Employment and Racial Disparities in Maryland’s Workforce Pipeline Michael Siers Senior Research Manager Towson University’s Regional Economic Studies Institute May 16, 2018 Poverty is More Prevalent Among African American than White Marylanders Poverty Rates by Race, 2016 30% 25% 27% 20% 15% 10% 14% 12% 10% 8% 5% 7% 0% Baltimore City Baltimore County African American or Black © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Maryland White Non-Hispanic Source: U.S Census Bureau African Americans Tend to Earn Less Than White Maryland Residents Median Household Income by Race, 2016 $100,000 $90,000 $88,633 $80,000 $70,000 $72,540 $71,575 $74,757 $60,000 $62,919 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $37,225 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Baltimore City Baltimore County African American or Black © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Maryland White Non-Hispanic Source: U.S Census Bureau 1/3 of Baltimore City Households of Color Have Zero Net Worth © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Source: Prosperity Now, David Schalliol Red-Lining vs Persistent Segregation © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Sources: University of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University How We Measure Segregation Matters: What Baseline Do We Use? ECONOMISTS: © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 70% Male How We Measure Segregation Matters: What Baseline Do We Use? ECONOMISTS: 50% Male - 50/50 Split? © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 70% Male How We Measure Segregation Matters: What Baseline Do We Use? ECONOMISTS: 50% Male - 50/50 Split? 70% Male - Gender Split in Region? © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 70% Male How We Measure Segregation Matters: What Baseline Do We Use? ECONOMISTS: 70% Male 50% Male - 50/50 Split? 70% Male - Gender Split in Region? 60% Male - Gender Split with Needed Education? © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research When Measuring Segregation, We Need to Control for Education • Education may vary between groups for a variety of reasons: • Self selection • Cultural norms • Implicit bias • Poverty • Need to separate how much of an occupation’s segregation is due to education or other biases © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Across all Occupations Statewide, African Americans are “Crowded” into Low Wage Jobs 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2009 2010 Low Wage © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2011 2012 2013 Medium Wage 2014 2015 2016 High Wage Sources: US Census ACS Data, Bureau of Labor Statistics, RESI … And Statewide, African Americans are Crowded Out of Jobs Resistant to Automation 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 2009 2010 2011 2012 White © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2013 2014 2015 2016 African American Sources: US Census ACS Data, O*NET, RESI Generally, Segregation Has Increased in Baltimore City Post-Recession 50% Duncan Index 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2009 2010 © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Sources: US Census ACS Data, RESI …However, Regional Segregation has Remained Relatively Constant or Declined 50% Duncan Index 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2009 2010 © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Sources: US Census ACS Data, RESI Similarly, Segregation Statewide Remained Constant Post-Recession 50% Duncan Index 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2009 2010 © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Sources: US Census ACS Data, RESI More African Americans are Graduating From Maryland Colleges and Universities 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1996 2001 © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2006 2011 2016 Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI …Though Segregation in College Majors Has Remained Relatively Constant Over Time 25% Duncan Index 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1998 2001 © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI Top Eight Differences In Majors between African American and White Graduates 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Business Criminal Justice Engineering © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Health Education Visual and Public Human Sciences Performing Arts Administration Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI …Of These Have Larger Shares of African Americans 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Business Criminal Justice Engineering © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Health Education Visual and Public Human Sciences Performing Arts Administration Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI Within Business Majors, African Americans Graduate With Less Specialized and More General Degrees Finance Marketing Accounting Business Administration 13% 17% 18% 25% General 36% Human Resources 35% © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI Within All Computer-Related Majors, African Americans are Under-Represented in Computer Science Majors Computer Science General IT Administration Information Science © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 8% 15% 23% 24% Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI African Americans Constitute a Shrinking Proportion of Engineering Graduates Statewide 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1996 2001 © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research 2006 2011 2016 Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, RESI Correcting Segregation: Transportation © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Sources: Envision Baltimore Correcting Segregation: Public Schools © Towson University, Division of Innovation and Applied Research Source: Danni Williams, Facebook QUESTIONS? msiers@towson.edu