Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 743 in an uncontrolled trial of 16 chronic smokers In six nonsmoking controls there was no change in urinary secretion Turmeric had no effect on serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, blood glucose, creatinine, and lipid profile (MAB) Turmeric extract (~20 mg curcumin/day) for 45 days dramatically decreased blood lipid peroxide levels in 18 male subjects (MAB) Curcumin is poorly absorbed (some 15–35% max in rats) orally but if administered with piperine (from black and long pepper), absorption is improved more than 150% in rats But in human volunteers, 20 mg piperine increases bioavailability of curcumin 20-fold (MAB) One study indicated curcumin and sodium curcuminate were more potent than phenylbutazone in acute and chronic arthritic models, while another found it only 1/10th as effective as ibuprofen While ulcerogenic in large doses, curcumin is only about one-third as ulcerogenic as the phenylbutazone In low doses, curcumin had antiulcer activity, protecting against the ulcerogenic activity of phenylbutazone (MAB) 1-Phenylhydroxy-N-pentane stimulates the secretion of secretin, gastrin and bicarbonate, helping maintain the gastric pH in dogs and humans (TRA) LD50 ether extracts 12,200 mg/kg orl rat (MAB), LDlo curcumin >2000 mg/kg orl mus (MAB), LDlo curcumin >5000 mg/kg orl rat (MAB) T U UNICORN ROOT (Aletris farinosa L.) + Activities (Unicorn Root) — Antiinflammatory (1; FAD); Carminative (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC; GMH); Emmenagogue (f; DEM); Estrogenic (1; CRC; HH2; PHR; PNC); Laxative (f; CRC; GMH); Narcotic (f; CRC; GMH); Sedative (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC; PNC); Tonic (f; PH2; PNC); Vermifuge (f; CRC) Indications (Unicorn Root) — Abortion (f; CRC); Ague (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Anasarca (f; CRC); Anorexia (f; PH2; PNC); Backache (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; PH2); Chlorosis (f; CRC); Colic (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC; GMH); Cough (f; CRC); Debility (f; PNC); Diarrhea (f; FAD); Dysentery (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; PH2; PNC); Dysuria (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; PH2); Fever (f; CRC; DEM); Gas (f; CRC; PH2); Gastrosis (f; CRC; PH2); Hysteria (f; CRC; DEM; PH2); Inflammation (1; FAD); Insomnia (f; CRC); Jaundice (f; CRC; FAD); Miscarriage (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; CRC); Neurosis (f; PH2); Prolapse (f; PHR; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC; FAD); Sore (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; CRC); Strangury (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Uterosis (f; CRC); Vaginosis (f; PHR; PH2); Water Retention (f; CRC); Womb (f; CRC); Worm (f; CRC) Dosages (Unicorn Root) — 1.5 g herb/100 ml water (PH2); 0.3–0.6 g powdered root (PNC); 0.3–1 ml liquid extract (PNC); 2–4 ml herb elixir (PNC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Unicorn Root) — Class 2d (AHP) Antagonizes some oxytocins (AHP) In Canada, it is not allowed as a nonmedicinal ingredient in oral-use products (AHP) None reported (PHR) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Though used for colic, “colicroot” may cause hypogastric colic (FAD) UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) + Synonyms: G hirsutum subsp latifolium (Murray) Roberty, G hirsutum var punctatum (Schumach & Thonn.) Roberty, G jamaicense Macfad., G lanceolatum Tod., G mexicanum Tod., G morrillii O F Cook & J Hubb., G palmeri G Watt, G punctatum Schumach & Thonn., G purpurascens Poir., G religiosum L., G schottii G Watt, G taitense Parl., G tridens O F Cook & J Hubb Species are not necessarily distinguishable, activities and indications are often lumped; see, e.g., JFM Activities (Upland Cotton) — Abortifacient (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; PH2); Astringent (f; CRC); Contraceptive (1; CRC; PH2); Cytostat (1; PH2); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; CRC); Emollient (f; CRC); Hemostat (f; CRC); Hypercholesterolemic (1; PH2); Hypertriglyceridemic (f; PH2); Hypocholesterolemic (f; PH2); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Oxytocic (f; CRC); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vasoconstrictor (f; CRC) 745 U 746 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Indications (Upland Cotton) — Asthma (f; CRC); Bite (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; HHB; PH2); Climacteric (f; PH2); Cold (f; JFM); Constipation (f; PH2); Cough (f; PH2); Cramp (f; JFM); Cystosis (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; JFM); Dyslactea (f; JFM; PH2); Dysuria (f; JFM); Earache (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JFM); Epilepsy (f; PH2); Fever (f; HHB; JFM); Fibroid (1; CRC; FNF); Gonorrhea (f; PH2); Headache (f; CRC; PH2); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; JFM); High Blood Pressure (f; JFM); High Cholesterol (f; PH2); Hypochondria (f; CRC); Inflammation (f; JFM); Laryngosis (f; JFM); Pain (f; JFM); Polyp (f; CRC; FNF); Pulmonosis (f; JFM); Rheumatism (f; JFM); Snakebite (f; PH2); Tumor (1; CRC; FNF); Uterosis (f; CRC; FNF); UTI (f; JFM); Water Retention (f; CRC) Dosages (Upland Cotton) — 100 g root/1 liter water, reduced by boiling to 0.5 liter, take 50 g liquid every half hour (dangerous formula for abortion, CRC); leaves in liter water for hypertension (JFM); 6–8 g seed/150 g water or milk, ×/day as lactagogue (f; JFM); 1–2 tbsp fluid extract during childbirth (HHB) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Upland Cotton) — Class 2b (AHP) Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Drug is toxic due to gossypol Animals fed seed press cakes for 3–4 weeks showed enterosis, gastrosis, hematuria, jaundice, nephritis, and ophthalmic disorders (PH2) USNEA (Usnea spp.) ++ Activities (Usnea) — Analgesic (1; BGB); Antibacterial (1; FNF; WAM); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF); Antisarcomic (1; BGB); Antiseptic (2; BGB; KOM; PH2); Antitumor (1; BGB); Candidicide (1; BGB); Deodorant (1; BGB); Expectorant (f; BGB); Fungicide (1; BGB; WAM); Parasiticide (1; WAM) Indications (Usnea) — Bacteria (1; FNF; WAM); Boil (f; BGB); Bronchosis (f; BGB); Cancer (1; BGB; JLH); Candida (1; BGB); Cough (1; WAM); Cystosis (f; BGB); Fungus (1; BGB; WAM); Headache (f; BGB); Heatstroke (f; BGB); Infection (1; BGB; WAM); Inflammation (1; FNF; PH2); Lymphadenosis (f; BGB); Mucososis (2; HHB; KOM; PH2); Mycosis (1; BGB; WAM); Nephrosis (f; BGB); Pain (1; BGB); Parasite (1; WAM); Pharyngosis (2; KOM; PH2); Pleurosis (f; BGB); Scrofula (f; BGB); Sore (f; BGB); Sore Throat (f; BGB; PH2); Stomatosis (2; KOM; PH2); Strep Throat (f; BGB); Swelling (f; BGB; JLH); Tuberculosis (f; BGB; HHB); Tumor (1; BGB); UTI (f; BGB); Wart (f; JLH); Wound (f; BGB); Yeast (1; BGB) Dosages (Usnea) — lozenge (equivalent to 100 mg herb) 3–6 ×/day (KOM; PHR); 60 mg drug/day (PH2) U Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Usnea) — None known (KOM; WAM) How’s this for a template, “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) “Following overdosage, signs of poisoning could appear These signs have yet to be described” (PHR; PH2) UZARA (Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) R Brown) + Synonym: Asclepias undulata L Activities (Uzara) — Cardioactive (2; KOM; PIP); Digitalic (1; PH2); Motility Inhibitor (2; KOM; PIP) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 747 Indications (Uzara) — Diarrhea (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Dysentery (f; PHR; PH2) Dosages (Uzara) — g drug (or equivalent of 75 mg total glycosides (KOM; PIP); 45–90 mg total glycosides (PH2); 45–90 mg uzarin/day (KOM; PIP) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Uzara) — Not covered (AHP) Commission E reports for the root, no known side effects or interactions with other drugs; contraindicated with cardioactive glycosides Consult a physician when diarrhea lasts for more than 3–4 days Also reported to contain cardiac glycosides; has digitalis-like cardiac activity in higher doses (AEH) There have been fatalities following parenteral application of Uzara drugs (PHR) U ... Inhibitor (2; KOM; PIP) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 747 Indications (Uzara) — Diarrhea (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Dysentery (f; PHR; PH2) Dosages (Uzara) — g drug (or equivalent of 75 mg total glycosides... (f; CRC); Oxytocic (f; CRC); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vasoconstrictor (f; CRC) 745 U 746 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Indications (Upland Cotton) — Asthma (f; CRC); Bite (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; CRC);... (Unicorn Root) — Class 2d (AHP) Antagonizes some oxytocins (AHP) In Canada, it is not allowed as a nonmedicinal ingredient in oral-use products (AHP) None reported (PHR) “Hazards and/or side effects