1 1 tuAN oiAo BMC • pyr H^C TIEP CAN LEAN TRONG GIAO DUC O TS TA Q U A N G TUAN" 1 Cd nhieu cdch tiep edn Idide nhau, dudi nhieu gdc do khde nhau d l ndng cao hieu qud vd chdt lugng gido due (GD) nhu[.]
1.1 tuAN oiAo BMC • pyr H^C TIEP CAN LEAN TRONG GIAO DUC O Cd nhieu cdch tiep edn Idide nhau, dudi nhieu gdc khde d l ndng cao hieu qud vd chdt lugng gido due (GD) nhu qudn l i , hogt dgng gidng dgy, mdi trudng G D Cdc cdch tiep ecin ndy thudng dya tren co sd edn bdn nhu li thuylt chuc ndng, li thuylt he thd'ng, nen deu cd nhung uu Hie nhdt dinh, mdt mdt phdt huy dung chuc ndng cOa thdnh t d he thdng G D ; mdt khde, nhin nhdn vd'n de mdi quan he tdng t h i giua cdc thdnh to' d d Tuy nhien, tiep cdn ndy van mang lgi nhung hdu qud khdng chu djnh qud trinh hoqt ddng eua he thd'ng md nguyen nhdn Iqi chinh Id he qud tuong tdc giua cdc thdnh td he thdng d d Hieu qud hogt dgng cOa he thd'ng khdng don thudn chi Id tdng hieu qud gii/a cde edng dogn hogt dgng md cdn Id cgng hudng vd tieh hgp hieu qud tuong tdc giija cdc edng dogn dd N l u khdng dugc tinh todn kl, hogt ddng eua he thdng se dua d i n sy chdng cheo ve chuc ndng giua edc thdnh phdn vd tgo nhi/ng tuong tdc thua, khdng cdn thiet, gdy Idng phi hogt dgng he thdng Mot so cdch tiep cdn tdi uu khdc phuc vdn de tren chinh Id t i l p cdn Lean (tdi uu) hogt ddng eua h§ thdng Bdi viet ndy gidi thieu mdt cdch tiep edn tdng quan ve Lean edng tdc G D , tren co sd d d de xud't cde djnh hudng ung dyng Lean edng tdc G D , gdp phdn ddi mdi G D d nude ta hien Khdi niem Lean Lean cd nghla Id sy tinh ggn, mqeh Igc hay lien mgch Theo tdc gid Dodn Thi Hdng V d n : Do budi ddu thudt ngu Lean gdn lien vol sdn xud't «Lean manufacturing" - «sdn xudt tinh g g n " , nen khdng it ngudi Idm tudng rdng chi ed sdn xud't mdi cdn den Lean vd mdi cd t h i dp dyng Lean Thyc ra, Lean cd the dp dyng nhieu linh cua cugc sd'ng: sdn xud't, cung cd'p djeh vy, y t e , G D , thuong m g i dgc biet d p dyng rdt thdnh edng ngdnh Logistics (1} Tap clii Giao due so 277 tki i • i/aoia) TS.TA Q U A N G TUAN" Tiep cdn Lean G D 1} Quan niem ve GD Lean vd vai trd cua tiip can Lean CD GD Lean (GD tinh ggn) dugc tiep edn vdi tu cdch eua «doanh nghiep Lean" cd chuc ndng GD (doanh nghigp GD) Trong h§ thd'ng djch vy x d hdi thi G D dugc xem Id mdt ttnh vyc dich vy, dudi sy dieu hdnh hogt dgng eua cde doanh nghiep vd td chuc x d hdi Vi vgy, G D hodn todn ed the ung dyng triet li Lean de tdi uu hda vd tinh ggn hogt ddng cOa minh Cd hoi hoqt ddng cdn bdn Irnh vye G D , bao gdm: Hogt dgng qudn li (QL) vd hogt dgng hgc thugt Hogt dgng QL lien quan den GD nhu ca sd vdt chd't, tdi chinh, nhdn sy, td chuc cde hogt dgng GD vd DT B§n cgnh do, hogt dgng hgc thudt Igi lien quan den viec nghien cuu, xdy dyng