PHirONG PHAP HINH THANH BI^U TUtTNG SO LU9NG CHOTREMAUGIAO o PGS TS D6 THI M I N H L |£N '''' Hinh thdnh bllu Krgng sd lugng (BTSL) cho trS mdu gido (MG) Id nhl|m vy gido dye nhdn thi>c quon hgng nhdm gl[.]
PHirONG PHAP HINH THANH BI^U TUtTNG SO LU9NG CHOTREMAUGIAO o H inh thdnh bllu Krgng sd lugng (BTSL) cho trS mdu gido (MG) Id nhl|m vy gido dye nhdn thi>c quon hgng nhdm glOp tr6 nhdn bllt ddu hl^u sd lugng (SL), mdl quon h | (MQH) SL vd quy ludt hinh thdnh d h-6 bllu tu^ng v l ddy sdh/ nhign, nhung kTndng (KN) nhdn bllt nhu: so sdnh SL, dim, thSm, bdt, chlo SL, Tdt ed nhOng kiln thue (KT), KN dd Id eo sd d l h i d l ddng hgc ph6p dim vd cdc phip Hnh dgl sd d \Tudng phd thdng Trong thyc Hin GDMN hl$n noy, hl^u qud eOo qud trinh htnh thdnh BTSL cho h i chua coo nhllu nguySn nhdn \th6c nhau, h-ong dd cd vol hd ciia gido vISn (GV) V) vdy, cdn cd sy nghldn cuu kr ludng PP hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg MG nhdm ndng coo hl$u qud cOo qud hinh DH ndy Qud Hnh thdnh BTSL cho t r i MG BTSL d hg MG dugc hinh thdnh qud trinh tde d$ng dd'u hl^u SL cua ede tdp hgp vdo gide quan, h30 dudng llgn h| thdn kinh tgm thdi, d l Igl ddu v ^ vd nao Sy phdl hgp cdm gidc thj gidc - v$n ddng vdi thfnh gide, sd md ed $' nghta ddc b l ^ ddi vdi sy nhdn thCre dgng vd c^fnh xdc cdc ddu hl|u SL cuo cdc tdp h BTSL so gidn cd d hi 1,5 - h)dl din bllu hj^ng SL dfch thi/c rdl din bllu h/grng SL Uidl qudt vd cudi eOng Id hinh thdnh cdc khdf nl|m v l SL NhOng k^ qud nghlte cuu hgn Id eo sd d l xdc djnh ndl dung hinh thdnh BTSL cho h i 5-6 h>dl Ndl dung hinh thdnh BTSL cho hg boo gIm: dgy hg tgo nhdm ddi h/gng theo ddu hl$u chung, phdt hlln KN so sdnh SL, dgy h i nhdn bid vd phdn dnh bdng Idl ndl MQH SL, dgy h i dim v6 nhdn bllt SL cdc nhdm ddi hrgng phgm vi 10 vd dim theo khd ndng cOo hg, dgy h-g g$p nhdm dd'l tugng vd dim, \ddt\ nhdm thdnh cdc nhdm nhd, Idm quen vdi cdc sdh> din 10 Dl thyc hl|n n^i dung hinh thdnh BTSL cho h i c6 h[|u qud, cdn cd sy dan cdl, Idng ghgp cdc ngl dung HO cua hg vdi nhou hong tihig chO d l GD dudi sy td chi>c llnh hoot vd si/ hudng ddn cd kl hogeh, ed myc dfch cOo GV nhdm hinh thdnh h-g nhOng BTSL, MQH SL vd KN nhdn bllt SL, Trong cdc HD nhdn bllt, GV cdn tgo eo hdl dl hg duge h/ minh trdi nghiem, quon sdt, khdm -Tni«uB9ili^stfpli9MMN^ Tap chi filao due s6 (id i • a/aoia) phd theo nhu edu, thu cOa minh d l ndm ddu higu SLvd M Q H SL ed h-ong moi trudng xung quonh, giOp trg phdt huy vd vdn dyng td'l nhOng BTSLvd KN nhdn bllt dd cd de gidl quylt nhung tinh hudng ddt ro h-ong cudc sd'ng Nhu vdy, cdc hdl nghlSm hgc tdp cua hg dugc tfch hqp thdnh mdt the thdng nhdt, glup trg hllu cdc KT, KN llgn kit vdi nhou Trg dugc hgc d mgl luc, mgi noi GV cdn bilt edeh hudng dfin, glup dd, goi nvj trg M G Heh eye tham gia vdo cdc HD vul ehol - hgc tdp d l ndm KT, KN nhdn bllt SL GV cdn