit tgp trung d cdc thdnh phd'Idn nhu Sydney, Melbourne, ben cgnh mgt so co sd h-udng ndm fi-ong khu kT nghe vd edng ddng ddn cu Co sd vgt chd't vd thilt bj tgi ede hojdng ndy gid'ng nhu d cdc DH Cdc trudng TAFE hgp tdc chgt che vdi trudng DH cuo Australia viec DT vd lien thdng bdng cdp b) Cde tudng CDN tu thuc (thude hiep hdi cdc eo sd DT hr thyc cuo Ausfiolio Tgi Australia, cd hdng ngdn trudng CDN tu thyc eung ed'p cdc khdo hgc nghe, vdi quy md rdt dgng-hi nhung hudng ndng nghiep, thii y, xd hgi edng ddng, nhd chi cd nhung khdo hgc chuyen biet h-ong mgt Aush-olia cung rdt nhgy bin vdi viec tilp nhdn Imh vyc ndo dd din cdc hvdng Idn nhu TAFE Ngodi vd sii dyng cde kT thudt hien dgi, edng nghe eao ra, cung cd mdt so cdc trudng md cdc ehuong GD-DT vdi \i le hvy cdp Internet eao nhdt t h i fiinh DH thdng qua cdc DH md hg lien kit, hogc gidi Cdc CO sd gido dye cuo qude gio ndy cd nhiing ddi Id chuong trinh cua ehfnh hg phuong fien gidng dgy, OT vd nghien ciiu rd't hien e) Su lien thdng giira he phd thdng vd DTN dgi, dugc xIp hdng ddu t h i gidi (nhu cde phdng thf Hon 95% cdc trudng phd thdng tgi Australia ed nghiem md phdng, ede Idp hgc vd thu vien dugc cdc khda hgc nghe cho HS bgc THPT (Idp 11, fiang bj thilt bj phye vy'cho viee DT ngudn nhdn lyc 12) Dilu ndy cho phep HS phd thdng vua hgc ldm viec frong nin edng nghe tien tien) de Id'y Chung ehi tdt nghiep THPT (Senior DTN tai Australia Secondary Certificate), vua cd the dugc bj Tgi Australia, cdc khdo hge nghi duge dgy tgi cdc trudng cao dang nghe (CDN) (TAFE * Tnrdng Oai Itpc Bong Thap colleges), CD tu thyc vd PTTH Rieng tgi cde trudng ** Tnrdng Bai lioc Can Tho Tap ehi Giao dye s6 cki i »/aoin nhung kiln thiic, kT ndng thue t l nghi nghiep d l fid thdnh mgt thuc tdp sinh, mgt ngudi dd di ldm bdng cdch tham gio cde ehuong trinh hudng nghiep vd hgc nghi Khi hoc xong Tdp 10, HS cd hoi lua ehgn: hogc hge filp len Idp 11 vd 12; hode chuyin sang ede khda hge nghe (vocational/work traininjg programs) Ki fiinh thdp nhd't Id Certificate I den Certificate III, fijy theo khd ndng ciia ngudi hgc Hit Idp 1 , HS cd thi chgn: hogc hgc khda cobdn (foundofion courses) vdi ndm d l hgc du bj DH hode vdo khda hge nqhe bde 4{Cert\hcate IV) Hit Idp 12, HS ed nhiluluo ehgn hon: hogc chuong frinh CO bdn du bj DH (1 ndm) hoy khdo hge nghe bgc nhu fren Ngodi ra, vdi HS ed ndng luc hgc tdp khd gidi cdn cd cde lua chgn khdc nhu: vdo thdng ndm thii nhdt DH nlu dugc xet hiyen chdp nhdn; hode theo khdo hgc nghi trinh Diploma CdefrudngCD (gdm trudng TAFE vd frudng CDN hr thyc) Id noi DT chfnh eua he hge nghi, vdi nhilu khdo hgc da dgng: filng Anh, hge nghi, du bi DH (thdm chf ed mgt sd khdo DH trinh eii nhdn) Ddi vdi he hgc nghi tgi frudng CD, sou hodn tdt khdo Diploma, SV ed thi chuyin filp len ndm thii hoi eua mdt trudng DH cd cdng nhdn khdo hge Diploma dd Tuong h/ nhu vdy, SV CON hodn td't khda Advanced Diploma se chuyin filp len ndm thii bo d O H Cdc khdo hgc nghe cdn phdt triln d trinh sau DH vdi cdc chung chi nghe sau DH (Vocafionol Graduate Certificate) vd bdng Diploma nghe sau £)W (VocoHonal Graduate Diploma) Do tfnh chd't lien thdng len DH d l ddng hi ede khdo hgc nghi trinh Diploma vd Advanced Diploma, Igi cd sdn cdc trung tdm Anh ngu vd cde khda hge du bj DH nen cdc trudng TAFE eiia Australia Id mdt budc di thudn Igi giup SV bdn xii vd qude t l hgc tilp tgi cdc trudng DH, hg chua chudn bj td't hogc chua dii chudn ae cgnh tranh dugc true tilp vdo hgc d DH Ddi tugng hge nghi d Australia rd't dgng, gdm: SV bdn xii hay nude ngodi, HS phd thdng mudn trang bj nhCrng kT ndng nghi nghiep (de di ldm) hodc theo hge ede khda hgc nghi (thi vdo DH), ngudi dd td't nghiep DH dang di ldm nhung mudn phdt triln kT ndng nghi nghiep eiia minh hogc hge them mdt