ndi dung chuong trinh gidng dgy, td chuc doi mdi PPDH Tuy vgy, sy phdn chia tren ehi ed tinh tuong dd'i vd ed hai linh vyc ndy d i u gdn ket, long ghep vdi thye tien hogt ddng GD Tuy thugc vdo cdp GD md ehung ta ed cdch thuc t i l p cdn Lean mot edeh phu hgp hon T i l p cdn Lean G D cd vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi hogt ddng GD N d tdc dgng Hch eye den cd Irnh vyc QL Ian hgc thugt; gdp phdn t i l t kiem thdi gian, tdng eudng ddng Iuu chuyin hogt dgng GD, ndng cao chd't lugng, t i l t kiem chi phi, kien tgo niem tin cho ngudi hgc E)gc biet hon, x d hdi kinh te tri thuc, cdc to chuc GD cdn phdi thay doi vd thich ung nhanh hon vdi thyc tien Trudc ddy, sy thay ddi ndy duge tinh todn d y a tren ehu kt, thdi d i l m , djnh ki, hogc giai dogn vd gid trj eua td chuc GD dugc ddnh gid d y a tren k i t qud dgt dugc Neu tiep cdn Lean GD nd se tgo mdt quy trinh edi t i l n vd thay ddi lien tyc nhdm thich ung vdi xd hdi; gid trj cua to ehue GD duge ddnh gid khdng ehi dya tren k i t qud dqt dugc md cdn tren chfnh quy trinh cdi tien lien tyc D i l u ndy Id cdn t h i l l de cde td * Trtidagfiailioc N4i vu Ha Noi chuc GD ton tgi vd phdt trien b i n vC/ng xd hdi hien dgi 2} Dqc trung cua tiip can Lean GD Khdch hdng Id ddi tugng dgc bi&t: Trong triet li Lean, gid trj phuc vy duge xdc djnh thong qua viec ddp ung nhu cdu vd mong mud'n cua khdch hdng; khdch hdng Id ngudi thdm djnh gid trj cua sdn phdm Trong G D , khdch hdng khdng chi Id bdn thdn ngudi hgc md Id ngudi su dyng lao dgng; vi vgy, gid tri phye vy cua hogt ddng GD phdi ddp ung ddng thdi nhu cdu eua hai dd'i tugng ndy Ngudi hgc Id ngudi tryc t i l p trd tien de cd cdc gid trj GD cho bdn thdn nhung ngudi su dyng lao ddng mdi Id ngudi ddnh gid chinh xdc gid trj d d GD tgo cdc gid trj tri thuc vd ndng lye cho ngudi hgc nhung cde gid trj ndy rd't khd djnh lugng vd ddnh gid Cdc yeu to tren tgo dgc trung khde biet t i l p can vd ung dyng Lean GD Ddm bdo finh tu bqe thudt boat dgng GD: Trilt li Leon duo den quy trinh tieu chud'n, ed cd'p «Tu Lean" (Lean Thinking) Dieu ndy Igi dang Id trd nggi ddi vdi hogt dgng sdng tgo cua ngudi hogt dgng hgc thudt Ty hgc thudt Id co sd cdn bdn de tqo tri thuc sdng tgo cua ngudi Vi vgy, dp dyng Lean GD cdn phdi dugc \6 chuc mdt each khoa hgc d l ddm bido tinh ty cho hogt ddng hge thudt 3} Thuc trgng tiep can Lean GD Tren the gidi, Lean duge d p dyng tuong dd'i rdng rdr, phd bien vd da dgng (d ed bgc GD dgi hge vd phd thdng) nhu University of Centre Ollohoma (Hoa Ki}; University of St Andrev/s (Scotland); Cardiff University (Wales - Li§n hiep Anh) (2) O Viet N a m , vi§c i/ng dyng Leon edc CO sd GD cdn hgn che, bude ddu chi cd nhi/ng ung dyng mot so kl thudt eua Lean phgm vi hep Viec tiep edn Lean nhu