INDEX 619 Cenozoic (continued) terrestrial environments 5:463, 5:464 faunal assemblages 5:460, 5:461f Global Standard Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) S:506f gymnosperms 2:452f insects 2:299f International Stratigraphic Chart (ICS) 5:517f Latest Palaeocene Thermal Maximum (LPTM) dissociation hypothesis l:342f Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum 5:460, 5:466, 5:467f, 5:470 Papua New Guinea 4:110 plate tectonics 5:460 tetrapod radiations l:273f time-scale scaling concepts 5:516f Palaeogene Andes Mountains 1:126, 1:130 China 1:347f Danian boundary 3:372, 3:373f Global Standard Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) 5:506f International Stratigraphic Chart (ICS) 5:517f Kazakhstan l:166f New Zealand 4:6 North Africa 1:24 northern Cordillera 4:39, 4:43-44 ostracods (Ostracoda) 3:460f Uzbekistan 1:167 Pangaea3:I31/" placental mammals 2:537f Pleistocene 5:493-499 amphibians 2:526 Anglian stage 5:496f archaeological sites 5:496f Australia, Phanerozoic I:230f9 1:236 Aveley interglacial stage 5:496f background information 5:493 biodiversity 1:260-261 biostratigraphy 5:495 biota 5:495, 5:497f, 5:498f caves (endokarst) 5:497 Cromerian complex 5:496f Devensian stage 5:496f extinction events 5:497-498 Flandrian stage 5:496f geomagnetic polarity time-scale 3:332f glacial stages 5:496f glaciation 2:526, 4:131, 4:663 Global Standard Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) 5:506f Gunz stage 5:493 historical research 5:493, 5:496f Hoxnian stage 5:496f human activity 5:495, 5:496f Ice Age 5:493 interglacial pollen assemblages 3:467f International Stratigraphic Chart (ICS) 5:517f Ipswichian stage 5:496f Kyrgyzstan 1:167 mammoths 5:498, 5:498f marine oxygen isotope record 5:496f Mindel stage 5:493 palaeoclimate 5:495 palaeogeography 5:496f Purfleet interglacial stage 5:496f reef environments 4:506f Riss stage 5:493 tektites 5:444 Wurm stage 5:493 Pliocene 5:486-493 amphibians 2:524, 2:525, 2:526f Andes Mountains 1:126, 1:130 Antarctica 1:140 Arabia l:142f, l:144f Atlantic ocean currents 5:488f background information 5:486 biotic events American terrestrial biotic interchange 5:487t, 5:490 marine biotic interchange 5:487t, 5:491 marine trans-Arctic interchange 5:487t, 5:491 climate general discussion 5:487t, 5:489 glaciation 5:487t, 5:489 mid-Pliocene warming 5:487t, 5:489 geomagnetic polarity time-scale 3:332f Global Standard Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) 5:506f Hominin diversification 5:487t, 5:491, 5:491t,5:492f insects 2:299f International Stratigraphic Chart (ICS) 5:517f Lau Islands 4:120 New Zealand 4:2f, 4:7 orbital forcing 5:487t palaeomagnetism 5:487t predations 4:145f Prunum coniforme 1:269f punctuated equilibrium 1:269f South-east Asia 1:193 f stages Gelasian (upper Pliocene) 5:487, a Mediterranean region 5:486 Piacenzian (middle Pliocene) 5:486, 5:487t,5:506f,5:517f Zanclean (lower Pliocene) 5:486, 5:487t,5:506f,5:517f tectonic processes 5:487, 5:487t time-scale scaling concepts 5:516f Vanuatu 4:116 vegetation 5:489, 5:491 polarity-bias superchrons 3:33If porifera (Porifera) 2:408-417 sedimentary basins 2:122f South-east Asia I:181t9 1:187 southern Cordillera 4:58, 4:60 Tadzhikistan 1:168 Tertiary See Tertiary Turkmenistan 1:166 Uralide orogeny 2:87f weathering effects 5:589-590 See also Quaternary Central American tectonics 5:481 Central Appalachians 4:72-81 Alleghanian orogeny 4:79 Carolina terrane 4:74f9 4:75f9 4:78 Cat Square terrane 4.-74/J 4:75f9 4:77 Gondwana-Laurentia collision 4:79, 4:80f igneous processes 4:73, 4:75f magnetostratigraphy 4:76f Neoacadian orogeny 4:78 occurrence 4:72 origins 4:72 passive margin development 4:76, 4:76f physiographic provinces 4:73f Pine Mountain terrane 4:77 sedimentary depositional processes 4:73 superterranes 4:74/j 4:75f Suwannee terrane 4:72, 4:80 Taconic orogeny 4:77 tectonic evolution 4:74 f9 4:75f Tugaloo terrane 4:78 volcanism 4:73, 4:75f Central Arabian Arch 3:140f Central Armorican Basin 2:96 Central Asia 1:164-169 geologic history 1:168 Kazakhstan borate deposits 3:517 Cambrian 1:173 f Carboniferous 4:201 geology 1:164 Global Standard Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) S:Sllf Kokchetav Massif 5:533, 5:535-536, 5:536f, 5:537 Ordovician 1:173 f Permian 5:511f Silurian l:173f, 4:191-192 tektites 5:451 terranes3:130/' Tien Shan Mountains 1:164, 1:165'f Triassic 3:344 Uralide orogeny 2:86 Kyrgyzstan 1:167 Tadzhikistan 1:168, 1:518f terrains l:165f Tien Shan Mountains 1:164, I:165f9 1:167 Turkmenistan 1:166 Uzbekistan 1:167 Central Atlantic Magmatic Province 3:315f,3:316t Central Basin Platform 4:62f Central Brazil Shield l:306f Centralian Superbasin 3:129-139 Central Iberian Zone 2:80-82, 2:96/", 2:98 Central Mobile Belt 4:83 Central Sahara Ghost Craton 1:10 Central Stable Region 4:21 Central Uralian zone 2:86, 2:87f