1 72 Chapter 4: The Man ifold Sayings of Dags po - B ackground and Transmission It appears that DK.A consists of two separate volumes, although the volume division is not immediately evident from the microfilm in which the print is available today 467 In total, the corpus consists of 734 folios measuring 49,7 x , cm ( " x " ) , printed with black ink on both sides of light-colored paper The contents are arranged into forty texts, which are numbered by the letters of the Tibetan alphabet (Ka-A and Ki- *Nyi) and by the additional letters E and Vm?1 What from the microfilm seems to be the first volume contains texts (DK.A.Ka-DK.A.Tsha) , in total consisting of 3 folios printed on both sides The second volume contains 22 texts (DK.A.Dza-DK.A.Va:rp.), totaling 406 folios printed on both sides Each individual text has its own pagination starting from folio one Although not indicated explicitly, the texts seem generally to be arranged in the order of their genre The first volume contains texts belonging to four genres : hagiographies (rnam thar) , teachings to the gathering (tshogs chos) , answers to questions (zhus !an) , and Tantric instructions (khrid yig) The second volume likewise c ontains texts belonging to four genres : texts on Mahamudra, texts on miscellaneous topics (gsung thor bu), eulogies and prayers (bstod pa and gsol 'debs) , and expositions of the stages of the path (lam rim) A full survey of the material in DK.A will be provided below in chapter five with a detailed summary of each text It should be noted that the creation of distinct texts is a feature newly introduced in ms DK.A, which is absent in the earlier recension represented by ms DK.a 46 467 The 520 xylograph is available on microfilm from the Nepal-German Manuscript Preser vation Project (NGMPP) , reel nos L594/ l and L595/ l , running no L6086, filmed in 995 during the Taplejung expedition The original print (which may be referred to as the " Phole codex") is in the private collection of Mr Lcags phug sprul sku, in the village Phole (two hours south of the village Ghunsa) near Mt Kangchenj unga in eastern Nepal For some pictures of a temple in Phole, see http ://www alain-collet.com/nepal/Kang/63.html (use the arrows on the webpage to view pictures # 63-67) The Phole codex is nearly complete The only omission is text DK.A.Ma, which - as evinced by another incomplete manuscript copy (see below) as well as by all later apographs - correctly should be a sadhana text on Vajrayoginf entitled Rje dags po !ha rjes mdzad pa 'i phyag rgya chen po rdo rje ye shes dbang dang! phag mo 'i gzhung mdo dang bcas pa In the Phole codex, however, text DK.A.Ma has incorrectly been replaced with a text Ma from a different blw ' 'bum, which is not related to the Dags po 'i blw ' 'bum The wrongly inserted text in question is entitled Dag snang zhing sbyong gi khrid yig sku gsum ngo sprod ( 1 folios), being a work composed by the second 'Brug chen Rin po che, Rgyal dbang Chos rje Kun dga' dpal 'byor ( 428- 476) The said text derives from section Ma of the Phajoding edition of Kun dga' dpal 'byor's works (pp 496ff in the Thimphu copy) ; for the same text in the modem reproduction of the Punakha edition, see Collected Works (Gswi 'bum) of Rgyal-dbang rje Kun-dga '-dpal- 'byor, Darjeeling 982, vol 2, pp 1 -23 (TBRC W l 0954) A second incomplete print of the DK.A xylograph is found in the personal possession of Khenpo Shedup Tendzin in Kathmandu (see S HERPA, 2004 : 22, there referred to as "DKB-Dwags" ) Furthermore, microfilm NGMPP reel no L l 09- , running n o L l 396, contains a print of one individual text from the corpus , namely text DK.A.Ra, filmed on October 9, 986, in the personal collection of Tulku Tshewang at Nampa Kunden