Id mdt trilt li vd he thd'ng QL vdo hogt dgng GD tgi ViSt Nam Id chua cd Vi vdy, ddy Id mot hudng t i l p cdn nhdm gdp phdn ddi mdi GD Viet nam , M d t so' djnh hudng tiep can Lean G D Viet N a m Hogt dgng GD duge hinh thdnh chinh Id nhd he thd'ng cdc yeu to he thd'ng cung tham gia tuong tdc Idn Tiep edn Lean he thd'ng tuong tdc ndy se Idm gidm thieu cdc hogt dgng trung Idp, Idng phi vd khdng mang Igi Igi ich; mdt khdc, no cdn tgo nen sy cgng hgp he thdng, gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qud vd chd't lugng cua hogt dpng GD Dudi day, chung tdi de xudt hai hudng t i l p cdn Lean GD dya tren hai hogt dgng cdn bdn iTnh vyc GD Id hogt dgng QL vd hogt dgng hgc thudt 1} Tiep can Lean doi mai hogt dgng qudn li gido dye (QLGD} Viet Nam Hogt ddng QLGD cd the nhin nhdn dudi hai cd'p sau: QL chien luge vd QL thyc thi hogt dgng GD Vi vdy, tiep cdn Lean GD nen dya tren hai cd'p ndy Vdi cd'p QL chi^n luge GD, Lean dugc xem Id mdt triet li qudn h^j vd dgt d cd'p «Tu Lean" Cd'p ndy hinh thdnh nen edc gid trj cua td chuc, djnh hudng cho hogt ddng cua td chuc GD; dong thdi cdc nguyen tdc cua Leon dugc vdn dyng triet de cd'p ndy Vdi cd'p ^uc tbi boat ddng GD, Lean dugc xem Id mot edng cy de QLGD, trd thdnh quy trinh thyc hi§n O cdp thye thi ndy, hogt ddng QLGD cdn nhin nhdn rd sy Idng phi hogt dgng giua edc yeu to nhu: ngudn lye, khd ndng, edc bien sd, kiem sodt sdn phdm, sy ddp ung cOa sdn phdm, chd't lugng G D Tiep edn Lean QLGD tgi Viet Nam rdt da dqng; vdy, thugc vdc tung cd'p md van dyng Lean vdo cdc ttnh vyc khde nhu: QL nhd nude ve G D ; QL he thd'ng GD qudc ddn; QL nhd trudng; QL tdi chinh G D ; QL ngudn nhdn lye G D ; QL t h i l t bj dgy hgc nhd trudng; QL thdng tin GD 2} Trong doi mai hogt dgng hgc thugt Lean nen dugc tiep cdn dudi hai edeh thuc sou: 1} Tiep can Lean nhu Id edng cu de ho trg qud trinh tu khoa hoc cho cdc nhd nghien cuu hge thudt; A p dyng triet li, cde nguyen tdc, phuong phap vd kl thugt eua Lean vdo qud trinh tu se ho trg qud trinh ndy trd nen tinh ggn vd toi uu hieu qud Lean se Id mot edng cy giup chung to phdn tich, tdng hgp chinh xdc tri thuc; tren co sd d6, edc cho t h i khoa hgc cd the tgo dyng tri thuc mdi cho minh; 2} Tiep can Lean nbu Id edng cy QL vd trien khai cdc hogt ddng hgc thudt: Ddy Id qud trinh vdn dyng Lean de QL cdc hogt dgng hgc thudt; hi hoqt dgng nghien cuu den thyc nghiem vd trien khai ung dyng Viec d p dyng Leon se gidm thieu cdc Idng phi vd ndng cao hieu qud eua ede hogt dgng ndy V i dy, cd t h i ung dyng Lean hogt ddng xdy dyng vd phdt t r i l n ndi dung chuong trinh DT d dgi hgc; td ehue qud trinh dgy hgc Tap clii Giao due so 7 (ki i • i/aoia) Hogt ddng G D xet cho eOng Id hogt ddng cOa mdt he tuong tde giua cdc thdnh t d tham gia qud