nghe mdi 2.2 Cdc chung chi vd bSng ed'p nghe: logi, hi thd'p d i n coo nhu sau (xem bang 1) DTN tgi Australia: Hgc di ddi vdi hdnh Cdc CO sd gido dye vd OTN (VET) eiia AusfrcHio tgo nhilu eo hdi cho SV ren luyen kT ndng nhung mdi trudng thuc t l vd md phdng Thue tiln ndy giiip SV ed loi t h i rdt nhieu frong viec dugc tuyen dyng vd phdt friln nghi nghiep Hg Tap ehi Giao due so (ki i - 9/aoii) fidngf / Binq cap/ChCmq chi Certificate (ChCfnq chJ nqhl bac 1) Certificate II & III (ChCmq chi nqh§ bac II & III) Certificate IV (Chimg chi nghe bac IV) Diploma (Bing Diploma ngh§) Thdi qian hoc - thang - thang nam 1-2 nam Advanced Diploma (Bang Diploma ngh4 nanq cao) Vocational Graduate Certificate (Chimg chi nghi sau OH) Vocational Graduate Diploma (Bang Diploma nghi sau BH) - 2,5 nam thang 1-1,5 nam cd thi theo hge nhilu ehuyen ngdnh dgng khdc nhou boo gdm: qudn trj kinh doonh, khoo hgc vd edng ngrie, thiet k l vd nghe thudt, truyen thdng, thi thao vd gidi frf, djeh vy cdng ddng vd y te, du Ijch vd chieu ddi, kT thudt vd xdy dung, thilt k l cdnh quan, qudn li ddt doi vd Anh ngCr Nhiing ehuong trinh nghi dugc OT tgi ede Trudng CD vd Criuyen nghiep, trudng tu thyc, frudng phd thdng vd DH Cdc ngdnh edng nghiep vd ehinh phu lien kit vdi dexdy dung ngi dung DT, sou dd triln khai theo cde ehuong trinh DT duge edng nhdn fren todn qud'c Oilu ndy eho phep SV dp dyng kiln thiic dugc iTnh hdi Idp hge, ngodi xd hdi chfnh tii thuc t l edng viee cuo hg Hoy ndi cdch khdc, ho dugc hgc qua thue hdnh nhilu hon Id chi don thudn hi sdeh vd Ngodi ra, ngudi hgc cd thi tdn dyng thdi gion DT tgi cdc frudng CDN nhu Id mgt cdch thiic ehuyin tilp len bde DH Tuy thude vdo bdng cdp Clio ngudi hge, ede trudng DH ed the cung cdp tin ehi eho hg d l Idy mdt vdn bdng DH Phuong thuc ndy dem d i n eho ngudi hge nhung kl ndng thue t l Idn If thuylt hge duge hi vdn bdng OH SV qude t l hge tgi Ausfrolio se ed hoi tdm bdng dugc edng nhdn tren todn t h i gidi - mgt Igi the mgnh so vdi ede SV tdt nghiep d cdc nudc khdc Ddm bdo chdt lugng OTN tai Ausfrallo Khung chuong trinh DT cap qude gia (The NafionalTraining Framework) duge su phe duyet Clio frung uong vd ede tilu bong, viing Idnh thd cuo Ausfralia vd thue hien mgt cdch ddng bg frong ed nude Ody chfnh Id co sd de kilm djnh, ddm bdo chd't lugng he thdng OTN Chudn ddnh gid chd't lugng DTN eua Australia (The Ausfralion Quality Training Framework AQTF) gdm hai bg ehudn: mdt bd ddnh cho cdc CO quon ddng kilm chuong hinh OTN edip fieu bang vd vung Idnh thd vd mgt bd chudn ddnh cho cdc CO sd OTN Co sd OT ndo mudn md cdc khdo OTN phdi hodn tot thu hjc dugc xdc nhgn dd ddng kf hdnh nghi (Registered Training (Xem Hep trang 57} 1) Ndng coo nhdn thiic ddi ngu GV vd cdn bd qudn li: - Cdn dua hgc tdp chinh frj ciio edn bd, GV trd thdnh n i n n i p nhu cde hogt dgng chuyen mdn, nhdm ndng coo nhdn thiic cdng ddn vd trdch nhiem cuo edn b d vien ehiie; Td ehiie, chi dgo thyc hien cdc cudc vdn dgng cuo ngdnh 2) Tuyln chgn dgi ngu G V ddp iing dugc yeu edu gidng dgy: Tuyln chgn dgi ngu Id cdng viee quan trgng, tgo t i l n d l eho viec b d tri sii dyng dgi ngu hgp li vd hieu qud Viee h j y i n chgn phdi dyo tren ndi dung cdng viec vd tieu ehudn nghiep vy kT ndng cdn thilt Cdn phdi xdy dung co e h i hiyin dyng, hudng tdi hodn thien cde tieu ehi hjyIn ehgn vd xdy dung quy trinh td chiie hjyIn chgn 5) Tgo ddng luc, kieh thieh su hiing thii hogt dgng frong dgi ngu GV Cd t h i xdy dung vd thuc hien chinh sdeh thu hut ddi vdi ngudi cd ndng luc ddc biet Thyc hien c h i h i n luong, phy cdp nhu: ndng luong frudc thdi hgn, phy cdp ddi vdi mgt sd cdng viec khd khdn; Cdi t i l n cdng tdc thi dua khen thudng Cdc bien phdp tren lien quan chgt che mdt thilt, ehi phdi vd tdc dgng Idn Mdi bien phdp