Monastery, Nepal It is possible that there exists another print of DK.A in Remis Monastery, Ladakh, which served as the basis for the modem publication DK.R (see p ) 468 For an analysis of this development, see KRAGH (20 3c : 377-379) Chapter : The Man ifo ld Sayings of Dags po - B ackground and Transmission 173 The first volume (DK.A.Ka I l a) commences with a recto cover page for text Ka , which ann ounces the title of text Ka inside a decorative frontispiece drawing The title of the text, Rj e sgam po pas mdzad pa 'i tai lo nii ro 'i rnam thar bzhugs, rests on a lotus flower with an orn ate decoration arching over the title The alphabetical text label Ka stands above the title within a separate box A frontispiece of similar design is found on the cover of text DK.A.E a, but the microfilm of that folio is too smudged and dark to reproduce the image here On the verso folio l b of text DK.A.Ka, the 520 xylograph has two line-drawings that frame the text to the left and right The left drawing is a picture of three figures - Vajra dhara (center) , Tilopa (left), and Naropa (right) - seated on a single throne A caption beneath the figures reads : " Homage to Tailopa ! Homage to Vajradhara ! Homage to Naropa ! " 69 The right drawing likewise depicts three figures - Mar pa (center) , Mi la ras pa (left), and B sod nams rin chen (right) - seated on a single throne The drawing is very blur red in the extant print and the caption is illegible The text proper begins on the verso side of the first folio, which has a larger script than that of subsequent fo lios The recto left margin of all folios is marked by the alphabetical text label (e g , Ka) and the folio pagination (e g , bzhi) , both written vertically The cover pages of all the following texts in the two volumes, e g , texts DK.A.Kha, etc , not have any ornate drawings as found on the frontispiece of the first text However, the beginning of each text is marked by a simple cover page displaying the alphabetical text label, e g , Kha, set within a small box with a pointed top, below which is the title of the text in question set in a double-lined square box The pagination begins anew for each section On regular folios, there are seven lines of text DK.A contains printing colophons in several of its texts The colophons explicitly testify to the fact that the printing of the xylograph was completed on September 26, 520, in the A 'khar bde chen temple at Dags Iha sgam po under the supervision of abbot S gam po B sod nams lhun grub A short version of the printing colophon is found in eighteen texts of the corpus , namely DK A B a, DK.A.Wa, DK.A Za-DK.A Chi, and DK.A.Vaf!! A longer printing colophon is fo und at the end of text DK.A.Ga (the S gam po pa hagiography) and 46 DK.A.Ka b: //tai lo pa la na mo! rdo rje 'chang la na 1110/ na ro pa la na moll 1 74 Chapter 4: The Manifold Sayings of Dags po - B ackground and Transmission DK.A.E (Dags po thar rgyan) An abbreviated printing colophon is found at the end of text DK.A.Ca, stating that the text was written at Dags Iha sgam po Moreover, short scribal colophons mentioning the names of scribes and carvers of individual texts are given at the end of texts DK.A Cha, DK.A.Na, DK.A.Sha, DK.A.Khi, and DK.A.Ci 70 The long printing colophon refers to the corpus as "the Complete Manifold Sayings along with the Ornament of Liberation" (bka ' 'bum yangs rdzogs thar rgyan dang bcas pa) The Mang Yul Gung Thang Xylograph (Siglum DK.B) Fifty two years after the first printed edition of the Dags po 'i bka ' 'bum had been published in 520 at Dags Iha sgam po monastery, a reprint of the corpus was made in 572 by the printer Gnas rab 'byams pa Byams pa phun tshogs ( 50 - ) in the Mang yul gung thang region of