chu trgng td chuc mdl hudng HD vdi phuong hf n hgc ll^u vd nhChig HD dgng, nhiTng tinh hud'ng cd vdn d l jA\u hqp, nhdm Idl cudn h-g Heh eye tham gio vdo HD Hm tdl, gidl quylt nhi^m vy nhdn bilt SL quo thyc hdnh hong cdc HD vui ehol hdp dSn D l hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg, GV su dyng cdc bi^n phdp rd't da dgng, vd mt/c dd (MD) su dyng chiing cua cdc GV Id khde nhou Cy t h i (xem bang / ) Bdng ].M,Dsud^ng m^t sdbi$n phdp nhdm hinh thdnh BTSL cho tr6 5-6 tudi MOtiiunB Thlnh TT CVc M#n 0fNto M M tMnn SrSL Li/l ch^n n4l dung Nnh IhAnh BTSL M n CO l i kinh ngNtm >t ntng CUIlrf 17 2S Ltp kt t)otch cho ntH dung hinh Ihtnh QTSL 2* SI 15 Xty Otfng n « truOng HB nh«n bill SL thM huOna Dh« Iriin 13 48 40 SA duna htnh Mna mlHj 73 27 S H I thina ctu hil DOl ni4 7S 2S Tinh hu&na eb vin A 10 26 B4 Sil(lvna.MchalhoGt|p 45 38 17 TMng tvina KfOng bKiM 55 28 72 e SDdunaDhliuhoctto 12 10 SaOunoHDIiJduc 25 ea 11 10 sadvnflHSIvoNnh 36 66 Thyc trqng cua v)|c hinh thdnh BTSL cho 15 43 12 EUnh (M MD Mnh Ihb*) BTSL ciJi I r i 42 h-g 5-6 tudi Tu thdng den thdng / 1 , chung tdl dd Kit qud bdng cho thdy: - Nhllu GV edn khdo sdt 100 G V M N k ^ M G 5-6 \u6\ h?i mgt sd chua cho •^ hSl khd ndng eOo trg d l lyo chgn n§l trudng M N d ede Hnh: TuyIn Quong; Tfidl Blnh; dung hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg cho phCi hgp; Qudng Blnh vd Long An v l v l ^ hinh thdnh BTSL vigc xdy dyng mdl hudng HD nhdn bllt SL theo cho h-g 5-6 hjdi Kit qud cho thdy: hudng phdt hlln cung ehua dugc GV quon tdm 1} Nhdn thi}c cOa GV vS vd'n di binb nhilu Dilu ndy xud't phdt tu nhgn thuc cOng nhu thdnh BTSL cho tri: - 100% G V M N duqc hdl sy thilu hllu bllt cuo nhllu GV v l cdch thuc Igp d i u khdng t^nh sy cdn thilt vd vol hd quon trgng k l hogeh vd xdy dyng mdl hudng HD cho hg; cOo vifc hinh thdnh BTSL cho h i 5-6 hidi ddi vdi - 0$ hinh ihdnh BTSL cho hg, GV cdn thudng xuygn phdt triln hr vd chudn bj eho trg vdo hgc su dyng bl^n phdp hdnh ddng mdu, nhu: hdnh kip Hlu hgc; - Hdu hit cdc G V M N cho rdng ddng h30 nhdm, so sdnh SL bdng thilt l^p 1:1, vile hinh thdnh BTSL cho t r i cd t h i dien ro h-ong HD dim, su dyng h^ thdng cdu hdi ggi md HD hgc todn c6 chu dfch, HD vuf choi vd cdc HD theo hinh h/ nhdn thuc cOo trg Tuy nhign, nhllu khdc cuo h-g hong trudng M N ; 70% GV cho rdng GV Idm mSu cdn chua dung, di^t cdc cdu hdl HD hgc cd chO dfch Id hinh thue quon h-gng nhdt; chua cd h-lnh h/, nhllu edu hdf thilu tfnh chfnh 69% GV ddnh gid coo vol hd euo HD vul ehol xdc, thilu h'nh hg thdng vd ddi thilu y l u td ddi vdi vigc hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg; - 47% todn; - £4 kfch thich HD h/ cuo h i , cdc GV G V M N khdng hllu dung vd ddy dO v l dgy hge thudng su dyng cdc Hnh hud'ng cd vdn d l Kit (DH) nhdm hinh thdnh BTSL cho trg, mdcdu h-gn qud dilu h-o cho thdy, cd tdi 67% sd