trinh G D Thyc te, he thd'ng GD Viet Nam van ton tgi nhung tuong tde trOng lap, chdng cheo vd tgo nhimg sdn phdm khdng phu hgp vdi yeu cdu xd hdi hien d g i Lean Id mdt edng cy ho trg QL he thdng GD t u cdp vT md d i n vi md, tgo nen mdt he thdng G D ddng b g , khdng Idng p h i ; tinh ggn vd hieu qud Khdng chi ede nhd QLGD md ed ngudi ldm edng tde GD deu cd t h i vdn dyng Lean vdo hoqt ddng cOa minh Khd ndng dp dyng Lean Id rdt rdng Od d i n lOc cdn dua Lean vdo edng tdc GD nhu mot gidi phdp gop phdn ddi mdi G D nude nhd G Tai lieu tham khao Wikipedia tieng Anh Lean Manufacturing http://ep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leanmanufacturinp Shoshanah Cohen - Joseph Roussel Qudn tri chi^n lucre chu3i cung ling (Pham Nhu Hi4n - D5 Huy Binh, Nguyen Hoang DOng dich) NXB Lao d0ng - Xd hdi H.2011 SUMMARV Lean is a management philosophy In which the focus Is upon improving the 'flow' or smoothness of work and eliminating wastes Education is Interactive system This system creates waste interactions as well as "not expected' results in VietNam EductiongI Area Lean is a new management aproaching that applies in VietNam education System from higher level to tower level (1) Doha Ttii H6ng Van (ctiu bien) - Kim Ngoc Dat This creates synchronous Interaction, minimizing streamlining flow work and optimizing Logistics: Nhirng van de cv ban NXB Lao dgng - waste, efficiency In edcational system operation The main Xdh^i, H.2010 airm of this article Is discuss how to apply Lean in (2) Beny Ziskovasky Optimizing Student Learning: Vietnam Education that focus in areas: Innovating management operation and A I-ean System Approach to Improving K-12 Education educational educational academy operation Publistier: ASQ Quality Press (October 25.2010) di$i mdi theo triet li 'hqc khOng biet chdn, dgykhdng biet mdi" (PGS.TS Le Son) Trong nhiem ki IV, BCHTU Hdi ddtdchiic sinh hoot ki vdi nhieu hOi thoo khoo hgc cd nOi dung bdm sdt thi^t tiSn, ddp Ong trOng HQC vOn SI; NGHI£P Q6\ tKtn CAN ikn VA nhOng vdn de xd hgi quon tdm (nhieu k^t qud NCKH cd gid trj cuo cdc hOi vien dd dupe ung I D A N DIEN GD VIE'T NAM' va DAI HQI DAI BI^UTOANOU(}CKH6AV([iliipmki2011- dgng vdo thirc ti§n),1ien hdnh cdc edng tdc tu vdn, phdn bien, ddnh gid, gidm ^nh xd hOi 2016) v6i s^tham gia dia cdc d(ii l^'eu den lir linh vyc GOOT tdc tiudng DH, tdc chi hOi liong c5 mitx Dgi W V cuo HOI Khoo hgc IL-GD Vi^t Tgi hOi Ihdo, nhi^u tham luO" dO phdn tfch khd sdu sjJc vS th^c trgng GD nirdt ta: Nam dd hdu 99 hdi viSn vdo BCH khdo mdi 'Nhd Ifuung Vi$tflom sS it ve d6u' (PGS.TS (nhiem ki 2011-2016): PGS.TS Trdn Kidu, USon); 'V§tii$n trgng GO nu6c nhd vdc6cli nguyen Vign tmdng Vi^n KHGD Vigt Norn dugc thdo gS" (GS TS Nguyen Nggc PhO); 'Qiai