deu hudng vdo mye tieu xdy dung dgi ngu GV trudng CD ddp iing dugc sii menh vd nhiem vy DT mdi: DT dgi ngu ngudn nhdn lue ed trinh trung cdp, CD tren ede iTnh vue: vdn hod, t h i thao vd du lich theo djnh hudng phdt triln nhd 3) Thudng xuyen OT, bdi dudng dgi ngu GV, trudng h/ong lai • lyo ehgn phuong thiic DT, bdi dudng phu hgp vdi ddi hrgng, dieu kien hogt dgng cuo nhd frudng vd ngudn luc ddp iing Chij trgng hinh thiic DT, Tai lieu tham khao Dang COng san Viet Nam VSn kien Dai hdi Dang bdi dudng thdng quo hogt dgng gidng dgy, toan quoc Ian thii-X NXB Chinh tri qude gia, H 2006 NCKH vd tu hgc tgi trudng, mdi chuyen gia d i n 2.Nguygn Quft'c Chi - Nguygn Thj My LOc Li luan gidng dgy tgi trudng Bdng hinh thiie dy tdng ti dai cuong ve quan if Trucmg can bO quan If giao due le GV dugc thudng xuyen DT, bdi dudng hdng vJidko tao TWl.H 1996 ndm theo ehilu luy h i n NguySn Minh Duang BSi duang vd ddo tao ddi 4) Sii dyng ddi ngu: Ddy Id bien phdp quon ngu nhdn luc diiu kiin mdi (Chuong trinh khoa trgng cdng tdc qudn li dgi ngu Cdn sdp hpc c6ng nghe c^p nhk nuac KX07-14), Hh N6i 1996 x I p , b d tri vd phdn cdng loo dgng hgp li Cdn bd qudn li b i l t phdt hien dung ndng lue, phdm SUIVIMARY ehdt cuo ngudi GV de gioo cdng viec phu hgp; The article mentions the issue of developing cdi h i n cdng tdc ddnh gid cdn bd GV de thdy rd ndng lyc, trinh do, k i t qud cdng tdc, phdm ehdt lecturers in a typical type of school - human dgo diie, ldm cdn cii de bd tri, sii dyng, bd nhiem, resource training in the field of culture, art, and tourism, from the perspective of education d l bgt, DT, bdi dudng vd thuc hien cdc c h i meeting management, with an aim to chfnh sdeh development demand of schools and social need Ddi net ve dao tao (Tiip theo trang d5) Organisahon - RTO) vd eung ed'p minh chung Id CO sd tudn thu theo Chudn ddnh gid chdt lugng DTN cuo Australia (AQTF) • Tai li^u tham khao Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade About Australia, Our System of Education Available at, 2008 Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations Developing Innovation Skills: A Guide for Trainers and Assessors to Forster the Innovation Skills of Learners through Professional Practice Commonwwealth of Australia, 2009 National Quality Council Final Report: Investigation Tap elii Giao due s6 (ki i »/2oii) into Industy Expectations of Vocational Education and Training Assessment Avaiable at, http:// www.training.com.au/documents/ NOC VIET Assessment Report.pdf 2008 National Quality Council Publicly Available General Assessment Framework Available at http:// www.nqc.tvetaustralia.com.au/nqc publications 2011 Quality Assurance in VET Available at http:// www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/en/Coures/Vocational/OualityAussrance/Duality-assurance Retrieved, July 27,2011 SUI^MARY The article aims to give general introduction of the Australia's vocational training models simultaneously to point out the methods of managing vocational frainging quality to meet the requirements for the Australia's socio-economical development # ... thu theo Chudn ddnh gid chdt lugng DTN cuo Australia (AQTF) • Tai li^u tham khao Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade About Australia, Our System of Education Available... Assessment Framework Available at http:// www.nqc.tvetaustralia.com.au/nqc publications 2011 Quality Assurance in VET Available at http:// www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/en/Coures/Vocational/OualityAussrance/Duality-assurance... introduction of the Australia'' s vocational training models simultaneously to point out the methods of managing vocational frainging quality to meet the requirements for the Australia'' s socio-economical