498 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Strangury (f; CRC); Swelling (1; CRC; MAB); Tapeworm (f; CRC); Thrombosis (1; MAB); Toothache (1; APA); Tumor (1; APA); Ulcer, peptic (prevent and treat) (1; APA; MAB; PH2; PNC; WAF); UTI (1; APA); Vaginosis (1; MAB); Vertigo (f; CRC; MAB); Water Retention (1; APA; MAB; PHR; PH2); Worm (f; CRC) Dosages (Meadowsweet) — 1–2 tsp flowers in tea several ×/day (APA); tbsp flowers/cup, 1–2 cups in morning (HHB); 2.5–3.5 g flowers (KOM; MAB; PH2; PIP); 2–4 ml liquid flower extract (APA); 4–5 g herb (KOM; MAB; PH2; PIP); 4–6 g herb, or in tea, ×/day (CAN); 1.5–6 ml liquid herb extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) ×/day (CAN); 2–4 ml herb tincture (1:5 in 45% ethanol) ×/day (CAN) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Meadowsweet) — Class (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) For the flower, Commission E reports hypersensitivity to salicylates (AEH) Overdosage might cause gastric distress and queasiness (PHR) In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided Contraindicated with aspirin or salicylate allergy due to potential for cross-reactivity (O’Brien, 1998) Individuals with aspirin hypersensitivity, asthma, diabetes, gout, hemophilia, hepatosis, hypothrombinemia, nephrosis, and peptic ulcers should be cautious with salicylates Alcohol, barbiturates, and oral sedatives may potentiate salicylate toxicity Beware of salicylate interaction with oral anticoagulants, methotrexate, metoclopramide, phenytoin, pronebecid, spironolactone, and valproate Salicylates excreted in breast milk reportedly can cause macular rashes in breast-fed babies (CAN) Avoid use during viral infections (WAM) Flower extracts are bacteriostatic, prolong life expectancy of mice, lower vascular permeability, promote excretion of urine acid, and prevent gastric ulcers (but can potentiate ulcerogenic activity of histamine) Salicin does not irritate the stomach (CAN) M MELATONIN (+)-N.A Activities (Melatonin) — Antiaging; Antidepressant; Antioxidant; Synchronizer Indications (Melatonin) — Depression; Insomnia; Jet Lag; Seasonal Affective Disorder Dosages (Melatonin) — 0.5–3 mg melatonin at bedtime Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Melatonin) — Doses