GV khdng thyc Hin hg vSn phdi thyc hign nhl^m vy ndy; si} dyng bl$n phdp DH ndy, nhilu GV chua hllu cd h^l 77% GV khdng ndm ddy di3 cdc tigu chi rd bdn chdt vd edu true cua bdi hgc theo edeh ddt ddnh gid sy hinh thdnh BTSL cua h i 5-6 hjdl; vd gidl quylt vdn d l , khd ndng sdng h;io cOo GV 63% GV chua nhdn thi>e duge vol hd ciJa cdc edn thdp vl t h i md hg thyc sy- lOng hJng v l ^ tgo ede tinh hudng cd vdn d l d l hinh thdnh bidn phdp DH ddi vdi higu qud hinh thdnh BTSL BTSL cho trg hong qud hinh HD; - 100% GV s(> eho trg dyng cdc bdi tdp vd hd choi hgc tdp d l dgy h i 2i Vi St} difng cdc bl$n phdp hinh thdnh Tuy nhlln, cdc bdi tdp, hd choi hgc tdp eOo GV BTSL cho tri: 100% G V M N ddnh gid eoo sy thudng don digu, thilu tfnh h$ thdng cung nhu edn thiet vd vol trd quon trgng cOa cdc b i | n ehua fh^ hgp vdi khd ndng nhdn thOc vd hi>ng phdp hinh thdnh cdc BTSL cho trg 5-6 hjdi Tap chifilaodue so (ki i s/aon) hinh thdnh BTSL cho t r i theo chO d i G D ; h) GD2: Tdchiic, hudng dSn cdc HD hinh thdnh BTSL cho tri GD ndy duqc thyc hl$n bdng cdc bl$n phdp sou: si> dyng hdnh d$ng mdu, v ^ mdu nhdm hinh thdnh BTSLvdKNnhdnblit SI, M Q H SL cho H , l i dnOc cho t r i tqo nhdm, so sdnh, d i m , thim, bdt SL ; luyin tdp nhdm ciing c6 BTSL quo h i thing cdc bdi l$p, trd choi hqc I4p, si} dyng cdc dqng HD khdc cOo tri nhdm l u y ^ tdp t r i ling dyng BTS; c) GD3: Ddnh gid hl$u qud hinh ihdnh BTSL cho Iri GD ndy duqc thyc hlin bdng ode blin 3j VS MD hinh thdnh BTSL aja tri: Tim hllu phdp sou: Idl cudn t r i ihom gia ddnh gid bqn vd ly ddnh gid M D hinh thdnh BTSL; l{lp hd l o cho ihyc trqng M D hinh thdnh BTSL cOa tri - d tuli, chung tdl dd khdo sdt vdi 120 I r i t h u ^ : Trung lOng t r i v i HD hinh ihdnh BTSL hm H4ng An (Hung Hd, Thdi Blnh) vd Trudng PP hinh Ihdnh BTSl cho t r i 5-d ludl dd xdy M N Hoo Bon (Ding Hdl, Qudng Binh) T r i cd dung duqc chung tdl phdl hqp si} dyng ode trudng trin d i u dong hqc theo chuong trinh d l l HD hinh thdnh BTSL cho t r i thao chii diim GD: mdl G D M N MD hinh thdnh BTSL ciia t r i - d tuil 'Thi gidl thi/c y^f vd nThigtdt d$ng v^ TN duqc ddnh gid qua kit qud thyc hl$n bdi khdo duqc tiin hdnh vdi nhdm I r i vdo thdng 10sdt cue t r i theo cdc tliu chf sou; Khd ndng tqo / 1 Kit qud T N PP ndy Id (xem hdng 3) nhdm d l i luqng theo d£iu hl$u chung, khd ndng Bdng MD binb thdnh BTSL cOatriede nhdm so sdnh SL cdc nhdm d l i tuqng bdng cdc blin TNvdddl chi>ng (DQ phdp dd biit, khd ndng d i m xdc djnh SL UBMnnMrA BTSL a •4 phqm vl s^T da hqc vd khdi qudt SL bdng cdc t h i Nhdmtri TTOIgUn am KM TB rtfu X TNI TiuAcTN se> vd sef, blit ihim, bdt nhdm blin ddi SL vd a.e 18.7 43.3 HinflAn StuTN 38.7 14.7 M Q H SL Irong phqm vl SL da hqc (xem t d n g 2) eci TfUScTN •.e 20 43.3 N HinpAn SMITN 13J Bdng MD hinh thdnh BTSL cOa tri 5-d tvgl thu cOa trd Cho n§n hi^u qud DH cua cdc bi^n