southern Tibet This reprint shall here be referred to with the siglum DK B The new printing blocks for the reprint were directly based on the 520 xylograph (DK.A), which in text critical terms means that DK.B is an apograph, i e , a direct copy and descendant, of DK.A DK.B has been preserved in two incomplete prints as well as in six fragments It seems that the xylograph contained 42 works in total, having two short extra texts added to the 40 works already found in DK.A Combining together the various parts of DK.B preserved across the different prints, a total of of its texts are extant, while five texts that probably were part of the original xylograph DK.B are not fo und in any of the available paper prints The five missing texts are the parts that would correspond to DK.A.Pha, DK.A.Zha, DK.A Chi, DK.A * Ji , and DK.A.VaJTI The contents of the various prints may be listed synoptically as follows: 72 Synoptic Table of DK.B Prints Fragmentary Prints Text Label and Incomplete Print Incomplete Print number of folios NGMPP L 1 8/3 NGMPP L247/4 DK.B Ka (7) Ll 8/3 - L45 6/ 02 DK B Kha (7) Ll 8/3 - - DK.B Ga (62) - L247/4 (incl ) L3 6/5 47° For details and translations of these printing and scribal colophons, see the summaries of the individual texts in chapter S below Details of most of the colophons can also be found in KRAGH (20 3c : 373-376) 47 Additionally, there may exist another still unavailable print of DK.B in Gemur temple, Lahul, which served as the basis for the modem publication DK.P (see p 87) 47 The table enumerates the contents of the corpus only via the alphabetical text labels without furnishing the full Tibetan titles For a table showing the contents of DK.A including the alphabetical text labels along with the corresponding text titles in Tibetan and English, see p 202 The symbol indicates that a text is missing in the given print The abbreviation " incl " signifies "incomplete, " meaning that one o r more folios are lacking i n the given print copy The microfilm numbers starting with L and the abbreviation EGS will be identified below Chapter 4: The Manifold Sayings ofDags po - B ackground and Transmissi,o n 04 D K.B Nga ( 2) L l 8/3 L247/4 - 05 DK.B Ca (45) Ll 8/3 L247/4 (incl.) EGS , L4 9/2 06 DK.B Cha ( 8) L I 8/3 L247/4 EGS 07 DK.B Ja ( 8) L I 8/3 L247/4 EGS 08 DK.B Nya ( 9) L I 8/3 L247/4 EGS , L4 9/2 (incl.) DK.B Ta ( 0) L I 8/3 - - DK.B Tha (50) LI 8/3 - - 1 DK.B Da ( 5) L I 8/3 - - DK.B Na (4) L 1 8/3 - EGS DK B Pa ( 4) L I 8/3 - - 14 DK.B Pha - - - DK B B a ( 6) L I 8/3 - DK B Ma (9) LI 8/3 L247/4 EGS 17 DK.B Tsa ( 1 ) L I 8/3 - - DK.B Tsha ( 0) L I 8/3 L247/4 EGS 19 DK B Dza (20) L I 8/3 L247/4 EGS 20 DK.B Wa ( 1 ) L I 8/3 L247/4 - DK.B Zha - - - 22 DK.B Za (9) - L247/4 - 23 DK.B ' a ( 1 ) L I 8/3 L247/4 - 24 DK.B Ya (9) L I 8/3 - - 25 DK.B Ra ( 2) L I 8/3 L247/4 - 26 DK.B La ( 1 ) - L247/4 - 27 DK B Sha ( 0) L I 8/3 L247/4 L22/37-L22- 28 DK.B S a ( 2) L l 8/3 L247/4 - - L247/4 - 30 DK.B A (20) L I 8/3 L247/4 - DK.B Ki (29) - L247/4 - 32 DK B Khi (3 ) - L247/4 - 3 DK.B Gi ( 1 ) - L247/4 - 34 DK.B Ngi ( 0) L I 8/3 L247/4 - 35 DK.B Ci (6) - L247/4 - 36 DK B Chi - - - 37 DK.B *Ji - - - DK.B Om (3) L 1 8/3 L247/4 - 39 DK B A � (2) Ll 8/3 - - 40 DK.B Hum (2) Ll 8/3 - - DK.B E ( 32) - - L l 6/7 (incl.) 42 DK.B Vam - - - 29 DK.B Ha ( ) EGS (incl ) 75 Chapter : The Manifold Sayings of Dags p o B ackground and Transmission 176 - The first incomplete print of DK.B is found in the private collection of Tulku Tshewang in Nampa Kunden Monastery, Nepal It was filmed by the NGMPP on November , 86 (reel no L 1 8/3 , running no L 25 ) It has 29 texts adding up to 8 folios measuring 8x48 cm 473 The second incomplete print of DK.B is preserved in the private collection of Ang