Elevated production • Sickle hemoglobinopathies • ABO incompatibility • G6PD deficiency • Cephalohematoma Hepatocyte injury • Acute liver failure • Hepatotoxins: drugs such as acetaminophen—see section Evaluation of the Older Child • TORCHS and perinatal/congenital infections • Toxoplasmosis • Rubella • Cytomegalovirus • Varicella zoster • Herpes simplex virus • Coxsackievirus • Parvovirus B19 • Human immunodeficiency virus • Syphilis • Epstein–Barr virus • Acquired infections • Sepsis • Urinary tract infection • Metabolic disorders • Galactosemia • Galactokinase deficiency • Hereditary fructose intolerance • Genetic disorders • α1 -Antitrypsin deficiency • Wilson disease • Autoimmune • Autoimmune hepatitis Transporter problem • Sepsis • Dubin–Johnson syndrome