phdp ndy chua cao; - Si> dyng phllfu hpc t^p vd cdc HD khdc cOa trS nhu: tqo hinh, thi dye*- • • vdo qud trinh hinh thdnh BTSL cho tri Id bl$n phdp c6 uu t h i v l ^ cd bl$t hdo HD nh^n (hire cOa tri Tuy nhidn, kit qud diiu tro Iql cho ihtfy phdn Idn GV khdng bilt si> dyng cdc bi$n phdp DH trgn Nguyin nhdn cua thi/c Irqng trIn Id GV ngqi nght ho dyng chung vdo qud trinh hinh thdnh BTSL cho tri cho phu hqp TN2 S6lri 120 MBHnhMnliBTSLcuali4S-6ijif%) aa I Khi Twnotlnh Kim 10,8 (13 ri) 23,3 (28 Iri) 43,3 (52 ri) 22,5 (27 rt) HMBMI 002 HMBM TiUfcTN SMTN TiuOeTN SauTM 10 M ID 13J 28.7 40 33.3 11.78 *?.' 33.3 10 1131 w Kit qud bdng cho thdy, M D hinh thdnh BTSL cua t r i cdc nhdm T N tdng cao hon hdn so vdt M D ndy cua I r i nhdm DC Tdc d i n g sou TN, Iri cdc nhdm T N ndm BTSL nhanh hon, chfnh xdc vd khdl qudt hon Hdu hit t r i rdt tfch eye, die Idp gidl quyit vd hodn thdnh cdc bdi tdp dim, Ihim, bdt, tqo nhdm vdt khd d i ddng O nhdm PP hinh ihdnh BTSL cho t r i vd k i t qud DC, sd t r i dqt k i t qud gidl vd khd cd tdng, nhung k i t qud trung blnh vd y i u vSn chlim H If Ihi/c nghlim (TN) Dya trin CO sd If lu$n vd thyc tiin cOa vlic hinh coo K i t qud dd lich chud'n v i d l i m klim tro cOo t r i hoi nhdm T N vd DC cho thdy MD hinh Ihdnh BTSL cho tri 5-d tudi, chdng tdl d i xudt Pf hinh ihdnh BTSL d n t r i theo glal doqn ( G | sou: ihdnh BTSL cua nhdm I r i sau T N Id tuong dil o; GDI: Chudn bl diiu kl^ cho vl^ hinh thdnh ddng d i u KA qud klim d|nh Tsludent khdng d|nh BTSL cho tri CD ndy duqc ihyc hl^n bdng cdc d$ chinh ^ch d l i m klim tro cOa t r i cdc nhin blin phdp sou: khdo sdt M D phdt triin BTSL cOa TN tru6c vd sou T N Id cd y nghta Diiu dd khdng t r i nhdm; khdo sdt mdl trudng hqc t^p ciia djnh Knh hifu qud ciio PP hinh thdnh BTSL cho t i i theo myc dfch d$t ro, l^p k i hoqch cho n^l t r i dd xdy dyng dung hinh thdnh BTSL cho l i i ; xdy dyng m i l trudng (Xem tlip trang Uj Bdng cho thdy, M D hinh ihdnh BTSL cOa I r i - d lu^i d i u chua coo, nhiiu nguyin nhdn khdc nhau, nhu: nhiiu G V cdn nh^n thuc chua d6y v i n h l ^ vy hinh thdnh BTSL cho I r i , cdc bl^n phdp Idc d^ng duqc G V si> dyng chua llnh hoqt vd hqp, diiu kif n co sd v$t Ml ciia trudng cdn khd khdn, Tgp Chi Blip due so 291 (M i M » I M ... cho trg hong qud hinh HD; - 100% GV s(> eho trg dyng cdc bdi tdp vd hd choi hgc tdp d l dgy h i 2i Vi St} difng cdc bl$n phdp hinh thdnh Tuy nhlln, cdc bdi tdp, hd choi hgc tdp eOo GV BTSL cho. .. phdp hinh thdnh cdc BTSL cho trg 5-6 hjdi Tap chifilaodue so (ki i s/aon) hinh thdnh BTSL cho t r i theo chO d i G D ; h) GD2: Tdchiic, hudng dSn cdc HD hinh thdnh BTSL cho tri GD ndy duqc thyc... ciio PP hinh thdnh BTSL cho t i i theo myc dfch d$t ro, l^p k i hoqch cho n^l t r i dd xdy dyng dung hinh thdnh BTSL cho l i i ; xdy dyng m i l trudng (Xem tlip trang Uj Bdng cho thdy, M D hinh ihdnh