children with dilated cardiomyopathy: a report from the pediatric cardiomyopathy registry J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:607–615 This study from the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry demonstrates that the 5-year incidence rate of sudden cardiac death in children with dilated cardiomyopathy is 3% Younger age at diagnosis, left ventricular dilation, and thinning of the posterior wall were risk factors for death The study concluded that patients with these criteria might benefit from earlier implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator Stout KK, Broberg CS, Book WM, et al American heart association council on clinical cardiology, Council on functional genomics and translational biology, and council on cardiovascular radiology and imaging Chronic heart failure in congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the American heart association Circulation 2016;133:770–801 This important report provides a review of the literature related to the specific aspects of chronic heart failure in patients with congenital heart disease It examines important remaining gaps in our knowledge and emphasizes the important of specific studies in this area if outcomes are to be improved Price JF, Thomas AK, Grenier M, et al B-type natriuretic peptide predicts adverse cardiovascular events in pediatric outpatients with chronic left ventricular systolic dysfunction Circulation 2006;114:1063–1069 This is one of the first studies to demonstrate a relationship between levels of B-type natriuretic peptide and outcomes in children with chronic left ventricular systolic dysfunction References Katz A Evolving concepts of the pathogenesis of heart failure Hosenpud JD, Greenberg BH Congestive Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Comprehensive Approach to Management 2nd ed Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia; 2000:3–8 Rudolph AM Heart failure: a historical perspective Shaddy RE, Wernovsky G Pediatric Heart Failure Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL; 2005:1–29 Nugent AW, Daubeney PE, Chondros P, et al Clinical features and outcomes of childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: results from a national population-based study Circulation 2005;112:1332–1338 Daubeney PE, Nugent AW, Chondros P, et al Clinical features and outcomes of childhood dilated cardiomyopathy: results from a national population-based study Circulation 2006;114:2671–2678 Delgado RM 3rd, Willerson JT Pathophysiology of heart failure: a look at the future Tex Heart Inst J 1999;26:28–33 Fedak PW, Verma S, Weisel RD, et al Cardiac ...Price JF, Thomas AK, Grenier M, et al B-type natriuretic peptide predicts adverse cardiovascular events in pediatric outpatients with chronic left ventricular systolic dysfunction Circulation 2006;114:1063–1069... Wilkins: Philadelphia; 2000:3–8 Rudolph AM Heart failure: a historical perspective Shaddy RE, Wernovsky G Pediatric Heart Failure Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL; 2005:1–29 Nugent AW, Daubeney PE, Chondros P, et al