N9HllN CAl Q HOP TAC NHA NtfdC TUNHAN TRONG GIAO DUG BAI HOC Tir KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE I OMvSnde Vi l t Nam d l t r i i qua hon 25 nam k l Xd khi chuyin ddi sang kinh t l thj tnrdng Trong thdi gian niy,[.]
N9HllN CAl Q HOP TAC NHA NtfdC - TUNHAN TRONG GIAO DUG: BAI HOC Tir KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE 11lS.NGUYiN VAN GIANG Tning Hm Ptiln ticfi vd oa bin nhu c^u 0lo tgu nhin ^ I.OMvSnde V i l t Nam d l t r i i qua hon 25 nam k l Xd chuyin ddi sang kinh t l thj tnrdng Trong thdi gian niy, nhilu t h i n h tflu kinh t l - x l hpi, van hda, g i l o duc da h i l n h i l n rd v l dflpc cpng ddng qudc t l hoan nghlnh Thinh q u i I I mpt sp tdng hda d c nd lue cOa t i t c l ele n g i n h , d e c l n h i n v l td chfle Tuy viy, thdi gian tdi, kinh t l Viet Nam se d i n chuyin sang 'kinh t l tri thfle' tfl mdt n i n kinh t l thi tifldng nhflhi^n N i n kinh t l mdi dd se ddi hdi Ipe Iflpng lao ddng trinh dd cao, khdng ehl t h i hi&n qua b i n g cip m l cdn b i n g nang Ipe thpc tl.TWde nhflng thich thfle mdi thdi kl kinh t l ddi hdi h i m lupng chit x i m cao, OIng v l N h l nude da ed nhflng chu tiUOTig, chfnh sleh n h i m thay ddi c l n b i n , t o i n di&n h i thdng g i l o due d tc!t e l ele e i p hpc B i i v i l t n i y mong mudn gp^ m d mdt nhCfng phuong I n ddi mdi eo c h l q u i n If g i l o due hudng tdi n i n g cao c h i t lupng g i l o due t o i n d i l n v l d i p flng nhu e l u p h i t triln ngudn n h i n Ipc c l i l t lupng cao, b i n g vifc thu hot d i u tfl tu n h i n v i o g i l o due thdng qua hinh thfle hpp t i e n h l nfldc - t f l n h i n (tilng Anh gpi I I public private partnership hay PPP) Khung k h l i n i l m ve PPP Cho d i n nay, chfla cd mdt k h l i nl&m thdng n h i t n l o v l hpp t i e n h l nfldc - t u n h i n Tuy thude v i o ITnh vpc hpp t i e m l ^ n h nghTa v l hpp t i c dupc hinh thinh v l k h l i ni^m hda Tuy nhign, b i n c h i t cua sp hpp t i e chlnh I I vile n h l nude tao d i l u ki&n ve p h i p \% Ipi t h i thuong mai d l khdi t u nhan dupe tham gia d i u t u v l thu hdi ehi phf v l Ipi n h u l n O i l m nhan cOa b i t ky hinh thfle hpp t i e PPP n l o khdng p h i i I I v i l e xiy dflng v l b i n giao edng trinh, m l ehfnh la viec cung e i p djch vu eho ngfldi hfldng lpl cudi cflng, kich thich tinh sing tao v l eo c h l chia s i rOi ro tdi uu n h i t d l phfa tu n h i n cd t h i xfl ly nhflng nil ro tdt hon n h l nfldc v l / h o l c ngflpe Igi Sau d i y I I mdt sd dinh nghTa l i l n quan d i n PPP dflpc ele qudc gia I p dung d Pakistan, Chlnh phfl xiy duhg k l hoach hinh ddng c i i eleh g i l o dye giai dogn 2001-2005, mot budc tiin d i n g k l I I tiifle d i y sp tham gia cfla khu vue tu n h i n vi^c cung d p djch vu g i l o dye x l t r i n g n g i n sleh n h l nude ludn bj e h l ude bdi nhiiu nghia vy khie nhau, theo dd se khdng k h i thi n l u ddi hdi djch vy gilo due c h i t Iflpng tiong kinh phf thpe hien I I q u i thap Ojnh nghTa dflpe n l u K l hoach Hanh ddng cua Pakistan nhflsau: "Hop tdcnhdnudc-tunhdn duac dinh nghia Id bat ki mdi quan he ndo gida khdi nhd nude vd khoi tunhdn (bao gdm cdc to chUcxd hpi ddn s0 dd ede hogt dpng tiuyin thong cua nhd nudc mpt phdn dupc khdi tunhdn thuc hiin'[Savas,20O4) Co quan phat t r i l n PPP tiiude Bd Tai ehinh An Op djnh nghia PPP nhfl sau: "Hop tdc nhd nuiK tunhdn cd nghia id mdt thda thudn hap ddng gida Chfnh phd/ea quan nhd nude ed thdm quyin / Caquan eda Chlnh phu cdu thdnh mpt bin vd mpt dan vi tunhdn cdu thdnh ben cdn Igi, dicung cap cdc edng trinh nhd nudc vd/hodedich vu cdng, thdng qua viicddu tUvd/hopcqudn licuadan vi hX nhdn ^ong mdt thdi hgn nhdt dinh, dd quy dinh rd ca dii phdn chia rdi ro gida caquan cua Chlnh phu vd dan vi tunhdn, dong thi^dan vi tunhdn nhdn dugc aic khodn todn gdn vdi khd ndng thue hiin cda hp so vdi cdc tieu chudn thuehiin cu the vd duac xdc dinh tif ddu, md cdc tiiu chudn hay tiiu ch! ndy phdi ludng duac ddl' ca quan cda Chlnh phd hope dgi diin cd thdm q t y i n cfla/ip.''(Khung chlnh sleh PPP eda AnOd, BdTIi ehfnh An Od, 2011) Tfl nhflng khli n i l m n l u t r l n , ed t h i thiy, hpp t i e nha nfldc tfl n h i n ehinh la mdi quan h i hpp ddng gifla mdt b i n I I Chlnh phfl (thdng qua eoquan n h l nudc cd t h i m quyin} v l mdt b i n la n h l d i u t u t u n h i n C l hai b&n d i u cd nghTa vu thpc hien hpp ddng, theo dd se ciing chia s i rfli ro mdt cleh h i l u q u i nhat Lflu y ring, vile chia s i rfli ro d d i y khdng cd nghTa la nha nudc day toan bp nhflng rfli ro ma minh khdng cd kha n i n g xfl li sang phfa tfl nhin, hay ngupc lai O l y I I mdi quan he keo dai tdi v l i chuc nam, n i n viec t u i n thu mdi quan h& hpp ddng v l nhflng nguyen t i c ciia nd gidng nhu I I mdi quan he hdn n h i n gifla hai ngfldi, b i n chat g i n bd v l tin ely l i n N h l nfldc se g i i m s i t hpp ddng dua t r l n mdt he thdng tieu chuan v l tilu ehf quy djnh t f l dau, v l phfa t u nhan dupe hd tip v l nhilu khfa cgnh, vf dy nhu hd trp g i l i phdng mat bing, t l i djnh cfl, b i o lanh vay vdn, m i l n g i i m t h u l nhim n i n g eao tinh kha thi eua d p i n v l mat tai ehinh v l thuong mgi Khi xem x l t d i n md hinh PPP, chflng ta cung d n luu y d i n b i i hoc Idn n h i t d l dupe nit ti^ tiipe tiln tnen khai md hinh n i y d ele nude tiln t h i gidi dd I I , Sti79-THANG4/2ai2