Do rje in the Bde skyid bsam gling temple in Junbesi, Nepal It was filmed by the NGMPP on May , 987 (reel no L247/4, running no L2957) It has folios measuring 0, 2x 52,5 cm covering 24 texts Of the six fragments of DK.B , the first is a print of text DK B Ka found in the private collection of Lama Ngawang in Targyang, Nepal It was filmed by NGMPP on November , 99 (reel no L45 6/ , running no L4729) The second fragment is a complete print of text DK.B Ga belonging to Lama Gyagpa in Tarke Gyang, Nepal It was filmed by NGMPP on November 24, 98 (reel no L36/5 , running no L592) 75 The third fragment is a print containing texts DK.B Ca and DK.B Nya found in the library of Lama Lundup in Kodari, Nepal It was filmed by NGMPP on December 4, 992 (reel no L4 9/2, running no L4557) The fourth fragment is a photocopy found in the collection of the late E Gene SMITH (abbreviated 'EGS' in the above table) made from a xylograph of unknown loca lity 76 The fragment contains nine texts The fifth fragment is a print of text DK.B Sha found in the dgon pa of Langtang, Nepal, which was filmed by NGMPP on April 30, 98 (reel nos L22/37 and L22/3 , running n o s L 3 and L324) The sixth and final fragment i s a nearly complete print of text DK.B E (Dags po thar rgyan) belonging t o Sempa Lodoe in Glo smon thang It was filmed by NGMPP on April 30, 987 (reel no L l 6/7, running no L 652) The maj ority of the texts c an be established as being prints of the same xylographic printing blocks simply on the basis of the identical passages that are shared between them and their uniform design The only exception to this principle is text DK B E, which only 473 It should be noted that segments DK.B Nga and DK.B Da are reversed in the microfilm and their places should be swapped to reflect the proper order of the corpus 474 In two earlier publications (KRAGH, 20 1 a: l 62 and 20 3c : 370 fn 25), I have erroneously regarded microfilm NGMPP L247/4 to be of a separate xylograph from DK.B, which I labeled DK C and referred to as " a later reprint of the Mang yul gung thang xylograph, the date and origin of which are unknown " However, after renewed careful consideration of the textual evidence, I have now come to the conclusion that microfilm L247/4 simply is another paper print of DK.B whose printing quality is somewhat lesser than the prints represented by the other microfilms , perhaps reflecting that the wooden printing blocks had become quite worn out by the time when this print was made Aside from minor tear and wear of individual letters in L247/3 , there are no substantial differences between the texts shared by the various microfilmed DK.B prints, such as L247 /4 and L 1 8/3 475 The NGMPP microfilm and online catalog currently also lists reel numbers L3 6/3 and L36/4 as fragments from S gam po pa's Dags po 'i bka ' 'bum That, however, is incorrect These films are fragments of chapter and of Legs pa bshad pa 'i rin po che 'i gter authored by Sa skya Pai:i�i along with a few non-pertinent folios in L36/4 from an unidentified Bka ' brgyud pa work 47 I am indebted to E Gene S MITH for allowing me to copy his copy in 2004 ta ... namely DK A B a, DK .A. Wa, DK .A Za-DK .A Chi, and DK .A. Vaf!! A longer printing colophon is fo und at the end of text DK .A. Ga (the S gam po pa hagiography) and 46 DK .A. Ka b: //tai lo pa la na... figures - Vajra dhara (center) , Tilopa (left), and Naropa (right) - seated on a single throne A caption beneath the figures reads : " Homage to Tailopa ! Homage to Vajradhara ! Homage to Naropa !... 'chang la na 1110/ na ro pa la na moll 1 74 Chapter 4: The Manifold Sayings of Dags po - B ackground and Transmission DK .A. E (Dags po thar rgyan) An abbreviated printing colophon is found at the