bdu Idm ChO tich hdi; GS TS Nguyen Nggc ph6p 66i miii an bdn vd lodn di$R GD Vi^l Phd: PCI thudng true kiem idng thu ki HQi NGOCLAN Nam 2011-2020'US Nguyen TGng • Trong ngily v > ^ ^ : {17-18/12/2011}, tgi ^ J ? ^ HiiNOi.HOiKhoahgclam ^ * ll-GifioducVietNomadtd chuc HOi Mo l A M Ll HOC VA GIAO DUC Lam) Ngodi ra, hOi thdo cung thu hut nhifiu y ki^n tranh luOn, phdn bi§n tri;c tiep oja c6c dgl bi^u ve mOt s6 vdn de: Ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn di^n cd phdi Id ddi mtJi hodn todn vd ddi mdi mpi thdnh \6 GD hay khdng? (GS Phgm Minh Hgc); ddi mdi cdn tien hdnh ddng bO, c6 H thdng, CD Vi^t Nom khdng ndn vOn hdnh theo ca che thi trudng (GS Phgm Tdt Dong); dd ddi mdi, phdi Idi cdu tnJc lgi hg thdng GO mOt cdch thudng xuyen Phd Chu tith nude CHXHCN Vi§t Nam, nguyen BO trudng BO GD-DT dd ddn di/ vd phdt bieu tgi HT HT dd tdp tmng vdo cdc chd dS chinh: 1} Voi trd cOo KHSP sv nghiep phdt tri^n dOi ngu GV cdc cdp; 2) NhOng vdn ii ll ludn vd thge tien cuo cdi cdch ddo tgo (DT), bdi dudng, DT lgi GV vd cdc chinh sdch ddi vdi GV nhdm ddp ung ydu cdu ddi mdi GD ViOt Norn; 3) Dinh hudng cdc gidi phdp nghidn dm KHSP svnghiep phdt tridn dOi ngu GV thdi gion tdi; 4) ViOn NCSP si; nghiep nghien euu KHSP vd KHGO; 5) Md hinh Vien NCSP tnidng DHSP trpng Jem nghien eihj Mot sd bdo cdo dugc trinh bdy tgi HT: 'KHSP • thdch Ihdc lo \6n vd tmg ki f$ng tnr (PGS.TS Phon Trgng Ngg); '/dy dt/ng nSn tang tri th^c ngh4 nghi$p Kiniem 10 ndm ngdy thdnh Idp flr6l/(JWe/«(7m'aSKHPhgmD5NhglTien); ( / / O - / / 1 ) , n g d y / 'Vai trd nghiSn c6v KHSP vdi B76V thut bi§n / 1 , Vi$nngbi§najv sir phgm m?) 66i mdi cdn ban vd todn 6i^n nSn GO Vi$l • Trudng DHSP Hd Ndi dd td chuc hOi thdo Nam" (KS.]S Nghiem Dinh Vy); 'Bdicdnh (HT)'KHOA HOC Sir PHAM (KHSP) TRONG (te; qud trinh phdt tiiin vd vai trd cua f^n CHI^N limC PHAT TRI^N GIAO VIEN (GV) NCSP' (GS.TS Dinh Quong Bdo); T/pn NCSP - Y^U TOl CAN BAN 0(^1 M(}| GIAO DUC Ifong OH nghien cOu - nhOng nguySn li nen ViEl NAM' Bd Nguygn Thi Binh, Chu t|ch Idng cua xdy d^g vd phdt trien' (GS.TS Vu N.M.K Quy hda binh vd phdt trien Viet Nam, nguydn VdnHOng), Tap chi Giao due s6 7 (ki i • i/aoi2) ... vd phdt trien b i n vC/ng xd hdi hien dgi 2} Dqc trung cua tiip can Lean GD Khdch hdng Id ddi tugng dgc bi&t: Trong triet li Lean, gid trj phuc vy duge xdc djnh thong qua viec ddp ung nhu cdu... trung khde biet t i l p can vd ung dyng Lean GD Ddm bdo finh tu bqe thudt boat dgng GD: Trilt li Leon duo den quy trinh tieu chud''n, ed cd''p «Tu Lean" (Lean Thinking) Dieu ndy Igi dang Id trd... cua ngudi Vi vgy, dp dyng Lean GD cdn phdi dugc \6 chuc mdt each khoa hgc d l ddm bido tinh ty cho hogt ddng hge thudt 3} Thuc trgng tiep can Lean GD Tren the gidi, Lean duge d p dyng tuong dd''i