computerized axial tomography in, 709 differential diagnosis of, 709 disharmonious segmental arrangements and, 701 echocardiography in, 707–708, 707f–709f electrocardiography in, 706, 707f etiology of, 705–706 incidence of, 705–706 left ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with, 700, 703f magnetic resonance imaging in, 709, 710f management of, 710–714 anatomic correction and, 712–713, 712f banding of the pulmonary trunk, 713–714 double switch and, 712 Fontan circulation, 714 medical, 711 with morphologically right ventricle and tricuspid valve in systemic circulation, 710–711 physiological repair and, 711–712 postoperative, 713 principles of, 710, 711f Rastelli-Senning procedure (ventricular rerouting combined with atrial redirection), 712–713 surgical, 711–714 systemic-pulmonary shunt and, 711 morphogenesis and, 705 morphology and, 697–699, 698f–702f tricuspid valve lesions associated with, 700–701, 703f–704f ventricular septal defect associated with, 700, 703f ventriculo-arterial connections and, 704–705, 704f–705f congenitally corrected, in pregnancy, 1446 etiology of, 675 exercise testing in, 400 genetics of, 675 historical background of, 675 with interruption of aortic arch, surgical management of, 689 long-term follow-up for, 695 malformations associated with, 680 medical management of, in neonates, 685–686 atrial septostomy for, 685–686, 685f–686f stabilization and, 685 morphogenesis of, 680, 681f pathophysiology of, 680–682 circulatory physiology and, 680–681 determinants of systemic arterial oxygenation and mixing and, 681 left ventricular pressure and mass and, 681–682 ventricular septal defect and, 681 in pregnancy, 1446 prevalence of, 675 pulmonary hypertension with, surgical management of, 689 surgical management of, 686–692 atrial redirection procedures for, 686 for complex transposition, 689–692 historical perspective of, 686 outcomes with, 692–695 with ventricular septal defect, surgical management of, 689 Transpyloric tube feeding, 1500 Transthoracic echocardiography, 290–296 atrioventricular junction analysis and, 296 of coronary orificial atresia, 876 determination of atrial arrangement and, 295–296 parasternal and apical views on, 291–294, 292f–295f sequential segmental approach to, 295 subcostal views on, 290–291, 290f–292f suprasternal notch, 294–295, 295f ventriculoarterial junction analysis and, 296 Transverse aorta, in diagnostic catheterization, 251 Transverse sinus, 17, 19f Treadmill ergometers, 387 protocols, 387–388, 388f Treprostinil, for pulmonary hypertension, 1389 Triangle of Koch, 27–29, 29f Tricuspid regurgitation in chronic rheumatic heart disease, 1027 fetal, 92, 92f Tricuspid valve, 585–605 disease, chronic rheumatic heart disease and, 1030 dysplasia of, 603, 604f interventional techniques for, 263 naming of, 585 repair and replacement, 599–600, 599f–604f surgery for, 1038 three-dimensional echocardiography of, 314t Uhl malformation and, 589–590, 603–605, 605f Tricuspid valve apparatus, in diagnostic catheterization, 246 Tricuspid valve lesions, congenitally corrected transposition and, 700–701, 703f–704f Trisomy 13, 1409–1410 changing landscape with approach to, 1470–1471 Trisomy 18, 1409–1410 changing landscape with approach to, 1470–1471 Trisomy 21 atrioventricular septal defects in, 521, 543 surgical treatment of, 554 ostium primum and, 509 Trophoblast cells, 157 Troponin in cardiomyocyte, 73–74 fetal development and, 85 Tubercular pericarditis, 1069 Tuberous sclerosis complex, 971 Turner syndrome, 1409, 1409f, 1409t systemic arterial dysfunction and, 1373 Twins, conjoined, 915–917, 917f isomerism and, 455 Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, systemic arterial dysfunction and, 1371–1372 Twisted hearts, 920–926, 920f–926f Types I and II error, 413