Nazi Germany Chongqing fall The Swiss declared a National Redoubt in the south in 1940, after the fall of France, while expecting to be invaded by Italy or Germany or both The Western Allies greatly feared that Adolf Hitler and his final loyalists would move to a National Redoubt, which the Germans called the Alpenfestung or “Mountain Redoubt.” They did not See also Vercors; Werwolf guerrillas NATIONAL REVOLUTION See France; Laval, Pierre; Pétain, Philippe; Vichy NATIONAL SOCIALISM See Hitler, Adolf; Nazi Party; Nazism NAURU This tiny, isolated island was occupied by the Japanese from August 25, 1942, until the end of the war Its native population was abused as forced labor in the island’s phosphate mining, or deported to the Japanese base at Truk A U.S carrier task force bombed and shelled the garrison in December 1943 Nauru was to have been assaulted in the original GALVANIC plan Instead, the island was bypassed as part of the new island-hopping strategy that followed the bloody fight at Tarawa NAVAL INTELLIGENCE BUREAU (NIB) The chief agency responsible for Royal Navy actionable intelligence It operated under authority of the Admiralty It was linked to distant Atlantic weather stations, naval attachés overseas, ship sighting reports from the War Registry, and to Bletchley Park—to which it had surrendered its own code breakers It also ran some deception operations, notably MINCEMEAT NAXOS See radar; U-boats NAZIFICATION See Abwehr; collaboration; concentration camps; Germany; Hitler, Adolf; Hitler Youth; July Plot; Kriegsmarine; Luftwaffe; Nazi Party; Nazism; Reichstag; Schutzstaffel (SS); Sturmabteilung (SA); U-boats; Waffen-SS; Wehrmacht See also denazification; Nuremberg Tribunal NAZI GERMANY The term “Nazi Germany” was used nearly universally outside Germany, at the time and since, in reference to the 12-year period lasting from January 30, 1933, when Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, until May 8, 1945, the day the Nazi regime was compelled to accept unconditional surrender and military 769